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feat: docker backend#3565

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chronark merged 1 commit intomainfrom
07-14-feat_docker_backend
Jul 16, 2025
Merged

feat: docker backend#3565
chronark merged 1 commit intomainfrom
07-14-feat_docker_backend

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@chronark
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@chronark chronark commented Jul 15, 2025

What does this PR do?

This PR adds a Docker-based development environment plan for Unkey deploy services. It introduces a detailed implementation plan for creating a single Docker container that runs all four deploy services (assetmanagerd, billaged, builderd, metald) for local development. The implementation includes a Docker backend for metald that creates containers instead of VMs, providing a simplified development experience without requiring Firecracker/KVM setup.

The PR adds:

  1. A comprehensive development plan document outlining architecture, implementation phases, and success criteria
  2. A Docker backend implementation for metald that maps VM operations to Docker container operations
  3. Docker metrics collection functionality for monitoring container resources

Fixes #(issue)

Type of change

  • Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
  • Chore (refactoring code, technical debt, workflow improvements)
  • Enhancement (small improvements)
  • New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
  • Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
  • This change requires a documentation update

How should this be tested?

It should still build.. that was the only requirement here

Checklist

Required

  • Filled out the "How to test" section in this PR
  • Read Contributing Guide
  • Self-reviewed my own code
  • Commented on my code in hard-to-understand areas
  • Ran pnpm build
  • Ran pnpm fmt
  • Checked for warnings, there are none
  • Removed all console.logs
  • Merged the latest changes from main onto my branch with git pull origin main
  • My changes don't cause any responsiveness issues

Appreciated

  • If a UI change was made: Added a screen recording or screenshots to this PR
  • Updated the Unkey Docs if changes were necessary

Summary by CodeRabbit

  • New Features

    • Introduced a comprehensive plan for a unified Docker-based local development environment, closely mirroring production deployments.
    • Added a Docker backend for managing virtual machines as Docker containers, supporting full lifecycle operations, telemetry, and port management.
    • Implemented detailed metrics collection for Docker-managed VMs, including CPU, memory, network, and disk usage.
    • Defined new configuration and type structures to support Docker-based VM management.
  • Documentation

    • Added a detailed planning and design document outlining architecture, setup, integration, testing, and future enhancements for the Docker-based development environment.

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⚠️ No Changeset found

Latest commit: 906fde9

Merging this PR will not cause a version bump for any packages. If these changes should not result in a new version, you're good to go. If these changes should result in a version bump, you need to add a changeset.

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coderabbitai bot commented Jul 15, 2025

📝 Walkthrough

Walkthrough

A new Docker-based backend for the metald service has been introduced, allowing virtual machines to be managed as Docker containers. This includes full lifecycle operations, metrics collection, and port management, all implemented via a new backend conforming to the existing interface. Supporting types and a detailed development plan document were also added.

Changes

File(s) Change Summary
go/deploy/DOCKER_DEVELOPMENT_PLAN.md Added a detailed planning and design document for a unified Docker-based local development environment for deploy services.
go/deploy/metald/internal/backend/docker/client.go Implemented the DockerBackend struct and all VM lifecycle management methods, port allocation, and OpenTelemetry tracing.
go/deploy/metald/internal/backend/docker/metrics.go Added MetricsCollector for Docker container stats, conversion to VM metrics, and streaming/bulk metrics collection.
go/deploy/metald/internal/backend/docker/types.go Defined core types for Docker-backed VMs, container specs, backend configuration, and Docker metrics conversion.

Sequence Diagram(s)

sequenceDiagram
    participant User
    participant Metald
    participant DockerBackend
    participant DockerDaemon

    User->>Metald: Request VM operation (create/start/stop/etc.)
    Metald->>DockerBackend: Call Backend method (e.g., CreateVM)
    DockerBackend->>DockerDaemon: Docker API call (e.g., create/start container)
    DockerDaemon-->>DockerBackend: API response (container ID, status, etc.)
    DockerBackend-->>Metald: Return VM/container info or status
    Metald-->>User: Respond with operation result
Loading
sequenceDiagram
    participant Metald
    participant DockerBackend
    participant MetricsCollector
    participant DockerDaemon

    Metald->>DockerBackend: Request VM metrics
    DockerBackend->>MetricsCollector: CollectMetrics(containerID)
    MetricsCollector->>DockerDaemon: Docker stats API call
    DockerDaemon-->>MetricsCollector: Stats JSON
    MetricsCollector-->>DockerBackend: VMMetrics
    DockerBackend-->>Metald: VMMetrics
Loading
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chronark commented Jul 15, 2025

@chronark chronark marked this pull request as ready for review July 15, 2025 13:34
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Actionable comments posted: 7

📜 Review details

Configuration used: CodeRabbit UI
Review profile: ASSERTIVE
Plan: Pro

📥 Commits

Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between 31bb842 and 906fde9.

📒 Files selected for processing (4)
  • go/deploy/DOCKER_DEVELOPMENT_PLAN.md (1 hunks)
  • go/deploy/metald/internal/backend/docker/client.go (1 hunks)
  • go/deploy/metald/internal/backend/docker/metrics.go (1 hunks)
  • go/deploy/metald/internal/backend/docker/types.go (1 hunks)
🧰 Additional context used
📓 Path-based instructions (3)
go/deploy/**/*.{go,js,ts,tsx,py,sh,md,txt,json,yaml,yml,ini,env,conf,rb,java,c,cpp,h,cs,rs,php,html,css,scss,xml}

Instructions used from:

Sources:
📄 CodeRabbit Inference Engine

  • go/deploy/CLAUDE.md
go/deploy/**/*.{go,js,ts,tsx,py,sh,md,txt,json,yaml,yml,ini,rb,java,c,cpp,h,cs,rs,php,html,css,scss,xml}

Instructions used from:

Sources:
📄 CodeRabbit Inference Engine

  • go/deploy/CLAUDE.md
go/deploy/{assetmanagerd,billaged,builderd,metald}/**/*.go

Instructions used from:

Sources:
📄 CodeRabbit Inference Engine

  • go/deploy/CLAUDE.md
🧠 Learnings (1)
go/deploy/DOCKER_DEVELOPMENT_PLAN.md (4)
Learnt from: CR
PR: unkeyed/unkey#0
File: go/deploy/CLAUDE.md:0-0
Timestamp: 2025-07-09T08:42:29.316Z
Learning: Applies to go/deploy/**/*.{go,js,ts,tsx,py,sh,md,txt,json,yaml,yml,ini,rb,java,c,cpp,h,cs,rs,php,html,css,scss,xml} : Use `AIDEV-NOTE:`, `AIDEV-TODO:`, `AIDEV-BUSINESS_RULE:`, or `AIDEV-QUESTION:` (all-caps prefix) as anchor comments aimed at AI and developers.
Learnt from: CR
PR: unkeyed/unkey#0
File: go/deploy/CLAUDE.md:0-0
Timestamp: 2025-07-09T08:42:29.316Z
Learning: Applies to go/deploy/{assetmanagerd,billaged,builderd,metald}/**/*.go : When a service's `*.go` code changes significantly, increase the patch-level version number.
Learnt from: CR
PR: unkeyed/unkey#0
File: go/deploy/CLAUDE.md:0-0
Timestamp: 2025-07-09T08:42:29.316Z
Learning: Applies to go/deploy/**/*.{go,js,ts,tsx,py,sh,md,txt,json,yaml,yml,ini,rb,java,c,cpp,h,cs,rs,php,html,css,scss,xml} : Make sure to add relevant anchor comments whenever a file or piece of code is too complex, very important, confusing, or could have a bug.
Learnt from: CR
PR: unkeyed/unkey#0
File: go/deploy/CLAUDE.md:0-0
Timestamp: 2025-07-09T08:42:29.316Z
Learning: Applies to go/deploy/**/*.{go,js,ts,tsx,py,sh,md,txt,json,yaml,yml,ini,rb,java,c,cpp,h,cs,rs,php,html,css,scss,xml} : Do not remove `AIDEV-*`s without explicit human instruction.
🧬 Code Graph Analysis (1)
go/deploy/metald/internal/backend/docker/client.go (3)
go/deploy/metald/internal/backend/docker/types.go (4)
  • DockerBackendConfig (45-69)
  • DefaultDockerBackendConfig (72-88)
  • ContainerSpec (32-42)
  • PortMapping (25-29)
go/gen/proto/metal/vmprovisioner/v1/vmprovisioner.pb.go (4)
  • VmState_VM_STATE_CREATED (29-29)
  • VmState_VM_STATE_RUNNING (30-30)
  • VmState_VM_STATE_SHUTDOWN (32-32)
  • VmState_VM_STATE_PAUSED (31-31)
go/deploy/metald/internal/backend/types/backend.go (1)
  • Backend (12-45)
🪛 LanguageTool
go/deploy/DOCKER_DEVELOPMENT_PLAN.md

[grammar] ~1-~1: There might be a problem here.
Context: # Docker Development Environment Plan ## Overview This document outlines the plan to crea...

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[grammar] ~5-~5: Insert the missing word
Context: ... services (assetmanagerd, billaged, builderd, metald) for local development purpose...

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[grammar] ~5-~5: There might be a problem here.
Context: ... metald to create containers instead of VMs. ## Goals 1. Production Parity: Mirror the product...

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[grammar] ~9-~9: There might be a mistake here.
Context: ...uction deployment process as closely as possible 2. Simplified Development: No Firec...

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[grammar] ~10-~10: There might be a mistake here.
Context: ...Development**: No Firecracker/KVM setup required 3. Container-Native: "VMs" are actu...

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[grammar] ~11-~11: There might be a mistake here.
Context: ...e actually Docker containers managed by metald 4. Easy Debugging: All services in ...

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[grammar] ~12-~12: There might be a mistake here.
Context: ... services in one container with unified logging 5. Fast Iteration: Instant containe...

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[grammar] ~13-~13: There might be a problem here.
Context: ...nt container startup instead of VM boot times ## Architecture ### Base Container Design - Base Image...

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[grammar] ~17-~17: Use correct spacing
Context: ...es ## Architecture ### Base Container Design - Base Image: Fedora 42 (matches produc...

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[grammar] ~21-~21: There might be a mistake here.
Context: ...ion**: Use existing Makefiles and build process - Configuration: Modify existing sy...

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[grammar] ~22-~22: There might be a mistake here.
Context: ... existing systemd services with minimal changes ### Docker Backend for metald Replace Fire...

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[grammar] ~24-~24: Use correct spacing
Context: ...inimal changes ### Docker Backend for metald Replace Firecracker backend with Docker...

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[grammar] ~26-~26: Use correct spacing
Context: ...Replace Firecracker backend with Docker backend: VM Operations → Docker Container Operations ├── CreateVM → docker create ├── BootVM → docker start ├── DeleteVM → docker rm ├── ShutdownVM → docker stop ├── PauseVM → docker pause ├── ResumeVM → docker unpause ├── RebootVM → docker restart └── GetVMMetrics → docker stats ### Service Architecture ``` Single Contai...

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[grammar] ~40-~40: Use correct spacing
Context: ...Metrics → docker stats ### Service Architecture Single Container: ├── systemd (PID 1) ├── assetmanagerd.service (port 8083) ├── billaged.service (port 8081) ├── builderd.service (port 8082) ├── metald.service (port 8080) └── Docker socket (mounted from host) ``` ## Implementation Plan ### Phase 1: Docke...

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[grammar] ~52-~52: Use correct spacing
Context: ...unted from host) ``` ## Implementation Plan ### Phase 1: Docker Backend Implementation ...

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[grammar] ~54-~54: Use correct spacing
Context: ...ation Plan ### Phase 1: Docker Backend Implementation 1. Create Docker Backend (`go/deploy/met...

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[grammar] ~57-~57: Use colons correctly
Context: ...ocker/) - Implement types.Backend` interface - Use Docker API client for containe...

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[grammar] ~58-~58: There might be a mistake here.
Context: ... - Use Docker API client for container operations - Map VM configurations to Docker co...

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[grammar] ~59-~59: There might be a mistake here.
Context: ...p VM configurations to Docker container specs - Handle port mapping and networking...

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[grammar] ~60-~60: There might be a mistake here.
Context: ...iner specs - Handle port mapping and networking - Implement metrics collection via D...

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[grammar] ~61-~61: There might be a mistake here.
Context: ...ent metrics collection via Docker stats API 2. Asset Integration - Reuse existing...

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[grammar] ~64-~64: There might be a mistake here.
Context: ...se existing asset management for Docker images - Map VM rootfs assets to Docker ima...

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[grammar] ~65-~65: There might be a mistake here.
Context: ...ges - Map VM rootfs assets to Docker images - Integrate with builderd for image ...

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[grammar] ~66-~66: There might be a mistake here.
Context: ... - Integrate with builderd for image building 3. Configuration Updates - Add Docker...

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[grammar] ~69-~69: There might be a mistake here.
Context: ... - Add Docker backend option to metald configuration - Update backend factory to support ...

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[grammar] ~70-~70: There might be a mistake here.
Context: ...pdate backend factory to support Docker backend ### Phase 2: Container Environment Setup 1...

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[grammar] ~72-~72: Use correct spacing
Context: ...end ### Phase 2: Container Environment Setup 1. Fedora-based Dockerfile - Multi-st...

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[grammar] ~76-~76: There might be a mistake here.
Context: ...E.md - Install development tools and dependencies - Build all 4 services using existin...

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[grammar] ~77-~77: There might be a mistake here.
Context: ... - Build all 4 services using existing Makefiles - Install systemd and create service...

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[grammar] ~78-~78: There might be a mistake here.
Context: ... - Install systemd and create service directories 2. systemd Service Configuration - Mo...

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[grammar] ~81-~81: There might be a mistake here.
Context: ...ing systemd service files for container environment - Disable TLS for all services (deve...

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[grammar] ~82-~82: There might be a mistake here.
Context: ...sable TLS for all services (development only) - Update service endpoints from HTTP...

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[grammar] ~83-~83: There might be a mistake here.
Context: ... Update service endpoints from HTTPS to HTTP - Create billaged user and set up di...

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[grammar] ~84-~84: Use articles correctly
Context: ...ndpoints from HTTPS to HTTP - Create billaged user and set up directories 3. **Docke...

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[grammar] ~84-~84: There might be a mistake here.
Context: ...TP - Create billaged user and set up directories 3. Docker Socket Integration - Mount ...

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[grammar] ~87-~87: There might be a mistake here.
Context: ...gration** - Mount Docker socket into container - Configure appropriate permissions ...

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[grammar] ~88-~88: There might be a mistake here.
Context: ...to container - Configure appropriate permissions - Test Docker API access from within...

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[grammar] ~89-~89: There might be a mistake here.
Context: ... - Test Docker API access from within container ### Phase 3: Service Integration 1. **Envi...

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[grammar] ~91-~91: Use correct spacing
Context: ... within container ### Phase 3: Service Integration 1. Environment Configuration ```bash ...

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[grammar] ~93-~93: Use correct spacing
Context: ...: Service Integration 1. Environment Configuration bash # Disable TLS for all services UNKEY_ASSETMANAGERD_TLS_MODE=disabled UNKEY_BILLAGED_TLS_MODE=disabled UNKEY_BUILDERD_TLS_MODE=disabled UNKEY_METALD_TLS_MODE=disabled # Configure Docker backend UNKEY_METALD_BACKEND=docker # Update service endpoints UNKEY_METALD_BILLING_ENDPOINT=http://localhost:8081 UNKEY_METALD_ASSETMANAGER_ENDPOINT=http://localhost:8083 UNKEY_ASSETMANAGERD_BUILDERD_ENDPOINT=http://localhost:8082 UNKEY_BUILDERD_ASSETMANAGER_ENDPOINT=http://localhost:8083 2. Service Dependencies - Configure s...

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[grammar] ~112-~112: There might be a mistake here.
Context: ...encies** - Configure systemd service ordering - Add health checks and startup coor...

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[grammar] ~113-~113: There might be a mistake here.
Context: ...ring - Add health checks and startup coordination - Handle service failures gracefully...

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[grammar] ~114-~114: There might be a mistake here.
Context: ...ordination - Handle service failures gracefully 3. Docker Compose Integration - Add d...

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[grammar] ~117-~117: There might be a mistake here.
Context: ...tegration** - Add deploy services to existing deployment/docker-compose.yaml - Configure networking and volume mounts ...

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[grammar] ~118-~118: There might be a mistake here.
Context: ...l` - Configure networking and volume mounts - Set up development environment var...

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[grammar] ~119-~119: There might be a mistake here.
Context: ...nts - Set up development environment variables ### Phase 4: Testing and Validation 1. **U...

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[grammar] ~121-~121: Use correct spacing
Context: ...ent variables ### Phase 4: Testing and Validation 1. Unit Tests - Test Docker backend i...

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[grammar] ~124-~124: There might be a mistake here.
Context: ...Unit Tests - Test Docker backend implementation - Verify VM-to-container operation m...

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[grammar] ~125-~125: There might be a mistake here.
Context: ...n - Verify VM-to-container operation mapping - Test asset management integration ...

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[grammar] ~126-~126: There might be a mistake here.
Context: ...tion mapping - Test asset management integration 2. Integration Tests - Test complete ...

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[grammar] ~129-~129: There might be a mistake here.
Context: ...ts** - Test complete service startup sequence - Verify inter-service communication...

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[grammar] ~130-~130: There might be a mistake here.
Context: ...rtup sequence - Verify inter-service communication - Test "VM" (container) lifecycle op...

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[grammar] ~131-~131: There might be a mistake here.
Context: ...on - Test "VM" (container) lifecycle operations 3. End-to-End Tests - Deploy sample a...

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[grammar] ~134-~134: There might be a mistake here.
Context: ...ts** - Deploy sample applications as containers - Test port forwarding and networkin...

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[grammar] ~135-~135: There might be a mistake here.
Context: ...ontainers - Test port forwarding and networking - Verify metrics collection and bill...

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[grammar] ~136-~136: There might be a mistake here.
Context: ...king - Verify metrics collection and billing ## Directory Structure ``` go/deploy/ ├──...

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[grammar] ~138-~138: Use correct spacing
Context: ...cs collection and billing ## Directory Structure go/deploy/ ├── metald/internal/backend/docker/ │ ├── client.go # Docker backend implementation │ ├── types.go # Docker-specific types │ └── metrics.go # Docker metrics collection ├── Dockerfile.dev # Development container ├── docker-compose.dev.yml # Development compose file └── DOCKER_DEVELOPMENT_PLAN.md ## Key Implementation Details ### Docker ...

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[grammar] ~151-~151: Use correct spacing
Context: ...MENT_PLAN.md ``` ## Key Implementation Details ### Docker Backend Interface Mapping | Bac...

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[grammar] ~153-~153: Use correct spacing
Context: ...n Details ### Docker Backend Interface Mapping | Backend Method | Docker Operation | N...

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Context: ... stats` | Get resource usage statistics | ### Configuration Changes 1. **TLS Disable...

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[grammar] ~167-~167: Use correct spacing
Context: ...e usage statistics | ### Configuration Changes 1. TLS Disabled: All services use `TLS_M...

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[grammar] ~169-~169: Use correct spacing
Context: ...nges 1. TLS Disabled: All services use TLS_MODE=disabled 2. HTTP Endpoints: Change all inter-service U...

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[grammar] ~170-~170: There might be a mistake here.
Context: ...ge all inter-service URLs from HTTPS to HTTP 3. Docker Backend: Set `UNKEY_METALD_BACKEND=do...

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[grammar] ~171-~171: Use correct spacing
Context: ...om HTTPS to HTTP 3. Docker Backend: Set UNKEY_METALD_BACKEND=docker 4. Socket Mount: Mount `/var/run/docker.sock:/v...

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[grammar] ~172-~172: There might be a mistake here.
Context: ...LD_BACKEND=docker4. **Socket Mount**: Mount/var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock` ### systemd Service Modifications - **ass...

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[grammar] ~174-~174: Use correct spacing
Context: ...r/run/docker.sock` ### systemd Service Modifications - assetmanagerd: Run as root, local sto...

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[grammar] ~179-~179: There might be a problem here.
Context: ...metald: Run as root, Docker backend enabled ## Benefits 1. Production Parity: Uses exact same sy...

(QB_NEW_EN_MERGED_MATCH)


[style] ~183-~183: ‘exact same’ might be wordy. Consider a shorter alternative.
Context: ...enefits 1. Production Parity: Uses exact same systemd services and installation proce...

(EN_WORDINESS_PREMIUM_EXACT_SAME)


[grammar] ~186-~186: Use periods with abbreviations
Context: ...evelopment**: Instant container startup vs VM boot times 5. Easy Migration: Ca...

(QB_NEW_EN_OTHER_ERROR_IDS_34)


[grammar] ~187-~187: There might be a problem here.
Context: ... Can switch back to separate containers easily ## Usage ### Development Workflow ```bash # Build d...

(QB_NEW_EN_MERGED_MATCH)


[grammar] ~191-~191: Use correct spacing
Context: ...iners easily ## Usage ### Development Workflow bash # Build development container make docker-dev-build # Start all services make docker-dev-up # Create and boot a "VM" (actually a container) docker exec -it unkey-deploy-dev metald-cli create-and-boot # View logs docker logs -f unkey-deploy-dev journalctl -f # inside container # Stop services make docker-dev-down ### Integration with Existing Docker Compos...

(QB_NEW_EN_OTHER_ERROR_IDS_5)


[grammar] ~211-~211: Use correct spacing
Context: ...` ### Integration with Existing Docker Compose The development container will integrat...

(QB_NEW_EN_OTHER_ERROR_IDS_5)


[grammar] ~213-~213: There might be a problem here.
Context: ...velopment environment alongside the web services. ## Timeline - Phase 1: Docker backend implementatio...

(QB_NEW_EN_MERGED_MATCH)


[grammar] ~220-~220: Use correct spacing
Context: ...Phase 4*: Testing and validation (1-2 days) Total Estimated Time: 5-9 days ## Su...

(QB_NEW_EN_OTHER_ERROR_IDS_5)


[grammar] ~222-~222: Use correct spacing
Context: ...-2 days) Total Estimated Time: 5-9 days ## Success Criteria 1. ✅ All 4 services s...

(QB_NEW_EN_OTHER_ERROR_IDS_5)


[grammar] ~224-~224: Use correct spacing
Context: ... Estimated Time**: 5-9 days ## Success Criteria 1. ✅ All 4 services start successfully in ...

(QB_NEW_EN_OTHER_ERROR_IDS_5)


[grammar] ~226-~226: There might be a problem here.
Context: ... ✅ All 4 services start successfully in single container 2. ✅ Services communicate with each oth...

(QB_NEW_EN_MERGED_MATCH)


[grammar] ~227-~227: There might be a mistake here.
Context: ...rvices communicate with each other over HTTP 3. ✅ metald can create, boot, and manag...

(QB_NEW_EN_OTHER)


[grammar] ~228-~228: There might be a mistake here.
Context: ..., boot, and manage Docker containers as "VMs" 4. ✅ Asset management works with Docke...

(QB_NEW_EN_OTHER)


[grammar] ~229-~229: There might be a mistake here.
Context: ...4. ✅ Asset management works with Docker images 5. ✅ Port forwarding and networking fun...

(QB_NEW_EN_OTHER)


[grammar] ~230-~230: There might be a mistake here.
Context: ...Port forwarding and networking function correctly 6. ✅ Metrics collection and billing ope...

(QB_NEW_EN_OTHER)


[grammar] ~231-~231: There might be a mistake here.
Context: ... Metrics collection and billing operate properly 7. ✅ Integration with existing docker-c...

(QB_NEW_EN_OTHER)


[grammar] ~233-~233: There might be a problem here.
Context: .... ✅ Development workflow is faster than VM-based approach ## Future Enhancements 1. Hot Reload:...

(QB_NEW_EN_MERGED_MATCH)


[grammar] ~235-~235: Use correct spacing
Context: ...aster than VM-based approach ## Future Enhancements 1. Hot Reload: Automatic service restart...

(QB_NEW_EN_OTHER_ERROR_IDS_5)

🪛 markdownlint-cli2 (0.17.2)
go/deploy/DOCKER_DEVELOPMENT_PLAN.md

28-28: Fenced code blocks should have a language specified

(MD040, fenced-code-language)


42-42: Fenced code blocks should have a language specified

(MD040, fenced-code-language)


94-94: Fenced code blocks should be surrounded by blank lines

(MD031, blanks-around-fences)


140-140: Fenced code blocks should have a language specified

(MD040, fenced-code-language)


241-241: Files should end with a single newline character

(MD047, single-trailing-newline)

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🔇 Additional comments (4)
go/deploy/metald/internal/backend/docker/metrics.go (1)

17-324: Well-structured metrics collection implementation.

The metrics collector provides comprehensive monitoring capabilities with proper error handling, OpenTelemetry instrumentation, and clear separation of concerns. The AIDEV-NOTE effectively documents the key features.

go/deploy/metald/internal/backend/docker/types.go (1)

1-144: Clean type definitions with good abstraction.

The type structures provide a clean abstraction layer between VM concepts and Docker operations. The AIDEV-NOTE effectively explains the purpose of this abstraction.

go/deploy/metald/internal/backend/docker/client.go (2)

1-799: Increment service version number.

According to the coding guidelines, when a service's Go code changes significantly (as with this new Docker backend), the patch-level version number should be increased.

Please ensure the metald service version is incremented in the appropriate location.


28-791: Comprehensive Docker backend implementation.

The implementation provides a complete and well-structured Docker-based VM management system with excellent telemetry, error handling, and documentation. The AIDEV-NOTE effectively summarizes the key advantages.

Comment on lines +28 to +38
```
VM Operations → Docker Container Operations
├── CreateVM → docker create
├── BootVM → docker start
├── DeleteVM → docker rm
├── ShutdownVM → docker stop
├── PauseVM → docker pause
├── ResumeVM → docker unpause
├── RebootVM → docker restart
└── GetVMMetrics → docker stats
```
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🧹 Nitpick (assertive)

Specify language for fenced code blocks.

Add language identifiers to improve syntax highlighting and readability.

For the architecture diagrams, use:

-```
+```text
VM Operations → Docker Container Operations

For the bash environment configuration:

-```bash
+```bash
# Disable TLS for all services

For the directory structure:

-```
+```text
go/deploy/
├── metald/internal/backend/docker/

Also applies to: 42-50, 94-109, 140-149

🧰 Tools
🪛 markdownlint-cli2 (0.17.2)

28-28: Fenced code blocks should have a language specified

(MD040, fenced-code-language)

🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
In go/deploy/DOCKER_DEVELOPMENT_PLAN.md around lines 28 to 38 and also lines
42-50, 94-109, and 140-149, the fenced code blocks lack language identifiers.
Add appropriate language tags such as "text" for architecture diagrams and
directory structures, and "bash" for shell commands to improve syntax
highlighting and readability. For example, use ```text for diagrams and
directory listings, and ```bash for bash commands.

Comment on lines +151 to +166
## Key Implementation Details

### Docker Backend Interface Mapping

| Backend Method | Docker Operation | Notes |
|---------------|------------------|-------|
| `CreateVM()` | `docker create` | Convert VM config to container spec |
| `BootVM()` | `docker start` | Start container and configure networking |
| `DeleteVM()` | `docker rm -f` | Force remove container |
| `ShutdownVM()` | `docker stop` | Graceful shutdown with timeout |
| `PauseVM()` | `docker pause` | Pause container execution |
| `ResumeVM()` | `docker unpause` | Resume paused container |
| `RebootVM()` | `docker restart` | Restart container |
| `GetVMInfo()` | `docker inspect` | Get container state and config |
| `GetVMMetrics()` | `docker stats` | Get resource usage statistics |

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🧹 Nitpick (assertive)

Consider adding AIDEV-NOTE for implementation mapping.

This section contains critical implementation details that map VM operations to Docker commands. Consider adding an anchor comment to highlight this important reference.

## Key Implementation Details

+# AIDEV-NOTE: The following table defines the exact mapping between metald backend
+# interface methods and Docker operations. This is the authoritative reference for
+# how VM lifecycle operations translate to container commands.
### Docker Backend Interface Mapping
🧰 Tools
🪛 LanguageTool

[grammar] ~151-~151: Use correct spacing
Context: ...MENT_PLAN.md ``` ## Key Implementation Details ### Docker Backend Interface Mapping | Bac...

(QB_NEW_EN_OTHER_ERROR_IDS_5)


[grammar] ~153-~153: Use correct spacing
Context: ...n Details ### Docker Backend Interface Mapping | Backend Method | Docker Operation | N...

(QB_NEW_EN_OTHER_ERROR_IDS_5)


[grammar] ~165-~165: Use correct spacing
Context: ... stats` | Get resource usage statistics | ### Configuration Changes 1. **TLS Disable...

(QB_NEW_EN_OTHER_ERROR_IDS_5)

🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
In go/deploy/DOCKER_DEVELOPMENT_PLAN.md around lines 151 to 166, add an
AIDEV-NOTE or anchor comment above the "Docker Backend Interface Mapping"
section to clearly highlight this critical mapping of VM operations to Docker
commands as an important reference for developers. This will improve visibility
and emphasize the significance of this implementation detail.

2. **Debug Mode**: Enhanced logging and debugging capabilities
3. **Performance Monitoring**: Built-in observability stack
4. **Multi-tenancy**: Support for multiple development environments
5. **CI/CD Integration**: Automated testing and deployment No newline at end of file
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⚠️ Potential issue

Add newline at end of file.

Files must end with a single newline character according to the coding guidelines.

-5. **CI/CD Integration**: Automated testing and deployment
+5. **CI/CD Integration**: Automated testing and deployment
+
📝 Committable suggestion

‼️ IMPORTANT
Carefully review the code before committing. Ensure that it accurately replaces the highlighted code, contains no missing lines, and has no issues with indentation. Thoroughly test & benchmark the code to ensure it meets the requirements.

Suggested change
5. **CI/CD Integration**: Automated testing and deployment
5. **CI/CD Integration**: Automated testing and deployment
🧰 Tools
🪛 markdownlint-cli2 (0.17.2)

241-241: Files should end with a single newline character

(MD047, single-trailing-newline)

🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
In go/deploy/DOCKER_DEVELOPMENT_PLAN.md at line 241, the file is missing a
newline character at the end. Add a single newline character at the end of the
file to comply with coding guidelines.

Comment on lines +187 to +191
cpuDelta := float64(current.CPUStats.CPUUsage.TotalUsage - previous.CPUStats.CPUUsage.TotalUsage)

// Calculate system CPU delta
systemDelta := float64(current.CPUStats.SystemUsage - previous.CPUStats.SystemUsage)

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🧹 Nitpick (assertive)

Remove trailing whitespace.

Lines 188 and 191 have trailing whitespace that should be removed.

	// Calculate CPU delta
	cpuDelta := float64(current.CPUStats.CPUUsage.TotalUsage - previous.CPUStats.CPUUsage.TotalUsage)
-	
+
	// Calculate system CPU delta
	systemDelta := float64(current.CPUStats.SystemUsage - previous.CPUStats.SystemUsage)
-	
+
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Carefully review the code before committing. Ensure that it accurately replaces the highlighted code, contains no missing lines, and has no issues with indentation. Thoroughly test & benchmark the code to ensure it meets the requirements.

Suggested change
cpuDelta := float64(current.CPUStats.CPUUsage.TotalUsage - previous.CPUStats.CPUUsage.TotalUsage)
// Calculate system CPU delta
systemDelta := float64(current.CPUStats.SystemUsage - previous.CPUStats.SystemUsage)
// Calculate CPU delta
cpuDelta := float64(current.CPUStats.CPUUsage.TotalUsage - previous.CPUStats.CPUUsage.TotalUsage)
// Calculate system CPU delta
systemDelta := float64(current.CPUStats.SystemUsage - previous.CPUStats.SystemUsage)
🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
In go/deploy/metald/internal/backend/docker/metrics.go around lines 187 to 191,
remove the trailing whitespace characters at the end of lines 188 and 191 to
clean up the code formatting.

Comment on lines +104 to +114
func (dm *DockerMetrics) ToVMMetrics() *types.VMMetrics {
return &types.VMMetrics{
Timestamp: dm.Timestamp,
CpuTimeNanos: int64(dm.CPUUsagePercent * 1e9), // Convert percentage to nanoseconds approximation
MemoryUsageBytes: dm.MemoryUsageBytes,
DiskReadBytes: dm.BlockReadBytes,
DiskWriteBytes: dm.BlockWriteBytes,
NetworkRxBytes: dm.NetworkRxBytes,
NetworkTxBytes: dm.NetworkTxBytes,
}
}
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⚠️ Potential issue

Fix incorrect CPU metrics conversion.

Converting CPU usage percentage to nanoseconds is conceptually incorrect. CPU percentage represents utilization (0-100%), while CpuTimeNanos represents cumulative CPU time consumed. These are fundamentally different metrics.

The ToVMMetrics method should either:

  1. Return actual CPU time in nanoseconds if available from Docker stats
  2. Set CpuTimeNanos to a sentinel value (e.g., -1) to indicate it's not available
  3. Add a separate field for CPU percentage in the VMMetrics type

Consider this approach:

func (dm *DockerMetrics) ToVMMetrics() *types.VMMetrics {
	return &types.VMMetrics{
		Timestamp:        dm.Timestamp,
-		CpuTimeNanos:     int64(dm.CPUUsagePercent * 1e9), // Convert percentage to nanoseconds approximation
+		CpuTimeNanos:     -1, // CPU percentage cannot be converted to CPU time
		MemoryUsageBytes: dm.MemoryUsageBytes,
		DiskReadBytes:    dm.BlockReadBytes,
		DiskWriteBytes:   dm.BlockWriteBytes,
		NetworkRxBytes:   dm.NetworkRxBytes,
		NetworkTxBytes:   dm.NetworkTxBytes,
	}
}
📝 Committable suggestion

‼️ IMPORTANT
Carefully review the code before committing. Ensure that it accurately replaces the highlighted code, contains no missing lines, and has no issues with indentation. Thoroughly test & benchmark the code to ensure it meets the requirements.

Suggested change
func (dm *DockerMetrics) ToVMMetrics() *types.VMMetrics {
return &types.VMMetrics{
Timestamp: dm.Timestamp,
CpuTimeNanos: int64(dm.CPUUsagePercent * 1e9), // Convert percentage to nanoseconds approximation
MemoryUsageBytes: dm.MemoryUsageBytes,
DiskReadBytes: dm.BlockReadBytes,
DiskWriteBytes: dm.BlockWriteBytes,
NetworkRxBytes: dm.NetworkRxBytes,
NetworkTxBytes: dm.NetworkTxBytes,
}
}
func (dm *DockerMetrics) ToVMMetrics() *types.VMMetrics {
return &types.VMMetrics{
Timestamp: dm.Timestamp,
CpuTimeNanos: -1, // CPU percentage cannot be converted to CPU time
MemoryUsageBytes: dm.MemoryUsageBytes,
DiskReadBytes: dm.BlockReadBytes,
DiskWriteBytes: dm.BlockWriteBytes,
NetworkRxBytes: dm.NetworkRxBytes,
NetworkTxBytes: dm.NetworkTxBytes,
}
}
🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
In go/deploy/metald/internal/backend/docker/types.go lines 104 to 114, the
ToVMMetrics method incorrectly converts CPU usage percentage to CpuTimeNanos,
which is conceptually wrong. Fix this by either retrieving and returning the
actual CPU time in nanoseconds if available, or set CpuTimeNanos to a sentinel
value like -1 to indicate unavailability. Alternatively, add a separate field in
VMMetrics for CPU percentage and assign dm.CPUUsagePercent to it, removing the
incorrect conversion.

Comment on lines +519 to +579
func (d *DockerBackend) GetVMMetrics(ctx context.Context, vmID string) (*backendtypes.VMMetrics, error) {
ctx, span := d.tracer.Start(ctx, "metald.docker.get_vm_metrics",
trace.WithAttributes(attribute.String("vm_id", vmID)),
)
defer span.End()

d.mutex.RLock()
vm, exists := d.vmRegistry[vmID]
d.mutex.RUnlock()

if !exists {
err := fmt.Errorf("vm %s not found", vmID)
span.RecordError(err)
return nil, err
}

// Get container stats
stats, err := d.dockerClient.ContainerStats(ctx, vm.ContainerID, false)
if err != nil {
span.RecordError(err)
return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get container stats: %w", err)
}
defer stats.Body.Close()

// Parse stats
var dockerStats types.StatsJSON
if err := json.NewDecoder(stats.Body).Decode(&dockerStats); err != nil {
span.RecordError(err)
return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to decode container stats: %w", err)
}

// Convert to VM metrics
metrics := &backendtypes.VMMetrics{
Timestamp: time.Now(),
CpuTimeNanos: int64(dockerStats.CPUStats.CPUUsage.TotalUsage),
MemoryUsageBytes: int64(dockerStats.MemoryStats.Usage),
DiskReadBytes: 0, // TODO: Calculate from BlkioStats
DiskWriteBytes: 0, // TODO: Calculate from BlkioStats
NetworkRxBytes: 0, // TODO: Calculate from NetworkStats
NetworkTxBytes: 0, // TODO: Calculate from NetworkStats
}

// Calculate disk I/O
for _, blkio := range dockerStats.BlkioStats.IoServiceBytesRecursive {
if blkio.Op == "Read" {
metrics.DiskReadBytes += int64(blkio.Value)
} else if blkio.Op == "Write" {
metrics.DiskWriteBytes += int64(blkio.Value)
}
}

// Calculate network I/O
if dockerStats.Networks != nil {
for _, netStats := range dockerStats.Networks {
metrics.NetworkRxBytes += int64(netStats.RxBytes)
metrics.NetworkTxBytes += int64(netStats.TxBytes)
}
}

return metrics, nil
}
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🛠️ Refactor suggestion

⚠️ Potential issue

Remove outdated TODOs and use MetricsCollector to avoid duplication.

The TODO comments on lines 555-558 are misleading as the implementation exists below (lines 562-576). Additionally, this duplicates the metrics collection logic from metrics.go.

Refactor to use the MetricsCollector:

func (d *DockerBackend) GetVMMetrics(ctx context.Context, vmID string) (*backendtypes.VMMetrics, error) {
	ctx, span := d.tracer.Start(ctx, "metald.docker.get_vm_metrics",
		trace.WithAttributes(attribute.String("vm_id", vmID)),
	)
	defer span.End()

	d.mutex.RLock()
	vm, exists := d.vmRegistry[vmID]
	d.mutex.RUnlock()

	if !exists {
		err := fmt.Errorf("vm %s not found", vmID)
		span.RecordError(err)
		return nil, err
	}

-	// Get container stats
-	stats, err := d.dockerClient.ContainerStats(ctx, vm.ContainerID, false)
-	if err != nil {
-		span.RecordError(err)
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get container stats: %w", err)
-	}
-	defer stats.Body.Close()
-
-	// Parse stats
-	var dockerStats types.StatsJSON
-	if err := json.NewDecoder(stats.Body).Decode(&dockerStats); err != nil {
-		span.RecordError(err)
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to decode container stats: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Convert to VM metrics
-	metrics := &backendtypes.VMMetrics{
-		Timestamp:        time.Now(),
-		CpuTimeNanos:     int64(dockerStats.CPUStats.CPUUsage.TotalUsage),
-		MemoryUsageBytes: int64(dockerStats.MemoryStats.Usage),
-		DiskReadBytes:    0,  // TODO: Calculate from BlkioStats
-		DiskWriteBytes:   0,  // TODO: Calculate from BlkioStats
-		NetworkRxBytes:   0,  // TODO: Calculate from NetworkStats
-		NetworkTxBytes:   0,  // TODO: Calculate from NetworkStats
-	}
-
-	// Calculate disk I/O
-	for _, blkio := range dockerStats.BlkioStats.IoServiceBytesRecursive {
-		if blkio.Op == "Read" {
-			metrics.DiskReadBytes += int64(blkio.Value)
-		} else if blkio.Op == "Write" {
-			metrics.DiskWriteBytes += int64(blkio.Value)
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Calculate network I/O
-	if dockerStats.Networks != nil {
-		for _, netStats := range dockerStats.Networks {
-			metrics.NetworkRxBytes += int64(netStats.RxBytes)
-			metrics.NetworkTxBytes += int64(netStats.TxBytes)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return metrics, nil
+	// Use the MetricsCollector to avoid code duplication
+	collector := NewMetricsCollector(d.logger, d.dockerClient, d.tracer)
+	return collector.CollectMetrics(ctx, vm.ContainerID)
}
📝 Committable suggestion

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Carefully review the code before committing. Ensure that it accurately replaces the highlighted code, contains no missing lines, and has no issues with indentation. Thoroughly test & benchmark the code to ensure it meets the requirements.

Suggested change
func (d *DockerBackend) GetVMMetrics(ctx context.Context, vmID string) (*backendtypes.VMMetrics, error) {
ctx, span := d.tracer.Start(ctx, "metald.docker.get_vm_metrics",
trace.WithAttributes(attribute.String("vm_id", vmID)),
)
defer span.End()
d.mutex.RLock()
vm, exists := d.vmRegistry[vmID]
d.mutex.RUnlock()
if !exists {
err := fmt.Errorf("vm %s not found", vmID)
span.RecordError(err)
return nil, err
}
// Get container stats
stats, err := d.dockerClient.ContainerStats(ctx, vm.ContainerID, false)
if err != nil {
span.RecordError(err)
return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get container stats: %w", err)
}
defer stats.Body.Close()
// Parse stats
var dockerStats types.StatsJSON
if err := json.NewDecoder(stats.Body).Decode(&dockerStats); err != nil {
span.RecordError(err)
return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to decode container stats: %w", err)
}
// Convert to VM metrics
metrics := &backendtypes.VMMetrics{
Timestamp: time.Now(),
CpuTimeNanos: int64(dockerStats.CPUStats.CPUUsage.TotalUsage),
MemoryUsageBytes: int64(dockerStats.MemoryStats.Usage),
DiskReadBytes: 0, // TODO: Calculate from BlkioStats
DiskWriteBytes: 0, // TODO: Calculate from BlkioStats
NetworkRxBytes: 0, // TODO: Calculate from NetworkStats
NetworkTxBytes: 0, // TODO: Calculate from NetworkStats
}
// Calculate disk I/O
for _, blkio := range dockerStats.BlkioStats.IoServiceBytesRecursive {
if blkio.Op == "Read" {
metrics.DiskReadBytes += int64(blkio.Value)
} else if blkio.Op == "Write" {
metrics.DiskWriteBytes += int64(blkio.Value)
}
}
// Calculate network I/O
if dockerStats.Networks != nil {
for _, netStats := range dockerStats.Networks {
metrics.NetworkRxBytes += int64(netStats.RxBytes)
metrics.NetworkTxBytes += int64(netStats.TxBytes)
}
}
return metrics, nil
}
func (d *DockerBackend) GetVMMetrics(ctx context.Context, vmID string) (*backendtypes.VMMetrics, error) {
ctx, span := d.tracer.Start(ctx, "metald.docker.get_vm_metrics",
trace.WithAttributes(attribute.String("vm_id", vmID)),
)
defer span.End()
d.mutex.RLock()
vm, exists := d.vmRegistry[vmID]
d.mutex.RUnlock()
if !exists {
err := fmt.Errorf("vm %s not found", vmID)
span.RecordError(err)
return nil, err
}
// Use the MetricsCollector to avoid code duplication
collector := NewMetricsCollector(d.logger, d.dockerClient, d.tracer)
return collector.CollectMetrics(ctx, vm.ContainerID)
}
🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
In go/deploy/metald/internal/backend/docker/client.go between lines 519 and 579,
remove the outdated TODO comments about calculating disk and network metrics
since the actual calculation is implemented below. Refactor the method to use
the existing MetricsCollector from metrics.go instead of duplicating the logic
for disk and network I/O metrics collection. This involves replacing the manual
aggregation of BlkioStats and NetworkStats with calls to MetricsCollector
methods to gather these metrics, ensuring consistency and avoiding code
duplication.

Comment on lines +599 to +602
// generateVMID generates a unique VM ID
func (d *DockerBackend) generateVMID() string {
return fmt.Sprintf("vm-%d", time.Now().UnixNano())
}
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🧹 Nitpick (assertive)

Improve VM ID generation to avoid potential collisions.

Using timestamp alone for ID generation could theoretically result in collisions if multiple VMs are created in the same nanosecond.

Consider using a more robust ID generation:

+import (
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"encoding/hex"
+)

func (d *DockerBackend) generateVMID() string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("vm-%d", time.Now().UnixNano())
+	// Generate random bytes for uniqueness
+	bytes := make([]byte, 8)
+	if _, err := rand.Read(bytes); err != nil {
+		// Fallback to timestamp if random generation fails
+		return fmt.Sprintf("vm-%d", time.Now().UnixNano())
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("vm-%s", hex.EncodeToString(bytes))
}
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‼️ IMPORTANT
Carefully review the code before committing. Ensure that it accurately replaces the highlighted code, contains no missing lines, and has no issues with indentation. Thoroughly test & benchmark the code to ensure it meets the requirements.

Suggested change
// generateVMID generates a unique VM ID
func (d *DockerBackend) generateVMID() string {
return fmt.Sprintf("vm-%d", time.Now().UnixNano())
}
// Don’t forget to add these imports alongside your existing ones:
// "crypto/rand"
// "encoding/hex"
// generateVMID generates a unique VM ID
func (d *DockerBackend) generateVMID() string {
// Generate random bytes for uniqueness
bytes := make([]byte, 8)
if _, err := rand.Read(bytes); err != nil {
// Fallback to timestamp if random generation fails
return fmt.Sprintf("vm-%d", time.Now().UnixNano())
}
return fmt.Sprintf("vm-%s", hex.EncodeToString(bytes))
}
🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
In go/deploy/metald/internal/backend/docker/client.go around lines 599 to 602,
the generateVMID function currently creates VM IDs using only the current
timestamp in nanoseconds, which can lead to collisions if multiple VMs are
created simultaneously. To fix this, update the function to generate VM IDs
using a more robust method such as incorporating a UUID or a random component
alongside the timestamp to ensure uniqueness and avoid potential collisions.

@chronark chronark mentioned this pull request Jul 15, 2025
18 tasks
@chronark chronark merged commit bc104be into main Jul 16, 2025
44 of 47 checks passed
@chronark chronark deleted the 07-14-feat_docker_backend branch July 16, 2025 08:32
@coderabbitai coderabbitai bot mentioned this pull request Sep 15, 2025
18 tasks
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