Merge upstream changes

[pdobacz]

IMPORTANT: Merge with MERGE COMMIT!

This PR merges ~2 days of upstream changes into forks/monad_nine, our default branch.

I'm having this because I want to have our upstream contribution refactor(tests): Add fork parameter to Initcode generator out of the way before merging mip3 branch.

Also, upstream improvements and refactoring brought two issues to light:

• our G_STORAGE_UPDATE value should in Monad compound the same update as G_COLD_SLOAD, since these work in tandem in EELS
• EIP-7825 tests started running and failing for some reason, so I've cherry picked our fix Fix TX_MAX_GAS_LIMIT for monad forks which rectifies these tests (Monad adopts tx gas limit cap differently, but the tests can work for Monad as well with just a bit of config effort)

Opening as Draft because tests don't fill, but I want to see how the history works correctly now after #7 🎉

Ready for review

[greptile-apps]

Greptile Overview

Greptile Summary

This PR merges approximately 2 days of upstream changes into the forks/monad_nine branch. The merge brings important refactoring and improvements from upstream, while also addressing two critical issues specific to Monad:

Key Changes:

• G_STORAGE_UPDATE Fix: Correctly compounds G_STORAGE_UPDATE with +6000 to match G_COLD_SLOAD behavior in EELS, fixing storage operation gas costs for Monad forks
• TX_MAX_GAS_LIMIT Implementation: Sets transaction gas limit cap to 30M for Monad forks, adds validation in transaction processing, and updates EIP-7825 tests to run from MONAD_EIGHT instead of Osaka
• Upstream Refactoring: Migrates gas cost calculations throughout tests to use Op.gas_cost(fork) and bytecode.gas_cost(fork) methods instead of manual calculations
• Initcode Generator Enhancement: Adds fork parameter to Initcode generator (upstream contribution by this team) for proper fork-aware gas calculations
• Precompile Gas Constants: Expands and properly initializes all precompile gas constants including BLS12-381, P256VERIFY, and others

Test Updates:

• EIP-7825 tests now properly handle Monad's 30M gas limit cap
• EIP-7702 tests updated with correct gas calculations and max depth handling for 30M limit
• Multiple test markers updated to reflect Monad-specific behavior

The changes are well-structured and address the identified issues. The gas cost refactoring improves maintainability and correctness across fork-specific implementations.

Confidence Score: 5/5

• This PR is safe to merge with minimal risk
• The changes are well-structured and address specific issues identified through testing. The G_STORAGE_UPDATE fix correctly aligns with EELS behavior, the TX_MAX_GAS_LIMIT implementation is properly validated, and the upstream refactoring improves code quality by replacing manual gas calculations with fork-aware methods. All Monad-specific changes are isolated and clearly documented.
• No files require special attention

Important Files Changed

Filename	Overview
packages/testing/src/execution_testing/forks/forks/forks.py	Adds G_STORAGE_UPDATE + 6000 fix for Monad, implements transaction_gas_limit_cap method, refactors precompile gas constants into proper initialization
src/ethereum/forks/monad_eight/transactions.py	Adds TX_MAX_GAS_LIMIT constant (30M) and validation in validate_transaction, imports TransactionGasLimitExceededError
src/ethereum/forks/monad_next/transactions.py	Updates TX_MAX_GAS_LIMIT from 16_777_216 to 30_000_000 to match MONAD_EIGHT
src/ethereum/forks/monad_eight/exceptions.py	Adds TransactionGasLimitExceededError exception with clear documentation
tests/osaka/eip7825_transaction_gas_limit_cap/test_tx_gas_limit.py	Changes test markers from Osaka to MONAD_EIGHT, fixes gas cost calculations to use Op.gas_cost(fork) method, adds 30M gas limit case
packages/testing/src/execution_testing/tools/tools_code/generators.py	Adds fork parameter to Initcode generator, removes manual gas calculations in favor of Op.gas_cost(fork)

_{Last reviewed commit: 73657d7}

[pdobacz]

Ready for review. In case anyone approving wants to merge remember to make a merge commit to preserve upstream history