Unify airflow version handling into constants.py

[tatiana]

As part of supporting Airflow 3.0 and 3.1, we ended up adding very similar code in multiple places - this PR aims to simplify and clean it up.

Cosmos code base had logic similar to the following repeated in over 15 modules.

import airflow
from packaging.version import Version

AIRFLOW_VERSION = Version(airflow.__version__)

This PR refactors the code to define the AIRFLOW_VERSION in constants.py, to avoid duplication.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 97.81%. Comparing base (bfc2463) to head (42aa0e9).
⚠️ Report is 3 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #2089      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   97.81%   97.81%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files          92       92              
  Lines        5951     5944       -7     
==========================================
- Hits         5821     5814       -7     
  Misses        130      130              

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[Copilot]

Pull Request Overview

This PR consolidates Airflow version handling by moving the AIRFLOW_VERSION definition from 15+ individual modules into cosmos/constants.py, eliminating code duplication and improving maintainability.

Key Changes:

• Added AIRFLOW_VERSION definition to cosmos/constants.py
• Replaced local AIRFLOW_VERSION definitions with imports from cosmos.constants
• Standardized version comparison imports to use packaging.version.Version

Reviewed Changes

Copilot reviewed 16 out of 16 changed files in this pull request and generated 1 comment.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
cosmos/constants.py	Added centralized AIRFLOW_VERSION definition
cosmos/plugin/airflow3.py	Added explanatory comment about local version computation for testing purposes
cosmos/operators/local.py	Moved airflow_version import to where it's actually needed in error message
cosmos/operators/watcher.py	Removed local version definition, now imports from constants
cosmos/operators/_asynchronous/bigquery.py	Removed local version definition, now imports from constants
cosmos/listeners/dag_run_listener.py	Updated to use centralized version and simplified version access
cosmos/core/graph/entities.py	Removed local version definition, now imports from constants
tests/utils.py	Removed local version definition, now imports from constants
tests/test_log.py	Removed unused local version definition
tests/test_example_dags.py	Removed local version definition, now imports from constants
tests/test_async_example_dag.py	Removed unused local version definition
tests/operators/test_virtualenv.py	Removed local version definition, now imports from constants
tests/operators/_asynchronous/test_base.py	Removed local version definition, now imports from constants
tests/listeners/test_dag_run_listener.py	Updated to use centralized version and standardized Version import
tests/dbt/test_graph.py	Removed local version definition, now imports from constants
tests/conftest.py	Removed local version definition, now imports from constants

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