Release tooling: Defer version bumping to the publish step

[JReinhold]

I will manually cherry-pick this back to main in follow-up PR

What I did

This PR changes the release flow to defer the actual version bump to the publish step instead of when preparing the release PRs. This makes it possible to run CI on the release PRs. It will still calculate the version bump up front.

The release:version script now take two additional flags:

• --deferred: This will keep the same bumping logic, except instead of bumping the versions in all the packages it will simply set a "deferredNextVersion" property in code/package.json and exit.
• --apply: This will apply the version set at "deferredNextVersion", by actually bumping all the package's versions as usual. It's invalid to use this flag with --release-type or --pre-id, since --apply will not do any increment calculation.

The release preparation workflows then uses --deferred to set the deferred version.
The publish workflow will look for the "deferredNextVersion" and if it is set, it will run release:version with --apply and commit the changes. It will not be set in cases where patch releases don't contain any releasable changes.

This deferred workflow doesn't make much sense to run locally, and it's not necessary to do so, but it can be if you want to.

How to test

• cd scripts
• yarn release:version --release-type preminor --pre-id test
• See that "deferredNextVersion" is not set in code/package.json
• yarn release:version --apply
• See that all packages have been bumped and that "deferredNextVersion" is removed again

Checklist

• Make sure your changes are tested (stories and/or unit, integration, or end-to-end tests)
• Make sure to add/update documentation regarding your changes
• If you are deprecating/removing a feature, make sure to update
  MIGRATION.MD

Maintainers

• If this PR should be tested against many or all sandboxes,
  make sure to add the ci:merged or ci:daily GH label to it.
• Make sure this PR contains one of the labels below.

["cleanup", "BREAKING CHANGE", "feature request", "bug", "documentation", "maintenance", "dependencies", "other"]

[shilman]

Great work @JReinhold 🙌 Looks great

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