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css: parse ::details-content and ::picker() like ::part() - #45504

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@robobun

@robobun robobun commented Oct 16, 2026 •

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Problem

  • bun build fails on ::picker(select):popover-open and ::details-content::before with error: Invalid selector. Invalid pseudo-class after pseudo-element. ::picker(select):is(:popover-open) builds as ::picker(select):is(), which matches nothing. 1.4.0 built all three.
  • css: recognize ::details-content, ::picker(), ::checkmark and ::picker-icon #41122 made the names known. parse_compound_selector (src/css/selectors/parser.rs:786) gives a known pseudo-element the strict state of ::before.

Fix

Background

  • SelectorParsingState is the bit set the parser fills while it reads a selector. Gates test it to decide what can follow.
  • ::details-content is element-backed in css-pseudo-4: any pseudo-class or pseudo-element can follow it. ::picker() is part-like by CSSWG resolution ([css-ui] Pseudo-element for select's UA popover w3c/csswg-drafts#10758).
  • lightningcss keeps both strict, and its author declined ::picker(). A maintainer must confirm the ::picker() arm.
  • Considered an exception flag at the three gates: it keeps the strict bit and adds a state bit.

Downsides

  • ::picker(select) option and ::checkmark:checked built with a warning on 1.4.0 and stay errors. Chrome drops them.
  • Structural and unknown pseudo-classes after the two names now pass through, as after ::part(). Chrome drops them.
  • parse_selector instructions per selector (qemu, main vs PR): .c 407 -> 408, .c::before 597 -> 598. Release text: -256 bytes.
Notes

Origin. No tracker issue reports the refusal. A fuzz run found it and a maintainer chat thread carried the report. Related to #41120 (the warning for these names) and #41122 (made them known, shipped in 1.4.1). The report asked for an exception for four names. This PR changes two: ::checkmark and ::picker-icon are fully styleable pseudo-elements in css-forms-1, not element-backed.

The ::picker() question. css-pseudo-4 does not mention ::picker(), and css-forms-1 does not call it element-backed yet. The basis is the resolution in w3c/csswg-drafts#10758 ("::picker(select) is a part-like pseudo-element") and the one in w3c/csswg-drafts#10775 ("don't create a special exception to not parse :popover-open on ::picker(select)"). #10775 is still open on whether it matches. Blink and Gecko parse it like ::part(). WebKit takes only user-action pseudo-classes after it. The lightningcss author wrote on ::picker(select):not(:popover-open): "I don't see anything in the spec that says this is valid, and it violates the usual rules of CSS." Bun differs here because 1.4.0 built these sheets. If the answer is no, parses_as_element_backed() keeps DetailsContent only.

Versions (bun build, Chrome 153.0.8010.52 CSSStyleSheet.replaceSync):

Selector 1.4.0 main PR Chrome
::picker(select):popover-open builds exit 1 builds keeps
details::details-content::before builds exit 1 builds keeps
::picker(select):is(:popover-open) builds empty :is() builds keeps
::part(x):dir(rtl), :lang(en), :state(y) exit 1 exit 1 builds (new) keeps
::checkmark:checked, ::picker-icon:disabled builds exit 1 exit 1 drops
::picker(select) option, ::details-content > *, ::picker(select).x builds exit 1 exit 1 drops
::slotted(x)::details-content:open exit 1 exit 1 exit 1 keeps
::before::marker, ::selection:window-inactive exit 1 exit 1 exit 1 keeps

Every "builds" cell of 1.4.0 came with the Unsupported pseudo-class or pseudo-element warning.

Not fixed here. Each of these fails the same on 1.4.0:

  • ::marker after ::before and ::after. css: accept ::marker directly after ::before and ::after #45810 adds it, and the two PRs merge with 0 conflicts.
  • :window-inactive outside ::-webkit-scrollbar*.
  • A pseudo-class after ::slotted(x)::details-content, ::slotted(x)::picker() and ::slotted(x)::file-selector-button. Servo refuses these too.
  • A forgiving list (:is(), :where(), :-webkit-any(), :-moz-any(), both @scope lists) still drops what the parser refuses, with exit 0 and no diagnostic. ::selection:is(:window-inactive) prints ::selection:is().
  • A selector error still fails the whole build where a browser drops one rule. The new ERROR: rows are the first live tests of that for these gates. Whether the gates warn and keep the rule is a separate decision.

Taken from Servo. Only the AFTER_PART_LIKE state and the after_part parameter of the selectors crate (servo/stylo@a6101dbd6e, servo/stylo@f9599dc750). parcel-bundler/lightningcss#1308 ports the same model and is not merged. In CSS modules, :global() and :local() after ::part() and the two names stay an error: .a::part(x):global(.g) would print .a::part(x).g.

Considered.

Overlaps.

Measurements (release builds of 116dd64 and of 116dd64 with this diff):

  • parse_selector instructions per selector (qemu, main vs PR): .c 407 -> 408, .c:hover 629 -> 630, .c::before 597 -> 598, .c::before:hover 811 -> 812
  • parse_selector: 20,711 bytes, 4,296 instructions (main 20,775, 4,313). Release text: -256 bytes.
  • SelectorParsingState: 11 of 16 bits, 2 bytes (main 11, 2). SelectorFlags: 3 flags (main 3).
  • allocator calls per selector (main vs PR): .c 5.19 -> 5.19, .c:hover 5.18 -> 5.18, .c::before 5.16 -> 5.16. Per kept :is() argument: +1.99.
  • Chrome 153 matrix (162): fails 8 (main 60), dropped arguments 1 (main 8), lenient 26 (main 15). 59 probes: fails 8 (main 16). Built before and now fail: 0.
  • 15 fixtures: 15 of 15 byte-identical, 0 warnings (main 0). css: parse :state(), ::highlight(), four css-pseudo-4 pseudo-elements, @position-try and @font-feature-values #42918: 1 hunk fails to apply, 5 variants to classify.

"fails" counts rules that Chrome keeps and bun build refuses. "lenient" counts rules that Chrome drops and bun build prints. The 11 newly lenient rows are :first-child, :only-child, :first-of-type, :root, :empty, :scope, :host, :unknown-thing and :unknown-fn(x) after ::picker(select), and ::details-content:first-child and ::details-content::before:hover.

Tests.

  • Debug build: the three changed files, 1431 pass. test/bundler/css, test/js/bun/css and test/bundler/esbuild/css.test.ts: 2851 pass, 4 fail. The 4 are the css-fuzz.test.ts tests, which pass their 5 s and 10 s limits only on a release build.
  • Release build of this diff: the same suites and two CSS regression files, 2860 pass, 0 fail. test/bake/dev/css.test.ts: 15 pass.
  • Release build of main: 60 tests in the three changed files fail (56, 3 and 1).
  • The self-review removed two things from the first draft: a rule that let a pseudo-class follow ::slotted(x)::details-content, and the deletion of SelectorFlags::HAS_SLOTTED and HAS_PART. It also asked for a short note on css: the pseudo-element table trails lightningcss, so ::details-content, ::picker(), ::checkmark and the carousel selectors warn as invalid #41120 for the users who follow that issue. I did not post one.

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coderabbitai Bot commented Oct 16, 2026 •

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Review in Change Stack →

No actionable comments were generated in the recent review. 🎉

ℹ️ Recent review info
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  • Configuration used: Repository: oven-sh/bun/.coderabbit.yaml
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📥 Commits

Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between ff8ad61 and 405ee89.

📒 Files selected for processing: 4
  • src/css/selectors/parser.rs
  • test/bundler/css/css-modules.test.ts
  • test/bundler/css/forms-pseudo-elements-41120.test.ts
  • test/js/bun/css/css.test.ts

Included review availability: This review used your included allowance. Your plan provides up to 10 included reviews per hour; 0 remain after this review.

Walkthrough

Selector parsing now treats ::part(), ::picker(), and ::details-content as part-like pseudo-elements. It permits specified pseudo-class and pseudo-element continuations while rejecting other selector continuations. Tests cover parsing, CSS Modules, prefixing, and bundler output.

Changes

Selector parsing

Layer / File(s) Summary
Pseudo-element states and continuation rules
src/css/selectors/parser.rs
The parser tracks any pseudo-element and classifies ::part() and element-backed pseudo-elements as part-like. It applies continuation restrictions and rejects :local() and :global() after a part-like pseudo-element.
Selector parsing and CSS Modules tests
test/js/bun/css/css.test.ts, test/bundler/css/css-modules.test.ts
Tests cover allowed and rejected continuations, functional pseudo-classes after ::part(), CSS Modules selectors, and Chrome 100 prefixing.
Bundler and CLI output tests
test/bundler/css/forms-pseudo-elements-41120.test.ts
Tests check API and CLI build output, lowered nested CSS, and rebuilt output.

Suggested reviewers: jarred-sumner

Priority: ➖ Normal

Merge Risk: ⚪ Minimal · up to 405ee

No actionable merge-blocking risk is identified; the change is mergeable after normal checks.

Pre-merge checks: Passed 4
Check name Status Explanation
Linked Issues check Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Out of Scope Changes check Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Title check Passed The title clearly and concisely describes the main change: parsing ::details-content and ::picker() like ::part().
Description check Passed The description explains the problem, fix, scope, compatibility considerations, and verification results. It does not use the exact template headings, but it provides the required information in equiv…
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Explanation

The description explains the problem, fix, scope, compatibility considerations, and verification results. It does not use the exact template headings, but it provides the required information in equivalent sections.

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@robobun

robobun commented Oct 16, 2026 •

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Updated 6:05 AM PT - Oct 17th, 2026

❌ @robobun, your commit ec19fa5 has 1 failures in Build #127364 (All Failures):


🧪   To try this PR locally:

bunx bun-pr 45504

That installs a local version of the PR into your bun-45504 executable, so you can run:

bun-45504 --bun

@robobun

robobun commented Oct 16, 2026 •

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Status: landed on main in #47025 (7942008). This PR is closed.

How I reproduced it

printf '::picker(select):popover-open { opacity: 1 }\n' > a.css && bun build ./a.css
printf '::picker(select):is(:popover-open) { opacity: 1 }\n' > b.css && bun build ./b.css
printf 'details::details-content::before { content: "" }\n' > c.css && bun build ./c.css
  • 1.4.1, 1.4.3 and a release build of main before css: consolidate the open CSS parser fixes #47025: a.css and c.css exit 1 (Invalid selector. Invalid pseudo-class after pseudo-element, Token is not allowed in this state). b.css exits 0 and prints ::picker(select):is().
  • 1.4.0: all three build as written, with an Unsupported pseudo-class or pseudo-element warning.
  • main at 7942008: all three build, with no warning. b.css prints ::picker(select):popover-open.

PR: #45504

@claude claude Bot left a comment

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Nothing blocking. The comments below are optional suggestions. There is no need to push a fix for them before merging.

Beyond the inline findings, I also checked the AFTER_UNKNOWN_PSEUDO_ELEMENT -> HAS_PSEUDO_ELEMENT rework: the old bit's only reader was the SelectorFlags::HAS_PSEUDO computation in parse_selector, and the new bit is set on every Impl::PseudoElement result (known or unknown), so that flag is computed identically. SelectorFlags::HAS_PART is now also set for ::details-content/::picker(), but nothing in src/ reads it today.

Extended reasoning...

The change is confined to src/css/selectors/parser.rs plus tests, reworking the selector-parsing state bitflags so two known pseudo-elements take the ::part() state and loosening the functional-pseudo-class gate after it; it touches no security-sensitive surface. Three inline findings were posted, so a human look is already signalled; this note only records the bitflag rename and the HAS_PART/HAS_PSEUDO consumers I traced and found behavior-preserving.

Additional findings (outside the current diff — GitHub can't attach inline comments there):

  • 🟡 src/css/selectors/parser.rs — Users who write ::picker(select):first-child, ::details-content:root, :empty, :scope or :host after the two names now get a built rule that no browser matches, where 1.4.1 failed the build. In AFTER_PART_LIKE state parse_simple_pseudo_class skips the tree-structural match at src/css/selectors/parser.rs:3699 and falls to parse_non_ts_pseudo_class at parser.rs:3725, which returns PseudoClass::Custom with no warning. The sibling :nth-child(2) is still rejected at parser.rs:3756, so the leniency is inconsistent. Fix: after a part-like pseudo-element, tree-structural names must either be rejected like :nth-child() or at least warn, by checking allows_tree_structural_pseudo_classes before the Custom fallback for those names. [also at: src/css/selectors/parser.rs:3656 - Users of bun build who write ::picker(select):has(:popover-open) or ::details-content:has(:hover) now get a bundle containing a rule Chrome drops, with no diagnostic, where the base branch failed the build. parse_has at src/css/selectors/parser.rs:3656 has no state gate and copies AFTER_PART_LIKE into child_state at parser.rs:3852, and parser.rs:3733 only restricts pseudo-classes under AFTER_PSEUDO_ELEMENT, so the argument parses.]

    Why this was flagged

    Trigger: a stylesheet containing ::picker(select):first-child {} or ::details-content:host {} run through bun build or Bun.build. parse_compound_selector at src/css/selectors/parser.rs:787-788 now sets AFTER_PART_LIKE for these names, so allows_tree_structural_pseudo_classes (parser.rs:2678) is false and the first-child/root/empty/scope/host arms at parser.rs:3700-3714 are skipped. The name then reaches parse_non_ts_pseudo_class at parser.rs:3725; lookup_non_ts_pseudo_class (parser.rs:1453) has no such entry, so parser.rs:1333 returns PseudoClass::Custom silently. The selector prints verbatim and the rule is emitted; Chrome drops it. On the base branch these inputs failed the build with InvalidPseudoClassAfterPseudoElement, so a typo or misuse that was caught in 1.4.1 is now shipped silently. The :nth-child() rejection at parser.rs:3756 shows a safeguard exists for siblings but not here. Remedy: in AFTER_PART_LIKE state, reject or warn on tree-structural non-functional names rather than mapping them to Custom.

    Verification: parse_compound_selector in src/css/selectors/parser.rs (lines 786-791) now inserts AFTER_PART_LIKE for these names. In parse_simple_pseudo_class the first-child/root/empty/scope/host arms at lines 3699-3715 are skipped. Control falls to line 3725, where line 1333 returns PseudoClass::Custom { name } with no diagnostic. By contrast :nth-child(2) is rejected at line 3756.

Comment thread src/css/selectors/parser.rs
Comment thread src/css/selectors/parser.rs
@robobun

robobun commented Oct 16, 2026

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Thanks. My answers to the three findings:

Structural pseudo-classes and :has() after the two names. This is on purpose. It is the second Downsides bullet. The two names now take the path that ::part() takes on main, where ::part(x):first-child and ::part(x):has(:hover) build (also on 1.4.0). css-pseudo-4 says these pseudo-classes are syntactically allowed after an element-backed pseudo-element and never match. 1.4.0 built ::picker(select):first-child too. A refusal for every part-like pseudo-element stops ::part() sheets that build today. A refusal for the two names only needs a state bit that tells them from ::part(), and this PR adds no bit. :nth-child() after ::part() is an error on main, and I did not change that here.

:global(.a::part(x)).b. Confirmed on 1.4.0 and on main: it prints .a::part(x).b_hash with exit 0. This PR does not cause it, and #45487 reworks those two arms, so it is now a separate task.

:global(:hover) after ::part(x). This is an error on 1.4.0 and on main with the same message, so nothing that built stops building. A narrower guard has to parse the argument and walk its components. :global() with only pseudo-classes has no name to make global, so I kept the simple guard.

#41122 made `::details-content` and `::picker()` known pseudo-elements.
A known pseudo-element gets the strict state of `::before`: only a user
action pseudo-class can follow it. `::picker(select):popover-open` and
`::details-content::before` failed the build, and
`::picker(select):is(:popover-open)` lost its argument with no
diagnostic. 1.4.0 built all three.

The two names now set the parsing state that `::part()` sets, so any
pseudo-class or pseudo-element can follow them. `::details-content` is
an element-backed pseudo-element in css-pseudo-4. `::picker()` is
part-like by CSSWG resolution (w3c/csswg-drafts#10758). lightningcss
keeps both strict.

That state now accepts a functional pseudo-class, so
`::part(x):dir(rtl)` parses. `::checkmark` and `::picker-icon` stay
strict.
@robobun
robobun force-pushed the robobun/47fe6f38/css-element-backed-pseudo-elements branch from 42fb255 to 405ee89 Compare October 17, 2026 06:44
Comment thread src/css/selectors/parser.rs Outdated
Comment thread src/css/selectors/parser.rs Outdated
Comment thread src/css/selectors/parser.rs Outdated
Comment thread src/css/selectors/parser.rs Outdated
Comment thread src/css/selectors/parser.rs Outdated

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Code review found no issues

No high-confidence issues detected in this change.

@robobun

robobun commented Oct 18, 2026

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::marker after ::before and ::after, the first row under "Not fixed here", is now in #45810.

  • The two PRs merge with 0 conflicts in either order.
  • With both merged, ::details-content::before::marker and ::picker(select)::before::marker build with no further change.
  • Neither PR tests those two rows, because each needs the other. The PR that lands second adds them.

Jarred-Sumner added a commit that referenced this pull request Oct 27, 2026
### What does this PR do?

Consolidates the open pull requests on the CSS parser (`src/css`:
parsing, minifying, lowering, printing, CSS modules) into one.

179 open pull requests were in scope. Each was judged by one rule: **the
output must mean to a browser what the input meant.** Every claim was
run through a build of `main`, a build with the change, lightningcss
1.33 and Chromium 156 (CSSOM, computed values, painted pixels for colors
and gradients), and counted against 10,116 real stylesheets: the
published CSS of about 190 popular npm packages, plus stylesheets from
open source repositories. 107 land here, whole or in part, most of them
cut down. The source diff is net negative.

Of the 10,116, 9,509 are stylesheets that someone ships. The rest are
test fixtures of other tools (521), Tailwind v4 source that needs its
plugin (59) and SCSS, PostCSS or template source (27).

| 9,509 shipped stylesheets | `main` | this branch |
|---|---|---|
| fail to build | 71 | 35 |
| ... of those, valid CSS that Bun rejects | | 0 |
| minified output reads differently in Chromium than the input | 552 | 2
|
| CSS modules with a name that is referenced but not defined, or
exported but not defined | 166 | 0 |

| all 10,116 | `main` | this branch |
|---|---|---|
| fail to build | 192 | 141 |
| minified output reads differently in Chromium than the input | 593 |
15 |
| build on `main`, fail here | | 0 |
| right on `main`, wrong here (minified, and at the default targets) | |
0 |
| size of the minified output, no targets | 162.32 MB | 162.47 MB
(+0.093%) |
| size of the output at the default targets | 224.1 MB | 210.2 MB
(-6.2%) |

A syntax error is a build error, with one exception: the IE star hack
`*zoom: 1` is skipped, because tachyons and handsontable ship it. The 35
shipped stylesheets that fail are invalid CSS: 28 have a selector that
Chromium drops (semantic-ui-css, swiper, @ionic/core, Adobe Spectrum,
xp.css), 2 an `@import` after other rules, and one each `@supports not X
and Y`, a nested `@keyframes`, a stray comma, a selector list in
`::slotted()`, `@media screen\0` (govuk-frontend). The 2 that read
differently fold a `color-mix()` inside a gradient (see the known gaps).

The growth of the minified output is rules and declarations that `main`
deleted by mistake: 87 KB of rules, 45 KB of prefixed declarations that
only browser targets can rule out.

#### Popular CSS that `main` breaks today

- normalize.css, modern-normalize, sanitize.css: `font-family:
monospace, monospace` is collapsed to `monospace`, which changes the
font size from 16px to 13px (#46662).
- CKEditor 5, Tabler, Carbon, VitePress, Ionic, PatternFly, Excalidraw:
a rule of custom properties is deleted as a "duplicate" of a later rule
with the same selector and other custom properties. 37 stylesheets lose
1,681 custom properties (#33684).
- Material Components, daisyUI, DocSearch, plyr: a `var()` size loses to
its own fallback (#42101).
- nextra, daisyUI, CKEditor: declarations written after a nested rule
are moved above it (#45462).
- antd 4, purecss, govuk-frontend: browser hacks in selector lists start
to apply everywhere (#42100).
- foundation-sites, flatpickr, 98.css, blueprintjs, scalar,
react-datepicker: the build fails on valid CSS (#46756, #38552, #38534).
tachyons, handsontable: it fails on the IE star hack (#46751).
- nodejs.org, Mantine: a CSS module exports classes that no rule
defines, because the `@apply` or `@mixin` in them is moved out of the
rule (#46759).
- hint.css and 42 more: `z-index: 1000001` and `1000000` become the same
number (#46715).
- Adobe Spectrum: `--version: 5.0.1` prints as `5.1`.
- A quarter of all stylesheets: minified output has a stray space in
`align-items: center` (#41993).

#### Behavior changes to look at first

1. **`light-dark()` is kept as written at the default browser targets**
(#42009). The lowered form `var(--buncss-light, a) var(--buncss-dark,
b)` is invalid unless a compiled `color-scheme` covers the element: 184
of the 215 real stylesheets that get it never define the variable, so
every browser drops the declaration. The docs section on the polyfill is
removed.
2. **`border` is not built from longhands** (#42072):
`border-width:0;border-style:solid;border-color:red` stays three
declarations, because `border` also resets `border-image`. 305 real
stylesheets grow by 30 KB in total; `bootstrap.min.css` by 113 bytes, 5
gzipped. No real stylesheet was found where the old merge shows, so this
is the one to drop if size matters more. 14 existing expectations
change.
3. **A CSS module no longer exports names that only occur inside
`:global(...)`** (#45487). 73 real modules lose 202 export keys, all of
them names that no rule has. `import { g }` or `composes: g` of such a
name becomes a build error.
4. **Container names and `@counter-style` names stay global in a CSS
module** (#45247 by @mikamikasuki). `main` hashes the `@container` name
but not `container-name`, so a named query never matches.
postcss-modules (Vite, css-loader, Next.js) keeps them global;
lightningcss and esbuild hash both. Global keeps a container that is
queried from another file or from JS working.
5. **Syntax errors are build errors, also two that `main` lets
through**: a media query that stops short (`@media screen and {`,
`@media not {`, `@import "a.css" screen and;`) and `@media (width <) foo
{`. No stylesheet of the 10,116 has either. A condition that is valid by
the grammar though no browser knows it, `( ... )` or `fn( ... )`, is
kept as written (#46756): `(min-width:0\0)`, `(not(hover))`.
6. **Declarations after a nested rule stay where they were written**, as
a nested declarations rule (#45462). Changes the output of 199 real
stylesheets; in a fuzz of 2,850 nested programs compared by computed
style, `main` was wrong in 1,056 and the pull request's code, before it
was trimmed here, in none.
7. **`Bun.color`**: `color()` inputs are converted instead of returned
as a string (`Bun.color("color(srgb 1 0 0)", "hex")` was `"color(srgb 1
0 0)"`); `currentColor`, system colors and `light-dark()` give `null` in
the converting formats instead of the keyword as a string; a relative
color or `color-mix()` outside sRGB is clipped, not gamut-mapped
(`hsl(from oklch(100% .399 336.3) h s l)` is `#ff5bff`, was `#fff`).
8. The `:-moz-any()` and `:-webkit-any()` copies of rules with `:is()`
are gone at the default targets (#45945, #42029). The `:-webkit-any()`
copy outranked the original rule: `.title{color:blue}
:is(h1,h2,h3){color:red}` painted red. 5.8% of all default-target output
was the `:-moz-any()` copies.
9. `Property` grows from 216 to 224 bytes: `Url` stores its text as a
slice so that two `url()` values can be compared (#46895). The pull
request packed a pointer and a `u32` behind `unsafe` to avoid that.

#### Not in this PR, needs a decision

- **Raise the default browser targets (#40369) and add a `cssTarget`
option (#40368).** Today: Chrome 80, Edge 80, Firefox 78, Safari 14,
Opera 67, and no public way to change them. At Vite 8's floor the output
of the 9,924 stylesheets is 15.3% smaller (3.9% gzipped). About a dozen
fixes here only matter at today's floor, and code for older targets is
unreachable without the option.
- Vendor prefixes for `user-select`, `appearance`, `hyphens` and five
more (#45814): 1,116 real stylesheets lack a prefix they need at the
default targets. And for `backdrop-filter` (#44648): 173.
- Clip instead of gamut-map in the sRGB fallback of a plain wide-gamut
color: deletes about 90 lines, changes every pinned fallback hex. If the
mapping stays, #44647 by @oddharsh makes it closer to what browsers
paint (colors off by 2/255 or more: 168 to 110 of 3,170 real ones).

#### Changes

**Rules: duplicates, merging, nesting, fallbacks**

- The `:-moz-any()` copy of every rule with `:is()` or `:not(a, b)` is
gone: Firefox 78 has `:is()` (#45945). 1,164 real stylesheets
- Keep declarations written after a nested rule in place with a nested
declarations rule (#45462). 379 real stylesheets
- With nesting compiled away, an unknown at-rule inside a style rule was
moved out of it: `.wrapper{@apply flex}` printed a bare `@apply flex;`
and the rule was gone, so a CSS module exported a class that no rule
defines. It now stays in a block under the compiled selector. 72 real
modules with Tailwind's `@apply`, 25 with Mantine's `@mixin` (#46759).
316 real stylesheets
- Keep !important in the rules generated for logical properties and
color-scheme (#38597). 311 real stylesheets
- With browser targets, remove an earlier duplicate rule only when its
declaration block is equal (#46861). 171 real stylesheets
- Compare custom property names in `PropertyId` equality and importance
in duplicate-rule detection (#33684). 40 real stylesheets
- Keep same-condition @supports rules and empty named @layer blocks
(#46733). 31 real stylesheets
- Keep target-added vendor prefix passes on cloned and re-minified
rules, and never print a bare `:full-screen` (#43339). 12 real
stylesheets
- Keep the selectors on rules added for color fallbacks and logical
properties (#43240). 3 real stylesheets
- A later declaration of a property drops the `@supports` color copies
of the earlier one, which printed after the rule and won (#45560). 2
real stylesheets
- Do not merge style rules in a stylesheet that holds `revert-rule`
(#46953). 1 real stylesheets
- `@import ... supports(-webkit-mask: none)` kept its prefix (#38589)

**Properties and shorthands**

- Print align-items:center without a stray space when no safe/unsafe
keyword is given (#41993). 3,317 real stylesheets
- Emit the physical longhands instead of the inset shorthand for targets
without it (#38583). 1,452 real stylesheets
- Keep the stops of an upward gradient as written, and drop a `50%` hint
only at the midpoint (#46790). 104 real stylesheets
- Emit unparsed border-block-* declarations when compiling logical
borders (#38582). 89 real stylesheets
- Keep repeated font families and dedupe only the inserted system-ui
fallbacks (#46662). 88 real stylesheets
- A `width` / `height` / `min-*` / `max-*` with `var()` or `env()` was
printed before the plain fallback written above it, so the fallback won
(#42101). 26 real stylesheets
- Keep box-orient and box-direction when flex-direction or flex-flow
follows (#45672). 16 real stylesheets
- Write held prefixed background declarations at every flush (#46882). 6
real stylesheets
- Derive equality for Size2D and BorderRadius, and keep every prefix in
the border-radius handler (#45665). 2 real stylesheets
- Print `none` instead of an empty border-image, mask-border or
mask-box-image value (#45143). 2 real stylesheets
- Keep font/transition sub-properties on the side of the shorthand they
were written on (#41990). 2 real stylesheets
- CSS-wide keywords are not names: `font:12px Arial;font-family:inherit`
printed `font:12px inherit`, `color-scheme:inherit` and
`color-scheme:auto` printed `normal`, `transition-property:unset` was
folded into `transition` (#42022). 2 real stylesheets
- Only fold font longhands into `font` when the rule declared a `font`
(#45459)
- Keep a font family name quoted when its identifiers do not read back
as the same name (#46606)
- Stop rewriting valid positions into ones browsers reject (#45197)
- `border` is no longer built from longhands unless the rule also sets
what `border` resets (`border-image`), and an author's `border-image`
reset is no longer dropped. `transition` is likewise only written where
the rule wrote one, because it resets `transition-behavior` (#42072)
- `border; border-image: <gradient>; border-image-slice: 1` lost the
gradient in every default build (#42018)
- A prefixed `linear-gradient` keeps its direction, written or
generated: the prefixed syntax names the starting side and measures
angles differently (#46697)

**At-rules**

- Print @font-face format() keywords as strings (#37979). 439 real
stylesheets
- Print @supports `not` conditions without a leading space (#38559). 88
real stylesheets
- Reset after the number token of a unicode-range (#45835). 33 real
stylesheets
- Keep `<general-enclosed>` media and container conditions as written
(#46756). 24 real stylesheets
- A strict range such as `(width < 768px)` lowered for old targets still
matched at exactly 768px. The step is now `.02px`. The `not all and`
form for other units is not taken (#46806). 18 real stylesheets
- Keep scanning an @supports condition after a nested block (#38552). 9
real stylesheets
- Every `@counter-style name` printed as `@counter-stylename`, which
browsers drop (also #46692). In a CSS module the name now stays global,
like the `list-style` that refers to it (#33679). 9 real stylesheets
- Keep a keyframe whose block has an invalid item (#46288). 2 real
stylesheets
- Read an @Property initial-value on the stylesheet's parser, keep an
unmatched value as written (#45806). 2 real stylesheets
- `@media {}` is `all`. A media query that stops after `and`, `or` or
`not` (`@media screen and {`) is a build error; `main` printed `not all`
or dropped the condition, silently. The `@layer` and type selector parts
are not taken (#46869). 2 real stylesheets
- Accept a name-only `@container` and a `style()` feature with no value
(#46689). 1 real stylesheets
- Parse `<timeline-range-name> <percentage>` keyframe selectors (#45652)
- Allow `or` inside parentheses after a media type (#45088)
- Print the `=` comparison in media and container queries as `=`
(#45071)
- Parse the @font-palette-values font-family descriptor as a list of
family names (#45484)

**Selectors**

- Never wrap a selector list in :is() (#46787). 414 real stylesheets
- Stop emitting :-webkit-any() copies of :is() that outrank the original
rule (#42029). 373 real stylesheets
- With browser targets, a selector list with a vendor-prefixed member
was split, which revives hacks that rely on other engines dropping the
whole list: `.s *::-ms-backdrop,.s{flex:auto}` applied everywhere.
Rewritten; the list is printed as written (#42100). 42 real stylesheets
- Print the vendor prefix on downleveled :any-link, :read-only,
:read-write, :placeholder-shown and :autofill (#42131). 12 real
stylesheets
- Fix nesting lowering of a `&` that does not lead its selector
(#43047). 8 real stylesheets
- `@scope`: `&` and implicit selectors compile to `:where(:scope)`,
relative selectors and bare declarations parse (#43165). 7 real
stylesheets
- Only reject bare :global / :local pseudo-classes in CSS modules
(#38534). 5 real stylesheets
- Stop truncating `@scope to (...)` and stop replacing `&` in the
scope-end selector (#43146). 2 real stylesheets
- `[xl|href$=".pdf"]` lost its namespace prefix (#45159). 2 real
stylesheets
- Match An+B keywords exactly and take only `+` as the leading sign
(#42953). 1 real stylesheets
- Parse ::details-content and ::picker() like ::part() (#45504). 1 real
stylesheets
- Parse :window-inactive as an ordinary pseudo-class, and accept it
after ::selection (#45815)
- Print :nth-col(1) and :nth-last-col(1) in functional form (#41575)
- `li::before::marker` failed the build (#45810)
- `&` inside `:nth-child(... of S)` is resolved when nesting is compiled
away. The second selector serializer (326 lines) is deleted (#43024)

**Colors and `Bun.color`**

- Keep light-dark() as written under the default browser targets
(#42009). 227 real stylesheets
- Number and percentage channels parse in `lab()`, `lch()`, `oklab()`,
`oklch()`, `hsl()` and `hwb()`; the hue of `lch` / `oklch` is no longer
scaled by alpha (#45084). 130 real stylesheets
- `Bun.color` returns `null` for `currentColor`, system colors and
`light-dark()` in the converting formats, instead of the CSS keyword as
a string (#33047). 130 real stylesheets
- Relative colors: channel keywords are on the scale of their function
(`rgb(from #369 calc(r + 10) g b)`), the origin's alpha is kept, a
relative color kept as written gets no `@supports` copies, and a result
outside sRGB is not folded (#45362). 31 real stylesheets
- Keep rotate: 0deg out of none, and keep the origin alpha in relative
colors (#38486). 13 real stylesheets
- Compute the D50 reference white in f32 so greys convert to lab(l 0 0)
like lightningcss (#38535). 7 real stylesheets
- Return a missing hue for a grey from conversions into lch, oklch, hsl
and hwb (#45201). 5 real stylesheets
- Fix color(a98-rgb), srgb-linear relative colors and color-mix(in
xyz-d50) (#38487). 4 real stylesheets
- Match named colors without regard to ASCII case (#45092). 3 real
stylesheets
- Fold min(), max() and clamp() over plain numbers (#39515)
- `calc(l - .08)` in a percentage channel of a relative color became NaN
and printed `#000` (also #45970) (#45971)
- Bun.color: convert color() inputs instead of returning them as a CSS
string (#38488)
- A `color-mix(in srgb, ...)` result outside sRGB prints `color(srgb
...)` instead of a gamut-mapped hex (#39269)

**`calc()` and numbers**

- Rounding to 6 significant digits ate into the integer part:
`z-index:2147483647` became `2147480000`, `max-width:9999999px` became
`10000000px`, `--x:1234567.5` became `1234570`. It now only cuts a
fraction short: a value kept as tokens prints its source text, a typed
value prints every integer digit and at least one digit of the fraction
(#46715). 43 real stylesheets
- A number without a unit is no longer repaired into `px`
(`height:1.5715` is dropped by a standards-mode browser, so it prints as
written), `calc(-1 * 0)` is not a length, and on a property of the range
[0,∞] (sizes, border radii, padding, border and outline widths, gap,
`flex-basis`, `font-size`) a `calc()` that folds below zero prints `0`
instead of an invalid negative literal, and a negative literal no longer
replaces the valid declaration before it (`width:10px;width:-5px`
printed `width:-5px`) (#42104). 24 real stylesheets
- Print numbers from the f32's shortest digits, not its f64 expansion
(#38565). 17 real stylesheets
- Print negative numbers below 1 with a single minus sign (#38516)
- Keep math functions over two different length units as written
(#38489)
- Fold rem() with a truncated quotient, so it keeps the sign of the
dividend (#32286)
- A one-argument `min()` / `max()` around a sum printed without any
function (`width:100% - 20px`) (#46145)
- `round()` breaks ties upward and handles a negative step as browsers
do (#45249)

**CSS modules**

- A CSS module exports its `@keyframes` names (`styles.spin`). Hashing
is unchanged (#46720). 145 real stylesheets
- A name inside `:global(...)` prints plain but was exported as
`name_<hash>`, a class no rule has (also #38573) (#45487). 90 real
stylesheets
- Keep container names global in CSS modules (#45247). 6 real
stylesheets
- Tag the keyframes name when an `animation` value falls back to raw
tokens (#46034). 6 real stylesheets
- In a plain stylesheet `composes: a from "./b.css"` was treated as an
import: the file was inlined and an absolute path printed (#45961). 4
real stylesheets
- Drop a rejected composes instead of failing the file at print time
(#38538). 1 real stylesheets
- Keep every rule's custom properties for the composes conflict check
(#38523)
- Keep composes working after a nested rule in the same block (#38520)
- `IdentOrRef::hash` read 2 of 16 bytes, so in release builds every
class of a module hashed alike (#30784)

**Tokens, `url()`, diagnostics**

- The block skip stack no longer allocates on every block exit (#39533)
- Report the diagnostic's line without its line breaks in
position.lineText (#38342). 192 real stylesheets
- Compare `url()` values by their text (#46895). 26 real stylesheets
- Values kept as tokens keep the blanks they were written with instead
of having them re-invented at print time: `attr(x type(<number>))`
printed `type(< number> )`, which browsers drop. Minified output still
drops the blanks that cannot matter (#45577). 19 real stylesheets
- The IE star hack (`*zoom:1`) failed the whole build. The declaration
is skipped, as every browser does. It is the one syntax error that
builds: tachyons, handsontable and jasmine ship it (#46751). 8 real
stylesheets
- The path of a copied asset spliced into `url()` is always quoted, so a
file name with a space or a parenthesis cannot end the `url()` (#41557).
7 real stylesheets
- Move the skip loop of parse_until_before out of the generic body
(#39520)
- Remove dead code from bun_css: the unused `impl Default for Property`
(#45618)
- Default the at-rule and qualified-rule parser traits, drop the
url_to_css shim (#31999)

**Speed**

Four inputs that took quadratic or exponential time, or produced output
out of proportion, are now linear, with no new limit and no extra pass
(#31639, #42243, #38531, #43421).

**Tests only**

- `css-fuzz.test.ts` never ran in CI and timed out on debug builds; it
is a deterministic table now (#38500)
- `nth-anplusb-ident.test.ts` counts heaps in a child process (#46331)
- `color.test.ts` checks the ansi-16 sweep with one `expect()` (#42824)
- Not CSS, but it failed this PR's CI and fails on `main` too:
`ws-proxy.test.ts` on Windows, "a message sent during a TLS
renegotiation arrives after it". The helper server now renegotiates from
the callback of the frame's write (#46170)

**No pull request covered these**

- `--v: 5.0.1` printed as `5.1`, `--w: 1.0.0` as `10`, `--x: 1+2` as
`12`, `2n+1` as `2n1`: a number token that touches another keeps its
source text.
- `color-scheme: auto` printed as `normal`, and `color-scheme: dark
light` as `light dark`.
- A bare `:global` or `:local` in a CSS module sets the scope of the
names after it, up to the end of the selector, as in css-loader. It was
a build error.
- The scrollbar states (`a:horizontal`,
`::-webkit-scrollbar{&:horizontal{}}`) are valid in a plain compound, as
in WebKit and Blink.
- Without browser targets, `-webkit-box-align`, `-ms-flex-align` and the
like were dropped next to their standard form (flatpickr,
foundation-sites, materialize-css: 28 stylesheets), and
`-webkit-fill-available` before `-moz-available` (beercss).
- `(-o-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2/1)` printed as `2`.
- `sin()`, `cos()` and `tan()` are exact at multiples of 90deg:
`calc(100px * cos(90deg))` printed `-.00000437114px`.
- A `display-p3` color at targets that have P3 but not the other
`color()` spaces (Safari 10.1 to 14) got itself as a fallback.
- `width: rem(-18px, 5px)` folds to a negative literal once `rem()` is
right; it prints `0`.
- Consecutive nested declarations rules, which arise when same-query
`@media` blocks in one rule merge, are folded into one and count against
the existing selector expansion limit as the `&{}` rules they replace
did.

#### Known and not fixed here

- Four longhands are still folded into a `transition` the author did not
write where the targets add a prefixed copy of a property (`mask-image`
at Chrome 80): only the shorthand gives the copy its own times.
- A later `background`, `box-shadow` or `border-*` declaration still
loses to the `@supports` copy of an earlier `var()` value of the same
property with a wide-gamut color. Same on `main`; #45560 is taken for
the properties of the fallback handler and for unparsed values only.
- A merged rule prints the unprefixed name in the passes of the rule it
absorbed: `.d::-webkit-input-placeholder{}.d::-moz-placeholder{}` prints
`::placeholder` for the second (#42106, not taken: it breaks the merge
of prefix-equivalent rules).
- The `border`, `outline` and `font` shorthands, `line-height`,
`scroll-padding`, `background-size` and a few more still print a
`calc()` that folds below zero as a negative literal. No real stylesheet
has one.
- `all` is not a property Bun knows, so `a{margin-top:1px;all:unset}`
prints `all` first. Same on `main`.
- A selector kept as raw tokens loses the blank before `*` when
minified: `--sel: .dark *` prints `.dark*`. Same on `main`.
- `width:calc(0% + 12px)` folds to `12px`, which lays out differently in
a table cell. Same on `main`.
- The `:dir()` / `:lang()` rules of a lowered logical property print
before the nested rules of their rule, so a logical declaration written
after a nested rule of equal specificity still loses to it. Same on
`main`.
- A fraction is still rounded to 6 significant digits (`12345.678`
prints `12345.7`, `33.3333333333%` prints `33.3333%`). Keeping every
digit would add up to 282 KB over the corpus.
- `@keyframes "quoted"` is hashed in a module but not exported.
- In a module, a keyframes name inside a `var()` fallback is not hashed:
`animation: var(--enter, fade 1s)`. Same on `main`.
- A `color-mix()` or relative color folded to a hex inside a gradient
changes the interpolation from Oklab to sRGB (VS Code, clawhub).
Printing `color(srgb ..)` instead needs a fallback for `mask-image`,
`list-style-image` and custom properties at the default targets, which
have none.
- A comma list in `@container` still fails the build.
- After a bare `:global`, names that are hashed at print time
(`::view-transition-old(foo)`) are still hashed; inside `:global(...)`
they are not.

#### Pull requests in scope that do not land here

- Duplicates of a pull request that lands here: #36961 (of #37979),
#38478 (of #46662), #38480 (of #46733), #38482 (of #46715), #38491 (of
#38500), #38508 (of #45201), #38513 (of #45362), #38573 (of #45487),
#38640 (of #38500), #45525 (of #45247), #45589 (of #46756), #45970 (of
#45971)
- Already fixed on `main`: #38674
- Right, but for input nobody writes (0 of 10,116 stylesheets, and not
new syntax): #31916, #38526, #38592, #39349, #41139, #41801, #42042,
#42484, #43078, #45604, #45908, #46086, #46221, #46224, #46273, #46694,
#46707, #46737, #46755, #46816, #46870, #46934
- Right or harmless, but not worth their code, their bigger output or
the behavior they change: #30905, #31924, #33332, #34426, #36225,
#38006, #38512, #38547, #38551, #38561, #38572, #38576, #38607, #38623,
#38667, #38692, #42106, #42912, #42918, #43407, #43434, #44700, #45442,
#45546, #45747, #45759, #45825, #45946, #46061, #46127, #46206
- Need a decision (see above), stay open: #40368, #40369, #44647,
#44648, #45814
- Stays open: #45787

Out of scope: CSS linking and chunking in the bundler, the dev server,
docs-only pull requests, and repository-wide sweeps that touch `src/css`
in passing.

Thanks to @mikamikasuki (#45247), @alii (#39520, #31999) and @oddharsh,
whose measurements on #40369 and #41990 were used.

Fixes #16727.
Fixes #24770.
Fixes #30772.
Fixes #44704.
Fixes #45089.
Fixes #45237.
Fixes #46872.

### How did you verify your code works?

- The 35 CSS test files pass on a debug build, also with
`FORCE_COLOR=1`. 600+ of the tests in this branch fail on a build of
`main`. An earlier head of this branch passed all 179 CI jobs that ran.
- The reproduction of each issue listed above was run on `main` (wrong)
and on this branch (right).
- Differential run over the 10,116 stylesheets, `main` against this
branch, minified without targets and through `Bun.build` at the default
targets: no stylesheet that builds on `main` fails; Chromium 156
compares the output with the input rule by rule (CSSOM, then computed
values on a sized element in a standards-mode document, colors as
painted pixels in sRGB and P3). The comparison has 195 control pairs
that must read equal or different. For stylesheets that read differently
on both builds, mostly because of lowering, the sets of differences were
compared; the three new ones are two minifier fixtures that are wrong on
both and one comparison artifact.
- CSS modules are checked for consistency instead, since hashed names
defeat the comparison: every reference points at a name the output
defines, every export exists.
- `Bun.color`: 59 inputs in 13 formats on both builds; every changed
cell was read.
@Jarred-Sumner

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Landed in #47025 (7942008).

Parse ::details-content and ::picker() like ::part(). 1 real stylesheets

@robobun

robobun commented Oct 27, 2026

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Thanks. I ran the original report against a debug build of main at 7942008:

  • select.css (the ::picker(select):popover-open sheet, with the @starting-style rule): exit 0, 8 rules written, 0 warnings.
  • ::picker(select):is(:popover-open) prints ::picker(select):popover-open. The argument stays.
  • details::details-content::before builds.
  • ::part(x):dir(rtl), :lang(en) and :state(y) build.
  • details[open]::details-content:not(.x) is still an error (Unexpected selector after pseudo-element: .), as in browsers.

One difference from this PR: on main, a structural or unknown pseudo-class after the two names (::picker(select):first-child) is an error. This PR let it through.

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