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css: implement handle_composes to build CssModuleReference entries - #36225

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@robobun

@robobun robobun commented Jul 28, 2026 •

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What

CssModule::handle_composes in src/css/css_modules.rs was a validation-only stub: it checked that composes: appears under a single class selector but never built the composed references. CssModuleReference::{Local, Global} were never constructed anywhere (flagged by the dead-code sweep in #36184) and CssModuleExport.composes was always empty in the ToCssResult.exports map.

Fix

For each single-class selector and each name in the composes: list, construct the appropriate reference and append it to the selector's export entry (creating the entry on first use), de-duplicating by value:

composes: … reference
alpha Local { name: pattern.write_to_string(.., "alpha") }
x from global Global { name: "x" }
x from "./other.css" Dependency { name: "x", specifier: record.path.text }

This matches the lightningcss handle_composes behavior. Note that Bun's Specifier has no SourceIndex variant, so that lightningcss arm does not apply here.

The bundler's composes: support is a separate parser-level path (ast.composes consumed by generateCodeForLazyExport / scanImportsAndExports) and is unchanged; handle_composes populates the printer-side ToCssResult.exports map.

Testing

Added cssInternals.cssModulesTest(source) (internal-for-testing only) which parses with css_modules: Some(Config::default()), wires the parsed symbol list into to_css, and returns { code, exports } where each export carries its composes array. New tests in test/js/bun/css/css-modules-composes.test.ts cover the local / global / dependency / multi-name-dedupe cases plus the existing invalid-selector error.

bun bd test test/js/bun/css/css-modules-composes.test.ts
 5 pass, 0 fail

Existing test/bundler/css/css-modules.test.ts (6 pass) and test/bundler/esbuild/css.test.ts (56 pass) are unchanged.


[review] gate passed · iteration 1 · 5 files touched

fails on main (without fix)
ASAN without fix: 5 FAILED
$ BUN_DEBUG_QUIET_LOGS=1 bun scripts/build.ts --profile=debug --quiet test "--reporter=junit" "--reporter-outfile=/tmp/mechgate.xml" test/js/bun/css/css-modules-composes.test.ts
bun test v1.4.0 (7f7c0f69e)

test/js/bun/css/css-modules-composes.test.ts:
3 | 
4 | const { cssModulesTest } = cssInternals as any;
5 | 
6 | describe("css_modules handle_composes", () => {
7 |   test("local composes builds a Local reference", () => {
8 |     const result = cssModulesTest(
                       ^
TypeError: cssModulesTest is not a function. (In 'cssModulesTest(`.alpha { color: red; }
       .beta { composes: alpha; color: blue; }`)', 'cssModulesTest' is undefined)
      at <anonymous> (/workspace/bun/test/js/bun/css/css-modules-composes.test.ts:8:20)
(fail) css_modules handle_composes > local composes builds a Local reference [11.01ms]
16 |     const hash = result.exports.beta.name.slice("beta_".length);
17 |     expect(result.exports.beta.composes[0].name).toBe(`alpha_${hash}`);
18 |   });
19 | 
20 |   test("global composes builds a Global reference", () => {
21 |     const result = cssModulesTest(`.alpha { composes: globalName from global; color: red; }`);
                
... (truncated)

release without fix: all passed
bun test v1.4.0-canary.1 (2de563454)

test/js/bun/css/css-modules-composes.test.ts:
(pass) css_modules handle_composes > local composes builds a Local reference [10.69ms]
(pass) css_modules handle_composes > global composes builds a Global reference [0.11ms]
(pass) css_modules handle_composes > composes from file builds a Dependency reference [0.06ms]
(pass) css_modules handle_composes > multiple names and dedupe [0.07ms]
(pass) css_modules handle_composes > invalid selector still errors [1.93ms]

 5 pass
 0 fail
 6 expect() calls
Ran 5 tests across 1 file. [179.00ms]
__F:0:S:0
passes on PR (with fix)
ASAN with fix: all passed
$ BUN_DEBUG_QUIET_LOGS=1 bun scripts/build.ts --profile=debug --quiet test "--reporter=junit" "--reporter-outfile=/tmp/mechgate.xml" test/js/bun/css/css-modules-composes.test.ts
bun test v1.4.0 (7f7c0f69e)

test/js/bun/css/css-modules-composes.test.ts:
(pass) css_modules handle_composes > local composes builds a Local reference [19.03ms]
(pass) css_modules handle_composes > global composes builds a Global reference [3.71ms]
(pass) css_modules handle_composes > composes from file builds a Dependency reference [3.02ms]
(pass) css_modules handle_composes > multiple names and dedupe [4.28ms]
(pass) css_modules handle_composes > invalid selector still errors [5.25ms]

 5 pass
 0 fail
 6 expect() calls
Ran 5 tests across 1 file. [2.09s]
__F:0:S:0

release with fix: all passed
$ bun scripts/build.ts --profile=release
[configured] bun-profile → bun (stripped) in 708ms (unchanged)
ninja: Entering directory `/workspace/bun/build/release'
[0/1] reconfigure
[1/28] install /workspace/bun
bun install v1.4.0-canary.1 (2de563454)

Checked 124 installs across 170 packages (no changes) [4.00ms]
[2/28] esbuild runtime.out.js

  build/release/codegen/runtime.out.js  5.3kb

⚡ Done in 5ms
[3/28] esbuild fallback-decoder.js

  build/release/codegen/fallback-decoder.js  8.8kb

⚡ Done in 8ms
[4/28] esbuild bun-error

  ../../build/release/codegen/bun-error/index.js       42.9kb
  ../../build/release/codegen/bun-error/bun-error.css  12.8kb

⚡ Done in 18ms
[5/28] gen cpp.rs (cppbind)
[6/28] gen generated_host_exports.rs
generated_host_exports.rs: 94 exports (host=3, lazy=10, generic=81, rust=0); 240 extern-C blocks audited
[7/28] gen JS modules (bundle-modules)
Preprocess modules (9232ms)
Bundle modules (56ms)
Postprocesss modules (210ms)
Bundle Functions (739ms)
Generate Code (37ms)

[10.29s] Bundled "src/js" for production
  2570 kb
  193 internal modules
  13 native modules
  90 internal functions across 19 files
[7/14] cargo bun_bin → libbun_ru
... (truncated)
diff hotspot
src/css/css_modules.rs                       |  69 ++++++++++++---
 src/css_jsc/css_internals.rs                 | 121 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/js/internal-for-testing.ts               |   1 +
 src/runtime/dispatch_js2native.rs            |   5 +-
 test/js/bun/css/css-modules-composes.test.ts |  47 +++++++++++
 5 files changed, 230 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

gate history · 2 passed · 0 rejected · iteration 1

evidence per changed file
file                                          reads  edits  tests
src/css/css_modules.rs                            1      1      0
src/css_jsc/css_internals.rs                      2      2      0
src/js/internal-for-testing.ts                    1      1      0
src/runtime/dispatch_js2native.rs                 1      1      0
test/js/bun/css/css-modules-composes.test.ts      0      3      0

@robobun

robobun commented Jul 28, 2026 •

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Status: closed, not reopened. main removed the fields and the enum variants that this PR fills in (#36184, #39249). The last comment on this PR has the details.

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📒 Files selected for processing (5)
  • src/css/css_modules.rs
  • src/css_jsc/css_internals.rs
  • src/js/internal-for-testing.ts
  • src/runtime/dispatch_js2native.rs
  • test/js/bun/css/css-modules-composes.test.ts

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Found 1 issue this PR may fix:

  1. Subpath imports in composes fail silently #19663 - Subpath imports in composes fail silently; this PR implements the previously-stubbed handle_composes so CssModuleReference entries are now built for local, global, and dependency compositions

If this is helpful, copy the block below into the PR description to auto-close this issue on merge.

Fixes #19663

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

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No bugs found, but deferring to a human — this is a ~230-line feature fill-in for previously-stubbed CSS-module composes semantics, and I'd like a human to confirm the design choices.

What was reviewed:

  • handle_composes builds Local/Global/Dependency refs and inserts into exports_by_source_index — matches the sibling add_local/get_reference/reference_dashed patterns and lightningcss shape.
  • Export-key concern (mangled vs original name via lookup_ident_or_ref → lookup_symbol) checked: falls through to original_name when local_names is empty, so test path is correct.
  • Caller in rules/style.rs already take()s dest.css_module before the call, so the added &mut dest param doesn't alias.

Two things worth a human eye: (1) the fails-on-main evidence only shows cssModulesTest is not a function — it proves the test helper is new, not that the stubbed handle_composes was the failure; (2) nothing in production appears to read CssModuleExport.composes yet (bundler uses the separate ast.composes path), so it's worth confirming this is the intended consumer surface.

Extended reasoning...

Overview

Implements the previously-stubbed CssModule::handle_composes in src/css/css_modules.rs so that composes: declarations populate CssModuleExport.composes with Local/Global/Dependency references. Adds a test-only cssInternals.cssModulesTest binding (src/css_jsc/css_internals.rs, internal-for-testing.ts, dispatch_js2native.rs) to surface ToCssResult.exports to JS, plus a 5-case test file.

Security risks

None. No untrusted-input parsing changes, no new syscalls, all new JS surface is behind bun:internal-for-testing.

Level of scrutiny

Medium. The core change is ~55 lines of new logic in the CSS-modules printer path plus ~120 lines of test-only JSC glue. The logic itself is a faithful port of lightningcss's handle_composes and reuses existing helpers (pattern.write_to_string, entry() API, eql for dedupe) consistent with sibling functions in the same file. But it is a feature implementation rather than a mechanical fix, and the semantics (what key the export lands under, how it interacts with the bundler's local_names map when non-empty) have downstream implications once something consumes .composes.

Other factors

  • Test validity: the fails-on-main log shows TypeError: cssModulesTest is not a function, i.e. the tests fail because the helper binding doesn't exist on main, not because handle_composes was a stub. Per REVIEW.md's "confirm deleting each load-bearing clause of your fix breaks at least one test", this doesn't demonstrate that reverting only css_modules.rs (keeping the helper) would fail the tests. It almost certainly would — the stub returned an empty composes — but the evidence doesn't show it.
  • Liveness: grepping for consumers of ToCssResult.exports / .composes turns up only the new test helper. The PR description explicitly notes the bundler's composes: support is a separate parser-level path (ast.composes). REVIEW.md asks "trace new state to an actual consumer"; a maintainer should confirm this map is intended to be consumed (e.g. by a future Bun.build CSS-modules exports API, or #19663's fix path) rather than being populated with no reader.
  • Export-key semantics: lookup_ident_or_ref consults local_names before original_name. In the test path local_names is empty so the key is the original class name; in a bundler context with a populated map it would be the mangled name. Verifiers ruled this out as a bug for the current PR, but it's a design point worth a maintainer's sign-off before something starts reading the map.

Given it's a non-trivial feature fill-in with open questions on consumer/liveness and test-validity evidence, I'm deferring rather than auto-approving.

@robobun

robobun commented Jul 28, 2026

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Addressing the two review points:

(1) Test validity. Verified that reverting only src/css/css_modules.rs to main (keeping the new cssModulesTest helper and everything else) fails 4 of 5 tests:

(fail) local composes builds a Local reference
  expect(result.exports.beta).toEqual({...})  ->  received: undefined
(fail) global composes builds a Global reference
  TypeError: undefined is not an object (evaluating 'result.exports.alpha.composes')
(fail) composes from file builds a Dependency reference
  TypeError: undefined is not an object (evaluating 'result.exports.alpha.composes')
(fail) multiple names and dedupe
  TypeError: undefined is not an object (evaluating 'result.exports.c.composes')
(pass) invalid selector still errors

The one passing test is the invalid-selector error, which the stub already handled. So the handle_composes body is the load-bearing change.

(2) Consumer surface. Correct that CssModuleExport.composes has no in-tree consumer today; the bundler uses the separate ast.composes path populated at parse time. This fills in the printer-side map because the Local/Global variants were flagged as never-constructed by the dead-code sweep in #36184 and the stub was left as a marker for this feature rather than deleted. Whether to wire a consumer (or keep this populated for the lightningcss-shaped API) is a maintainer call.

Export-key note. lookup_ident_or_ref does consult local_names first, so in a bundler context the key would be the mangled name. Since the bundler does not read this map and the standalone path passes an empty local_names, the original name is used, matching lightningcss. Happy to switch to as_original_string(symbols) if a future consumer needs the key to be the original name unconditionally.

robobun and others added 2 commits July 28, 2026 21:01
handle_composes previously only validated that the selector was a single
class; the body that builds the composed references was never ported. As
a result CssModuleReference::{Local, Global} were never constructed and
CssModuleExport.composes was always empty in ToCssResult.exports.

This fills in the body to match lightningcss: for each single-class
selector and each composed name, construct a Local (same-file, hashed),
Global (composes: x from global), or Dependency (composes: x from
"./file.css") reference and append it to the selector's export entry,
de-duplicating by value.

Adds a cssInternals.cssModulesTest helper that parses a string with CSS
modules enabled and returns {code, exports} so the composes list can be
asserted from JS. The bundler's composes support goes through a separate
parser-level path (ast.composes) and is unchanged.
@robobun
robobun force-pushed the farm/b9a2f51f/css-modules-handle-composes branch from 2de5634 to 007551c Compare July 28, 2026 21:01

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I didn't find any bugs, but this needs a maintainer call: the author explicitly flags that CssModuleExport.composes has no in-tree consumer (the bundler uses the parser-level ast.composes path), so whether to populate this map vs. delete the Local/Global variants per #36184's dead-code sweep is a design decision, as is the open export-key question (mangled vs. original name via lookup_ident_or_ref).

What was reviewed:

  • handle_composes borrow pattern — caller in rules/style.rs already take()s dest.css_module before the call, and lookup_ident_or_ref doesn't touch it, so no aliasing.
  • Arena lifetimes in the new code — all allocations go through dest.arena / bump.alloc_slice_copy, matching sibling methods.
  • The new css_modules_test binding follows the same 'bump-erasure and error-path shape as testing_impl / attr_test in the same file.
Extended reasoning...

Overview

This PR implements the previously-stubbed CssModule::handle_composes in src/css/css_modules.rs (~60 lines) to construct CssModuleReference::{Local, Global, Dependency} entries for each name in a composes: declaration and append them to the selector's CssModuleExport.composes list. To test it, it adds a ~120-line css_modules_test internal-for-testing binding in src/css_jsc/css_internals.rs (plus wiring in internal-for-testing.ts and dispatch_js2native.rs) and a 47-line test file covering local/global/dependency/dedupe/invalid-selector cases.

Security risks

None. This is CSS Modules metadata construction inside the printer; no untrusted-input parsing changes, no filesystem/network access, and the only new JS-reachable surface is gated behind bun:internal-for-testing.

Level of scrutiny

Medium-to-high, driven not by risk of breakage (the populated map has no production reader) but by the design question the author explicitly leaves open. The Local/Global variants were flagged as never-constructed by the dead-code sweep in #36184; this PR resolves that by making them constructed rather than by deleting them, and adds a test-only JSC binding as the sole consumer. REVIEW.md's "Every line you add must be demonstrably live" and "trace new state to an actual consumer" apply directly here — a maintainer should confirm that filling in the lightningcss-shaped ToCssResult.exports map is the intended direction (vs. deleting the dead path or wiring it into the bundler), and settle the export-key semantics the author raised.

Other factors

  • The caller in src/css/rules/style.rs:211-227 already handles the &mut self / &mut dest aliasing via dest.css_module.take(), and lookup_ident_or_ref reads only symbols/local_names, so the new dest usage is sound.
  • The author verified the css_modules.rs change is load-bearing by reverting it in isolation (4/5 tests fail), which is stronger evidence than the USE_SYSTEM_BUN=1 gate output shown in the PR body (that only proved the new binding is absent on main).
  • Bundler CSS-modules tests (test/bundler/css/css-modules.test.ts, test/bundler/esbuild/css.test.ts) reportedly still pass, consistent with the bundler using the separate ast.composes path.

@robobun

robobun commented Jul 28, 2026 •

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Updated 5:39 PM PT - Jul 28th, 2026

❌ @robobun, your commit 7f7c0f6 has some failures in Build #84375 (All Failures)


🧪   To try this PR locally:

bunx bun-pr 36225

That installs a local version of the PR into your bun-36225 executable, so you can run:

bun-36225 --bun

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No bugs found, but deferring to a human reviewer. The PR itself flags an open design question — CssModuleExport.composes has no in-tree consumer (the bundler uses the separate ast.composes path), so whether to populate it (this PR) versus delete the never-constructed Local/Global variants flagged in #36184 is a maintainer call, as the author notes. The export-key choice (lookup_ident_or_ref, which returns the mangled name under bundler-populated local_names) is another deferred decision that depends on which consumer, if any, is planned.

What was reviewed

  • handle_composes control flow against the caller in rules/style.rs — the css_module.take() dance means &mut self and &mut dest don't alias; error is returned after the module is put back.
  • Arena ownership: name_bytes and specifier are bump.alloc_slice_copy'd, id comes from lookup_ident_or_ref which yields an 'a slice; nothing borrows a temporary.
  • The new css_modules_test helper mirrors testing_impl/attr_test structure (same 'bump-erasure, same log/import-record wiring, init_with_one_list(extra.symbols) so refs resolve).
Extended reasoning...

Overview

The PR implements CssModule::handle_composes in src/css/css_modules.rs (previously a validation-only stub) so that composes: declarations populate CssModuleExport.composes with Local / Global / Dependency references. To test it, a new cssInternals.cssModulesTest binding (~120 lines of Rust in css_internals.rs, plus dispatch and internal-for-testing wiring) exposes the printer-side exports map to JS, and 5 new tests exercise local/global/dependency/dedupe/error paths. ~230 lines net.

Security risks

None. No user-facing API surface changes; the only new JS-reachable code is behind bun:internal-for-testing, which is gated to debug builds and CI. Inputs to handle_composes come from the CSS parser, and index accesses (hashes[source_index], import_records[idx]) are bounded by parser-produced indices as elsewhere in the file.

Level of scrutiny

Medium-high. The Rust change itself is straightforward and closely follows the neighboring get_reference / add_local / reference_dashed patterns (arena-copied slices, entry() API, pattern.write_to_string). Correctness looked fine: the caller in rules/style.rs:211-229 moves dest.css_module out before the call so the two &mut borrows don't alias, and it restores it before propagating the error via dest.new_error. All stored slices are either arena-allocated in this call or already 'a-lifetime.

However, this is not a mechanical fix — it's a ~60-line feature implementation whose purpose is under discussion. The author's own follow-up comment states CssModuleExport.composes has no in-tree consumer today and that whether to keep populating it vs. wiring a consumer is "a maintainer call." REVIEW.md's dead-code guidance ("delete dead code in the same PR that makes it dead") points the other direction from #36184's flag. That's an architectural decision I shouldn't make unilaterally.

Other factors

  • The export-map key is derived via dest.lookup_ident_or_ref(*id), which the author notes returns the mangled name when local_names is populated (bundler context). Lightningcss keys on the original name. Since no consumer exists, either choice is defensible right now, but a maintainer should confirm the intended shape before this becomes load-bearing.
  • Test validity was independently verified by the author (reverting only css_modules.rs fails 4/5 tests), so the new tests do exercise the load-bearing change and not just the new binding.
  • The css_modules_test helper is test-only and structurally identical to the existing testing_impl / attr_test, so the unsafe detach_lifetime_ref and log-pointer patterns are pre-approved shapes in this file.

Given the open "populate vs. delete" question that the author explicitly punted to maintainers, this warrants human sign-off rather than auto-approval.

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Closing this PR because it has been inactive for more than 90 days.

@github-actions github-actions Bot closed this Oct 27, 2026
@robobun

robobun commented Oct 27, 2026

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This PR stays closed. main removed the data that it fills in.

The code that is left around handle_composes has open PRs. #38538 removes the print-time check. #40690 removes the export and reference maps that nothing reads.

Jarred-Sumner added a commit that referenced this pull request Oct 27, 2026
### What does this PR do?

Consolidates the open pull requests on the CSS parser (`src/css`:
parsing, minifying, lowering, printing, CSS modules) into one.

179 open pull requests were in scope. Each was judged by one rule: **the
output must mean to a browser what the input meant.** Every claim was
run through a build of `main`, a build with the change, lightningcss
1.33 and Chromium 156 (CSSOM, computed values, painted pixels for colors
and gradients), and counted against 10,116 real stylesheets: the
published CSS of about 190 popular npm packages, plus stylesheets from
open source repositories. 107 land here, whole or in part, most of them
cut down. The source diff is net negative.

Of the 10,116, 9,509 are stylesheets that someone ships. The rest are
test fixtures of other tools (521), Tailwind v4 source that needs its
plugin (59) and SCSS, PostCSS or template source (27).

| 9,509 shipped stylesheets | `main` | this branch |
|---|---|---|
| fail to build | 71 | 35 |
| ... of those, valid CSS that Bun rejects | | 0 |
| minified output reads differently in Chromium than the input | 552 | 2
|
| CSS modules with a name that is referenced but not defined, or
exported but not defined | 166 | 0 |

| all 10,116 | `main` | this branch |
|---|---|---|
| fail to build | 192 | 141 |
| minified output reads differently in Chromium than the input | 593 |
15 |
| build on `main`, fail here | | 0 |
| right on `main`, wrong here (minified, and at the default targets) | |
0 |
| size of the minified output, no targets | 162.32 MB | 162.47 MB
(+0.093%) |
| size of the output at the default targets | 224.1 MB | 210.2 MB
(-6.2%) |

A syntax error is a build error, with one exception: the IE star hack
`*zoom: 1` is skipped, because tachyons and handsontable ship it. The 35
shipped stylesheets that fail are invalid CSS: 28 have a selector that
Chromium drops (semantic-ui-css, swiper, @ionic/core, Adobe Spectrum,
xp.css), 2 an `@import` after other rules, and one each `@supports not X
and Y`, a nested `@keyframes`, a stray comma, a selector list in
`::slotted()`, `@media screen\0` (govuk-frontend). The 2 that read
differently fold a `color-mix()` inside a gradient (see the known gaps).

The growth of the minified output is rules and declarations that `main`
deleted by mistake: 87 KB of rules, 45 KB of prefixed declarations that
only browser targets can rule out.

#### Popular CSS that `main` breaks today

- normalize.css, modern-normalize, sanitize.css: `font-family:
monospace, monospace` is collapsed to `monospace`, which changes the
font size from 16px to 13px (#46662).
- CKEditor 5, Tabler, Carbon, VitePress, Ionic, PatternFly, Excalidraw:
a rule of custom properties is deleted as a "duplicate" of a later rule
with the same selector and other custom properties. 37 stylesheets lose
1,681 custom properties (#33684).
- Material Components, daisyUI, DocSearch, plyr: a `var()` size loses to
its own fallback (#42101).
- nextra, daisyUI, CKEditor: declarations written after a nested rule
are moved above it (#45462).
- antd 4, purecss, govuk-frontend: browser hacks in selector lists start
to apply everywhere (#42100).
- foundation-sites, flatpickr, 98.css, blueprintjs, scalar,
react-datepicker: the build fails on valid CSS (#46756, #38552, #38534).
tachyons, handsontable: it fails on the IE star hack (#46751).
- nodejs.org, Mantine: a CSS module exports classes that no rule
defines, because the `@apply` or `@mixin` in them is moved out of the
rule (#46759).
- hint.css and 42 more: `z-index: 1000001` and `1000000` become the same
number (#46715).
- Adobe Spectrum: `--version: 5.0.1` prints as `5.1`.
- A quarter of all stylesheets: minified output has a stray space in
`align-items: center` (#41993).

#### Behavior changes to look at first

1. **`light-dark()` is kept as written at the default browser targets**
(#42009). The lowered form `var(--buncss-light, a) var(--buncss-dark,
b)` is invalid unless a compiled `color-scheme` covers the element: 184
of the 215 real stylesheets that get it never define the variable, so
every browser drops the declaration. The docs section on the polyfill is
removed.
2. **`border` is not built from longhands** (#42072):
`border-width:0;border-style:solid;border-color:red` stays three
declarations, because `border` also resets `border-image`. 305 real
stylesheets grow by 30 KB in total; `bootstrap.min.css` by 113 bytes, 5
gzipped. No real stylesheet was found where the old merge shows, so this
is the one to drop if size matters more. 14 existing expectations
change.
3. **A CSS module no longer exports names that only occur inside
`:global(...)`** (#45487). 73 real modules lose 202 export keys, all of
them names that no rule has. `import { g }` or `composes: g` of such a
name becomes a build error.
4. **Container names and `@counter-style` names stay global in a CSS
module** (#45247 by @mikamikasuki). `main` hashes the `@container` name
but not `container-name`, so a named query never matches.
postcss-modules (Vite, css-loader, Next.js) keeps them global;
lightningcss and esbuild hash both. Global keeps a container that is
queried from another file or from JS working.
5. **Syntax errors are build errors, also two that `main` lets
through**: a media query that stops short (`@media screen and {`,
`@media not {`, `@import "a.css" screen and;`) and `@media (width <) foo
{`. No stylesheet of the 10,116 has either. A condition that is valid by
the grammar though no browser knows it, `( ... )` or `fn( ... )`, is
kept as written (#46756): `(min-width:0\0)`, `(not(hover))`.
6. **Declarations after a nested rule stay where they were written**, as
a nested declarations rule (#45462). Changes the output of 199 real
stylesheets; in a fuzz of 2,850 nested programs compared by computed
style, `main` was wrong in 1,056 and the pull request's code, before it
was trimmed here, in none.
7. **`Bun.color`**: `color()` inputs are converted instead of returned
as a string (`Bun.color("color(srgb 1 0 0)", "hex")` was `"color(srgb 1
0 0)"`); `currentColor`, system colors and `light-dark()` give `null` in
the converting formats instead of the keyword as a string; a relative
color or `color-mix()` outside sRGB is clipped, not gamut-mapped
(`hsl(from oklch(100% .399 336.3) h s l)` is `#ff5bff`, was `#fff`).
8. The `:-moz-any()` and `:-webkit-any()` copies of rules with `:is()`
are gone at the default targets (#45945, #42029). The `:-webkit-any()`
copy outranked the original rule: `.title{color:blue}
:is(h1,h2,h3){color:red}` painted red. 5.8% of all default-target output
was the `:-moz-any()` copies.
9. `Property` grows from 216 to 224 bytes: `Url` stores its text as a
slice so that two `url()` values can be compared (#46895). The pull
request packed a pointer and a `u32` behind `unsafe` to avoid that.

#### Not in this PR, needs a decision

- **Raise the default browser targets (#40369) and add a `cssTarget`
option (#40368).** Today: Chrome 80, Edge 80, Firefox 78, Safari 14,
Opera 67, and no public way to change them. At Vite 8's floor the output
of the 9,924 stylesheets is 15.3% smaller (3.9% gzipped). About a dozen
fixes here only matter at today's floor, and code for older targets is
unreachable without the option.
- Vendor prefixes for `user-select`, `appearance`, `hyphens` and five
more (#45814): 1,116 real stylesheets lack a prefix they need at the
default targets. And for `backdrop-filter` (#44648): 173.
- Clip instead of gamut-map in the sRGB fallback of a plain wide-gamut
color: deletes about 90 lines, changes every pinned fallback hex. If the
mapping stays, #44647 by @oddharsh makes it closer to what browsers
paint (colors off by 2/255 or more: 168 to 110 of 3,170 real ones).

#### Changes

**Rules: duplicates, merging, nesting, fallbacks**

- The `:-moz-any()` copy of every rule with `:is()` or `:not(a, b)` is
gone: Firefox 78 has `:is()` (#45945). 1,164 real stylesheets
- Keep declarations written after a nested rule in place with a nested
declarations rule (#45462). 379 real stylesheets
- With nesting compiled away, an unknown at-rule inside a style rule was
moved out of it: `.wrapper{@apply flex}` printed a bare `@apply flex;`
and the rule was gone, so a CSS module exported a class that no rule
defines. It now stays in a block under the compiled selector. 72 real
modules with Tailwind's `@apply`, 25 with Mantine's `@mixin` (#46759).
316 real stylesheets
- Keep !important in the rules generated for logical properties and
color-scheme (#38597). 311 real stylesheets
- With browser targets, remove an earlier duplicate rule only when its
declaration block is equal (#46861). 171 real stylesheets
- Compare custom property names in `PropertyId` equality and importance
in duplicate-rule detection (#33684). 40 real stylesheets
- Keep same-condition @supports rules and empty named @layer blocks
(#46733). 31 real stylesheets
- Keep target-added vendor prefix passes on cloned and re-minified
rules, and never print a bare `:full-screen` (#43339). 12 real
stylesheets
- Keep the selectors on rules added for color fallbacks and logical
properties (#43240). 3 real stylesheets
- A later declaration of a property drops the `@supports` color copies
of the earlier one, which printed after the rule and won (#45560). 2
real stylesheets
- Do not merge style rules in a stylesheet that holds `revert-rule`
(#46953). 1 real stylesheets
- `@import ... supports(-webkit-mask: none)` kept its prefix (#38589)

**Properties and shorthands**

- Print align-items:center without a stray space when no safe/unsafe
keyword is given (#41993). 3,317 real stylesheets
- Emit the physical longhands instead of the inset shorthand for targets
without it (#38583). 1,452 real stylesheets
- Keep the stops of an upward gradient as written, and drop a `50%` hint
only at the midpoint (#46790). 104 real stylesheets
- Emit unparsed border-block-* declarations when compiling logical
borders (#38582). 89 real stylesheets
- Keep repeated font families and dedupe only the inserted system-ui
fallbacks (#46662). 88 real stylesheets
- A `width` / `height` / `min-*` / `max-*` with `var()` or `env()` was
printed before the plain fallback written above it, so the fallback won
(#42101). 26 real stylesheets
- Keep box-orient and box-direction when flex-direction or flex-flow
follows (#45672). 16 real stylesheets
- Write held prefixed background declarations at every flush (#46882). 6
real stylesheets
- Derive equality for Size2D and BorderRadius, and keep every prefix in
the border-radius handler (#45665). 2 real stylesheets
- Print `none` instead of an empty border-image, mask-border or
mask-box-image value (#45143). 2 real stylesheets
- Keep font/transition sub-properties on the side of the shorthand they
were written on (#41990). 2 real stylesheets
- CSS-wide keywords are not names: `font:12px Arial;font-family:inherit`
printed `font:12px inherit`, `color-scheme:inherit` and
`color-scheme:auto` printed `normal`, `transition-property:unset` was
folded into `transition` (#42022). 2 real stylesheets
- Only fold font longhands into `font` when the rule declared a `font`
(#45459)
- Keep a font family name quoted when its identifiers do not read back
as the same name (#46606)
- Stop rewriting valid positions into ones browsers reject (#45197)
- `border` is no longer built from longhands unless the rule also sets
what `border` resets (`border-image`), and an author's `border-image`
reset is no longer dropped. `transition` is likewise only written where
the rule wrote one, because it resets `transition-behavior` (#42072)
- `border; border-image: <gradient>; border-image-slice: 1` lost the
gradient in every default build (#42018)
- A prefixed `linear-gradient` keeps its direction, written or
generated: the prefixed syntax names the starting side and measures
angles differently (#46697)

**At-rules**

- Print @font-face format() keywords as strings (#37979). 439 real
stylesheets
- Print @supports `not` conditions without a leading space (#38559). 88
real stylesheets
- Reset after the number token of a unicode-range (#45835). 33 real
stylesheets
- Keep `<general-enclosed>` media and container conditions as written
(#46756). 24 real stylesheets
- A strict range such as `(width < 768px)` lowered for old targets still
matched at exactly 768px. The step is now `.02px`. The `not all and`
form for other units is not taken (#46806). 18 real stylesheets
- Keep scanning an @supports condition after a nested block (#38552). 9
real stylesheets
- Every `@counter-style name` printed as `@counter-stylename`, which
browsers drop (also #46692). In a CSS module the name now stays global,
like the `list-style` that refers to it (#33679). 9 real stylesheets
- Keep a keyframe whose block has an invalid item (#46288). 2 real
stylesheets
- Read an @Property initial-value on the stylesheet's parser, keep an
unmatched value as written (#45806). 2 real stylesheets
- `@media {}` is `all`. A media query that stops after `and`, `or` or
`not` (`@media screen and {`) is a build error; `main` printed `not all`
or dropped the condition, silently. The `@layer` and type selector parts
are not taken (#46869). 2 real stylesheets
- Accept a name-only `@container` and a `style()` feature with no value
(#46689). 1 real stylesheets
- Parse `<timeline-range-name> <percentage>` keyframe selectors (#45652)
- Allow `or` inside parentheses after a media type (#45088)
- Print the `=` comparison in media and container queries as `=`
(#45071)
- Parse the @font-palette-values font-family descriptor as a list of
family names (#45484)

**Selectors**

- Never wrap a selector list in :is() (#46787). 414 real stylesheets
- Stop emitting :-webkit-any() copies of :is() that outrank the original
rule (#42029). 373 real stylesheets
- With browser targets, a selector list with a vendor-prefixed member
was split, which revives hacks that rely on other engines dropping the
whole list: `.s *::-ms-backdrop,.s{flex:auto}` applied everywhere.
Rewritten; the list is printed as written (#42100). 42 real stylesheets
- Print the vendor prefix on downleveled :any-link, :read-only,
:read-write, :placeholder-shown and :autofill (#42131). 12 real
stylesheets
- Fix nesting lowering of a `&` that does not lead its selector
(#43047). 8 real stylesheets
- `@scope`: `&` and implicit selectors compile to `:where(:scope)`,
relative selectors and bare declarations parse (#43165). 7 real
stylesheets
- Only reject bare :global / :local pseudo-classes in CSS modules
(#38534). 5 real stylesheets
- Stop truncating `@scope to (...)` and stop replacing `&` in the
scope-end selector (#43146). 2 real stylesheets
- `[xl|href$=".pdf"]` lost its namespace prefix (#45159). 2 real
stylesheets
- Match An+B keywords exactly and take only `+` as the leading sign
(#42953). 1 real stylesheets
- Parse ::details-content and ::picker() like ::part() (#45504). 1 real
stylesheets
- Parse :window-inactive as an ordinary pseudo-class, and accept it
after ::selection (#45815)
- Print :nth-col(1) and :nth-last-col(1) in functional form (#41575)
- `li::before::marker` failed the build (#45810)
- `&` inside `:nth-child(... of S)` is resolved when nesting is compiled
away. The second selector serializer (326 lines) is deleted (#43024)

**Colors and `Bun.color`**

- Keep light-dark() as written under the default browser targets
(#42009). 227 real stylesheets
- Number and percentage channels parse in `lab()`, `lch()`, `oklab()`,
`oklch()`, `hsl()` and `hwb()`; the hue of `lch` / `oklch` is no longer
scaled by alpha (#45084). 130 real stylesheets
- `Bun.color` returns `null` for `currentColor`, system colors and
`light-dark()` in the converting formats, instead of the CSS keyword as
a string (#33047). 130 real stylesheets
- Relative colors: channel keywords are on the scale of their function
(`rgb(from #369 calc(r + 10) g b)`), the origin's alpha is kept, a
relative color kept as written gets no `@supports` copies, and a result
outside sRGB is not folded (#45362). 31 real stylesheets
- Keep rotate: 0deg out of none, and keep the origin alpha in relative
colors (#38486). 13 real stylesheets
- Compute the D50 reference white in f32 so greys convert to lab(l 0 0)
like lightningcss (#38535). 7 real stylesheets
- Return a missing hue for a grey from conversions into lch, oklch, hsl
and hwb (#45201). 5 real stylesheets
- Fix color(a98-rgb), srgb-linear relative colors and color-mix(in
xyz-d50) (#38487). 4 real stylesheets
- Match named colors without regard to ASCII case (#45092). 3 real
stylesheets
- Fold min(), max() and clamp() over plain numbers (#39515)
- `calc(l - .08)` in a percentage channel of a relative color became NaN
and printed `#000` (also #45970) (#45971)
- Bun.color: convert color() inputs instead of returning them as a CSS
string (#38488)
- A `color-mix(in srgb, ...)` result outside sRGB prints `color(srgb
...)` instead of a gamut-mapped hex (#39269)

**`calc()` and numbers**

- Rounding to 6 significant digits ate into the integer part:
`z-index:2147483647` became `2147480000`, `max-width:9999999px` became
`10000000px`, `--x:1234567.5` became `1234570`. It now only cuts a
fraction short: a value kept as tokens prints its source text, a typed
value prints every integer digit and at least one digit of the fraction
(#46715). 43 real stylesheets
- A number without a unit is no longer repaired into `px`
(`height:1.5715` is dropped by a standards-mode browser, so it prints as
written), `calc(-1 * 0)` is not a length, and on a property of the range
[0,∞] (sizes, border radii, padding, border and outline widths, gap,
`flex-basis`, `font-size`) a `calc()` that folds below zero prints `0`
instead of an invalid negative literal, and a negative literal no longer
replaces the valid declaration before it (`width:10px;width:-5px`
printed `width:-5px`) (#42104). 24 real stylesheets
- Print numbers from the f32's shortest digits, not its f64 expansion
(#38565). 17 real stylesheets
- Print negative numbers below 1 with a single minus sign (#38516)
- Keep math functions over two different length units as written
(#38489)
- Fold rem() with a truncated quotient, so it keeps the sign of the
dividend (#32286)
- A one-argument `min()` / `max()` around a sum printed without any
function (`width:100% - 20px`) (#46145)
- `round()` breaks ties upward and handles a negative step as browsers
do (#45249)

**CSS modules**

- A CSS module exports its `@keyframes` names (`styles.spin`). Hashing
is unchanged (#46720). 145 real stylesheets
- A name inside `:global(...)` prints plain but was exported as
`name_<hash>`, a class no rule has (also #38573) (#45487). 90 real
stylesheets
- Keep container names global in CSS modules (#45247). 6 real
stylesheets
- Tag the keyframes name when an `animation` value falls back to raw
tokens (#46034). 6 real stylesheets
- In a plain stylesheet `composes: a from "./b.css"` was treated as an
import: the file was inlined and an absolute path printed (#45961). 4
real stylesheets
- Drop a rejected composes instead of failing the file at print time
(#38538). 1 real stylesheets
- Keep every rule's custom properties for the composes conflict check
(#38523)
- Keep composes working after a nested rule in the same block (#38520)
- `IdentOrRef::hash` read 2 of 16 bytes, so in release builds every
class of a module hashed alike (#30784)

**Tokens, `url()`, diagnostics**

- The block skip stack no longer allocates on every block exit (#39533)
- Report the diagnostic's line without its line breaks in
position.lineText (#38342). 192 real stylesheets
- Compare `url()` values by their text (#46895). 26 real stylesheets
- Values kept as tokens keep the blanks they were written with instead
of having them re-invented at print time: `attr(x type(<number>))`
printed `type(< number> )`, which browsers drop. Minified output still
drops the blanks that cannot matter (#45577). 19 real stylesheets
- The IE star hack (`*zoom:1`) failed the whole build. The declaration
is skipped, as every browser does. It is the one syntax error that
builds: tachyons, handsontable and jasmine ship it (#46751). 8 real
stylesheets
- The path of a copied asset spliced into `url()` is always quoted, so a
file name with a space or a parenthesis cannot end the `url()` (#41557).
7 real stylesheets
- Move the skip loop of parse_until_before out of the generic body
(#39520)
- Remove dead code from bun_css: the unused `impl Default for Property`
(#45618)
- Default the at-rule and qualified-rule parser traits, drop the
url_to_css shim (#31999)

**Speed**

Four inputs that took quadratic or exponential time, or produced output
out of proportion, are now linear, with no new limit and no extra pass
(#31639, #42243, #38531, #43421).

**Tests only**

- `css-fuzz.test.ts` never ran in CI and timed out on debug builds; it
is a deterministic table now (#38500)
- `nth-anplusb-ident.test.ts` counts heaps in a child process (#46331)
- `color.test.ts` checks the ansi-16 sweep with one `expect()` (#42824)
- Not CSS, but it failed this PR's CI and fails on `main` too:
`ws-proxy.test.ts` on Windows, "a message sent during a TLS
renegotiation arrives after it". The helper server now renegotiates from
the callback of the frame's write (#46170)

**No pull request covered these**

- `--v: 5.0.1` printed as `5.1`, `--w: 1.0.0` as `10`, `--x: 1+2` as
`12`, `2n+1` as `2n1`: a number token that touches another keeps its
source text.
- `color-scheme: auto` printed as `normal`, and `color-scheme: dark
light` as `light dark`.
- A bare `:global` or `:local` in a CSS module sets the scope of the
names after it, up to the end of the selector, as in css-loader. It was
a build error.
- The scrollbar states (`a:horizontal`,
`::-webkit-scrollbar{&:horizontal{}}`) are valid in a plain compound, as
in WebKit and Blink.
- Without browser targets, `-webkit-box-align`, `-ms-flex-align` and the
like were dropped next to their standard form (flatpickr,
foundation-sites, materialize-css: 28 stylesheets), and
`-webkit-fill-available` before `-moz-available` (beercss).
- `(-o-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2/1)` printed as `2`.
- `sin()`, `cos()` and `tan()` are exact at multiples of 90deg:
`calc(100px * cos(90deg))` printed `-.00000437114px`.
- A `display-p3` color at targets that have P3 but not the other
`color()` spaces (Safari 10.1 to 14) got itself as a fallback.
- `width: rem(-18px, 5px)` folds to a negative literal once `rem()` is
right; it prints `0`.
- Consecutive nested declarations rules, which arise when same-query
`@media` blocks in one rule merge, are folded into one and count against
the existing selector expansion limit as the `&{}` rules they replace
did.

#### Known and not fixed here

- Four longhands are still folded into a `transition` the author did not
write where the targets add a prefixed copy of a property (`mask-image`
at Chrome 80): only the shorthand gives the copy its own times.
- A later `background`, `box-shadow` or `border-*` declaration still
loses to the `@supports` copy of an earlier `var()` value of the same
property with a wide-gamut color. Same on `main`; #45560 is taken for
the properties of the fallback handler and for unparsed values only.
- A merged rule prints the unprefixed name in the passes of the rule it
absorbed: `.d::-webkit-input-placeholder{}.d::-moz-placeholder{}` prints
`::placeholder` for the second (#42106, not taken: it breaks the merge
of prefix-equivalent rules).
- The `border`, `outline` and `font` shorthands, `line-height`,
`scroll-padding`, `background-size` and a few more still print a
`calc()` that folds below zero as a negative literal. No real stylesheet
has one.
- `all` is not a property Bun knows, so `a{margin-top:1px;all:unset}`
prints `all` first. Same on `main`.
- A selector kept as raw tokens loses the blank before `*` when
minified: `--sel: .dark *` prints `.dark*`. Same on `main`.
- `width:calc(0% + 12px)` folds to `12px`, which lays out differently in
a table cell. Same on `main`.
- The `:dir()` / `:lang()` rules of a lowered logical property print
before the nested rules of their rule, so a logical declaration written
after a nested rule of equal specificity still loses to it. Same on
`main`.
- A fraction is still rounded to 6 significant digits (`12345.678`
prints `12345.7`, `33.3333333333%` prints `33.3333%`). Keeping every
digit would add up to 282 KB over the corpus.
- `@keyframes "quoted"` is hashed in a module but not exported.
- In a module, a keyframes name inside a `var()` fallback is not hashed:
`animation: var(--enter, fade 1s)`. Same on `main`.
- A `color-mix()` or relative color folded to a hex inside a gradient
changes the interpolation from Oklab to sRGB (VS Code, clawhub).
Printing `color(srgb ..)` instead needs a fallback for `mask-image`,
`list-style-image` and custom properties at the default targets, which
have none.
- A comma list in `@container` still fails the build.
- After a bare `:global`, names that are hashed at print time
(`::view-transition-old(foo)`) are still hashed; inside `:global(...)`
they are not.

#### Pull requests in scope that do not land here

- Duplicates of a pull request that lands here: #36961 (of #37979),
#38478 (of #46662), #38480 (of #46733), #38482 (of #46715), #38491 (of
#38500), #38508 (of #45201), #38513 (of #45362), #38573 (of #45487),
#38640 (of #38500), #45525 (of #45247), #45589 (of #46756), #45970 (of
#45971)
- Already fixed on `main`: #38674
- Right, but for input nobody writes (0 of 10,116 stylesheets, and not
new syntax): #31916, #38526, #38592, #39349, #41139, #41801, #42042,
#42484, #43078, #45604, #45908, #46086, #46221, #46224, #46273, #46694,
#46707, #46737, #46755, #46816, #46870, #46934
- Right or harmless, but not worth their code, their bigger output or
the behavior they change: #30905, #31924, #33332, #34426, #36225,
#38006, #38512, #38547, #38551, #38561, #38572, #38576, #38607, #38623,
#38667, #38692, #42106, #42912, #42918, #43407, #43434, #44700, #45442,
#45546, #45747, #45759, #45825, #45946, #46061, #46127, #46206
- Need a decision (see above), stay open: #40368, #40369, #44647,
#44648, #45814
- Stays open: #45787

Out of scope: CSS linking and chunking in the bundler, the dev server,
docs-only pull requests, and repository-wide sweeps that touch `src/css`
in passing.

Thanks to @mikamikasuki (#45247), @alii (#39520, #31999) and @oddharsh,
whose measurements on #40369 and #41990 were used.

Fixes #16727.
Fixes #24770.
Fixes #30772.
Fixes #44704.
Fixes #45089.
Fixes #45237.
Fixes #46872.

### How did you verify your code works?

- The 35 CSS test files pass on a debug build, also with
`FORCE_COLOR=1`. 600+ of the tests in this branch fail on a build of
`main`. An earlier head of this branch passed all 179 CI jobs that ran.
- The reproduction of each issue listed above was run on `main` (wrong)
and on this branch (right).
- Differential run over the 10,116 stylesheets, `main` against this
branch, minified without targets and through `Bun.build` at the default
targets: no stylesheet that builds on `main` fails; Chromium 156
compares the output with the input rule by rule (CSSOM, then computed
values on a sized element in a standards-mode document, colors as
painted pixels in sRGB and P3). The comparison has 195 control pairs
that must read equal or different. For stylesheets that read differently
on both builds, mostly because of lowering, the sets of differences were
compared; the three new ones are two minifier fixtures that are wrong on
both and one comparison artifact.
- CSS modules are checked for consistency instead, since hashed names
defeat the comparison: every reference points at a name the output
defines, every export exists.
- `Bun.color`: 59 inputs in 13 formats on both builds; every changed
cell was read.
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