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node:http: release the server socket after a response that closes the connection - #42068

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@robobun robobun commented Sep 8, 2026 •

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Problem

  • A node:http server response that ends the connection (Connection: close in the response or the request, or an HTTP/1.0 request) only half-closes the socket. The server sends its FIN, then keeps the fd and the net.Socket (no 'close' event) until the client sends its FIN. Node.js closes behind the FIN.
  • onResponseFinishHandleSocket (src/js/node/_http_server.ts) called socket.end() where Node's resOnFinish calls socket.destroySoon(). The native end() only runs us_socket_shutdown. That shutdown also makes uWS skip its post-parse close gate (the request handler in HttpContext.h returns nullptr once us_socket_is_shut_down).

Fix

  • NodeHTTPServerSocket.destroySoon() sets a flag and ends the socket. _final passes it to the native end(true), which sends the FIN and closes at once. When response bytes are still buffered, HttpContext::onWritable closes once they drain (HTTP_NODE_CLOSE_AFTER_DRAIN, ended response or not).
  • onResponseFinishHandleSocket and the missing-Host 400 reply call destroySoon(). A socket.end() from user code keeps its half-close behavior.
  • Verified: test/js/node/http/node-http.test.ts (6 new cases, 5 fail on stock bun), Linux and Windows. Also test/js/node/http/ and test/parallel/test-http-*, same results as main.

Background

  • NodeHTTPServerSocket is the net.Socket subclass that node:http server code sees. Its kHandle is a C++ JSNodeHTTPServerSocket that wraps the uWS connection.
  • Node's net.Socket.destroySoon() is end() plus destroy() on 'finish'. Here 'finish' does not wait for the transport's send buffer, so a destroy() on it could drop response bytes. The close is sequenced natively instead.
  • uWS ends a Connection: close connection with shutdown() then close() once the response has drained, so Bun.serve already matches Node.
Notes
  • No user report. Found by comparing connection teardown with Node v26: 5 node:net clients with allowHalfOpen, one GET each against a handler that sets Connection: close, then hold the sockets. Stock bun 1.4.2: server-side 'close' events 0/5; socket fds 12 after 20 s. With this change: 5/5; socket fds 6 within the first second, same as Node.
  • TLS: end(true) sends close_notify and FIN through us_socket_shutdown, then closes with LIBUS_SOCKET_CLOSE_CODE_FAST_SHUTDOWN like _destroy() does, so the fd does not wait for the peer's close_notify. Checked with an https server: full body plus 'end' on the client, 'close' on the server socket right after.
  • Backpressure: a 32 MB Connection: close response to a paused client is delivered in full and the socket closes once it drains (this path already closed before the change).
  • socket.destroySoon() from user code while res.write() bytes are still queued and res.end() never comes: the queued bytes are delivered, then the connection closes (16 MB case in the test). Stock bun destroyed on 'finish' and truncated (2.6 MB of 16 MB delivered); the first revision of this PR left that connection open, hence HTTP_NODE_CLOSE_AFTER_DRAIN.
  • Raw socket.write() bytes that the kernel has not taken when end(true) runs get one more flush, and the close drops what is left. That is what destroy() did before on these sockets: only CONNECT/Upgrade tunnel sockets receive drain events, and their writes complete before _final runs. A res.write() tail above 16 KB that is held by reference rather than buffered is the subject of node:http: drain the pinned res.write() tail before socket.end() sends FIN #35027 and behaves as before.
  • node:http: keep receiving the request body after the response has ended #38196 adds the same _final to end(flag) argument for another reason (keep parsing a body that is still arriving). The two should share one flag. Whichever lands second rebases onto the other.
  • HTTP/1 fallback connections of node:http2 servers (allowHTTP1) use real net.Sockets and a separate finish path. They are not touched here (node:http: end HTTP/1 fallback connections after a response that must close them #37767 covers them).
  • Self-reviewed: 4 concerns raised, 4 addressed (a dead drain-event arm was removed in favor of the flush-then-close above, the overlap with node:http: keep receiving the request body after the response has ended #38196 and the fallback scope are stated here).
  • Other suites run with the debug build: test/js/node/http/ (all files), test/js/bun/http/node-http-halfclose-midupload.test.ts, test/js/node/test/parallel/test-http-* and test-https-* (same pass/fail set as a build of main), express, socket.io, hono.

[human-review] gate passed · iteration 1 · 7 files touched

fails on main (without fix)
ASAN without fix: BUILD FAILED (no junit output)
$ BUN_DEBUG_QUIET_LOGS=1 bun scripts/build.ts --profile=debug --quiet test "--reporter=junit" "--reporter-outfile=/tmp/pr_gate.xml" test/js/node/http/node-http.test.ts
ninja: Entering directory `/workspace/bun/build/debug'
[1/164] gen generated_host_exports.rs
generated_host_exports.rs: 122 exports (host=5, lazy=10, generic=107, rust=0); 242 extern-C blocks audited
[2/164] gen cpp.rs (cppbind)
[3/164] gen JS modules (bundle-modules)
Preprocess modules (7816ms)
Bundle modules (63ms)
Postprocesss modules (123ms)
Bundle Functions (468ms)
Generate Code (35ms)

[8.52s] Bundled "src/js" for development
  2786 kb
  197 internal modules
  13 native modules
  50 internal functions across 16 files
[3/164] cargo bun_runtime → libbun_runtime.a
[4/164] cc obj/codegen/InternalModuleRegistryConstants.S.o
FAILED: rust-target/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/debug/libbun_runtime.a 
/workspace/bun/build/release/bun /workspace/bun/scripts/build/stream.ts rust --console --cwd=/workspace/bun --env=CARGO_TERM_COLOR=always --env=BUN_CODEGEN_DIR=/workspace/bun/build/debug/codegen --env=CC=/usr/lib/llvm-21/bin/clang --env=CXX=/usr/lib/llvm-21/bin/clang++ --env=AR=/usr/lib/llvm-21/bin/llvm-ar --en
... (truncated)

release without fix: 1 failed, 1 skipped
bun test v1.4.3-canary.1 (638ff17b7)

test/js/node/http/node-http.test.ts:
(pass) node:http > createServer > hello world [11.42ms]
(pass) node:http > createServer > is not marked encrypted (#5867) [2.44ms]
(pass) node:http > createServer > request & response body streaming (large) [4.16ms]
(pass) node:http > createServer > request & response body streaming (small) [1.85ms]
(pass) node:http > createServer > listen should return server [0.99ms]
(pass) node:http > createServer > listen callback should be bound to server [0.72ms]
(pass) node:http > createServer > emits 'listening' on the next tick, before the event loop polls [1.06ms]
(pass) node:http > createServer > emits a listen() error on the next tick, before the event loop polls [1.23ms]
(pass) node:http > createServer > calls the listen() callback after a retry from the EADDRINUSE 'error' handler [1.56ms]
(pass) node:http > createServer > http: closing a server listened from 'beforeExit' > re-emits 'beforeExit' [33.28ms]
(pass) node:http > createServer > https: closing a server listened from 'beforeExit' > re-emits 'beforeExit' [34.94ms]
(pass) node:http > createServer > should use the provided port [1.20ms]
(pa
... (truncated)
passes on PR (with fix)
ASAN with fix: 1 skipped
$ BUN_DEBUG_QUIET_LOGS=1 bun scripts/build.ts --profile=debug --quiet test "--reporter=junit" "--reporter-outfile=/tmp/pr_gate.xml" test/js/node/http/node-http.test.ts
bun test v1.4.3 (a3e0ab60c)

test/js/node/http/node-http.test.ts:
(pass) node:http > createServer > hello world [438.15ms]
(pass) node:http > createServer > is not marked encrypted (#5867) [70.98ms]
(pass) node:http > createServer > request & response body streaming (large) [109.78ms]
(pass) node:http > createServer > request & response body streaming (small) [70.92ms]
(pass) node:http > createServer > listen should return server [20.04ms]
(pass) node:http > createServer > listen callback should be bound to server [26.57ms]
(pass) node:http > createServer > emits 'listening' on the next tick, before the event loop polls [36.59ms]
(pass) node:http > createServer > emits a listen() error on the next tick, before the event loop polls [45.21ms]
(pass) node:http > createServer > calls the listen() callback after a retry from the EADDRINUSE 'error' handler [48.83ms]
(pass) node:http > createServer > http: closing a server listened from 'beforeExit' > re-emits 'beforeExit' [1267.08ms]
(pass) node:http > crea
... (truncated)

release with fix: 1 skipped
$ bun scripts/build.ts --profile=release
[configured] bun-profile → bun (stripped) in 763ms (unchanged)
ninja: Entering directory `/workspace/bun/build/release'
[1/125] gen generated_host_exports.rs
generated_host_exports.rs: 122 exports (host=5, lazy=10, generic=107, rust=0); 242 extern-C blocks audited
[2/125] gen cpp.rs (cppbind)
[3/125] gen JS modules (bundle-modules)
Preprocess modules (7988ms)
Bundle modules (60ms)
Postprocesss modules (191ms)
Bundle Functions (521ms)
Generate Code (43ms)

[8.81s] Bundled "src/js" for production
  2595 kb
  197 internal modules
  13 native modules
  50 internal functions across 16 files
[3/124] cargo bun_runtime → libbun_runtime.a
�[1m�[92m   Compiling�[0m bun_core v0.0.0 (/workspace/bun/src/bun_core)
�[1m�[92m   Compiling�[0m bun_errno v0.0.0 (/workspace/bun/src/errno)
�[1m�[92m   Compiling�[0m bun_ptr v0.0.0 (/workspace/bun/src/ptr)
�[1m�[92m   Compiling�[0m bun_boringssl_sys v0.0.0 (/workspace/bun/src/boringssl_sys)
�[1m�[92m   Compiling�[0m bun_safety v0.0.0 (/workspace/bun/src/safety)
�[1m�[92m   Compiling�[0m bun_base64 v0.0.0 (/workspace/bun/src/base64)
�[1m�[92m   Compiling�[0m bun_cares_sys v0.0.0 (/workspace/bun/
... (truncated)
diff hotspot
packages/bun-uws/src/HttpContext.h                 |   6 +
 packages/bun-uws/src/HttpResponseData.h            |   9 +-
 src/js/node/_http_server.ts                        |  28 +++-
 src/jsc/bindings/node/JSNodeHTTPServerSocket.cpp   |  12 +-
 src/jsc/bindings/node/JSNodeHTTPServerSocket.h     |   2 +-
 .../node/JSNodeHTTPServerSocketPrototype.cpp       |  15 +-
 test/js/node/http/node-http.test.ts                | 154 ++++++++++++++++++---
 7 files changed, 192 insertions(+), 34 deletions(-)

gate history · 2 passed · 0 rejected · iteration 1

evidence per changed file
file                                                      reads  edits  tests
packages/bun-uws/src/HttpContext.h                            5      1     28
packages/bun-uws/src/HttpResponseData.h                       2      3     28
src/js/node/_http_server.ts                                   9     13     28
src/jsc/bindings/node/JSNodeHTTPServerSocket.cpp              5      5     28
src/jsc/bindings/node/JSNodeHTTPServerSocket.h                3      5     28
…c/jsc/bindings/node/JSNodeHTTPServerSocketPrototype.cpp      6      7     28
test/js/node/http/node-http.test.ts                           5      6     28

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  • packages/bun-uws/src/HttpContext.h
  • packages/bun-uws/src/HttpResponseData.h
  • src/js/node/_http_server.ts
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  • src/jsc/bindings/node/JSNodeHTTPServerSocket.h
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@github-actions github-actions Bot added the claude label Sep 8, 2026
@robobun

robobun commented Sep 8, 2026 •

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Reproduction: an http.createServer handler that sets Connection: close and ends, 5 node:net clients with allowHalfOpen: true that send one GET each and then hold their sockets. Stock bun 1.4.2 on Linux: server-side 'close' events 0/5; socket fds 12 after 20 s. Node v26.3.0 and this branch: 5/5; socket fds 6 within the first second. The same holds for a Connection: close request header, an HTTP/1.0 request, and the built-in 400 for a missing Host header.

The new cases in test/js/node/http/node-http.test.ts ("a response that closes the connection releases the server-side socket without waiting for the peer") fail on stock bun (the four response cases time out, the backed-up destroySoon() case delivers 2.6 MB of 16 MB) and pass with this change on Linux (debug/ASAN), macOS x64 and Windows x64.

CI (build 113243): every lane that ran this diff's tests is green, including node-http.test.ts on darwin x64 (159 pass). The two red jobs are unrelated: test/js/node/test/parallel/test-crypto-dh-leak.js on debian x64-asan also fails on main, and the darwin aarch64 shard 0/2 timed out before its runner printed anything inside the Tart guest (no test ran). Ready for review.

@robobun

robobun commented Sep 8, 2026 •

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Updated 2:47 PM PT - Sep 8th, 2026

❌ @robobun, your commit 4f3e655 has 1 failures in Build #113243 (All Failures):


🧪   To try this PR locally:

bunx bun-pr 42068

That installs a local version of the PR into your bun-42068 executable, so you can run:

bun-42068 --bun

Comment thread src/js/node/_http_server.ts
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robobun force-pushed the robobun/afcf4832/node-http-release-closed-connection branch from 638ff17 to ae2e5cf Compare September 8, 2026 19:31
Comment thread src/js/node/_http_server.ts Outdated
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Comment thread src/js/node/_http_server.ts Outdated
Comment thread src/js/node/_http_server.ts Outdated
Comment thread src/jsc/bindings/node/JSNodeHTTPServerSocket.cpp Outdated
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Comment thread src/jsc/bindings/node/JSNodeHTTPServerSocketPrototype.cpp Outdated
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robobun force-pushed the robobun/afcf4832/node-http-release-closed-connection branch from ae2e5cf to f8e2bf3 Compare September 8, 2026 19:39
Comment thread src/js/node/_http_server.ts Outdated
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Comment thread src/jsc/bindings/node/JSNodeHTTPServerSocket.h Outdated
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Comment thread src/jsc/bindings/node/JSNodeHTTPServerSocketPrototype.cpp Outdated
… connection

A response that ends the connection (Connection: close in the response
or the request, or an HTTP/1.0 request) only half-closed the socket: the
server sent its FIN and then kept the fd and the net.Socket until the
client sent its own FIN. Node.js calls socket.destroySoon() there, which
closes right behind the FIN.

NodeHTTPServerSocket now implements destroySoon() on top of a native
end(true) that shuts the socket down and closes it at once, or, when
response bytes are still queued in uWS, has HttpContext::onWritable shut
down and close once they have flushed (HTTP_NODE_CLOSE_AFTER_DRAIN, so a
response that never ends does not hold the close back). resOnFinish's
equivalent and the missing-Host 400 reply use it.
@robobun
robobun force-pushed the robobun/afcf4832/node-http-release-closed-connection branch from f8e2bf3 to 4f3e655 Compare September 8, 2026 19:45

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Code review completed

Nothing new to post: everything this review found is already covered by existing comments on this pull request or didn't merit a separate one.

Jarred-Sumner added a commit that referenced this pull request Sep 26, 2026
…inish, lifecycle) (#43557)

One pull request for the open `node:http` server pull requests. Each
root cause is fixed once, and each pull request's tests are carried
over. Node is the reference: every scenario was run under Node and under
Bun from one script, and the outputs were compared.

Fixes #4733
Fixes #18613
Fixes #40350
Fixes #43155
Fixes #43297
Fixes #43513
Fixes #43527
Fixes #25632
Fixes #31301
Fixes #43027
Fixes #43163
Fixes #43342
Fixes #43344
Fixes #43370
Fixes #43490
Fixes #43512
Fixes #43519

Each of these has a repro that is wrong on Bun 1.4.3, right on this
branch, and the same as Node.

| Issue | Not closed by this PR, because |
| --- | --- |
| #30501 (msal-node keeps Bun alive at exit) | Probably fixed. The repro
copies the teardown of msal-node. The package itself was not run. |
| #14430 (yarn: "does not support SSL") | Probably fixed.
`response.hasOwnProperty("socket")` is now `true`. yarn itself was not
run. |
| #39681 (`server.setTimeout` callback after destroy) | Probably fixed.
The repro is the deterministic case of #39686. The script in the issue
depends on timing and on Windows. |
| #43455 (`req.complete`, nine flows) | Partially addressed. Flows 1, 2,
3, 5 and 7 are fixed, and flow 6 was already right. Flow 8 (a socket
timeout while the body of an Upgrade request arrives) and flow 9 (a
request that `stream.pipeline()` destroyed never reports `complete`) are
not. Flow 4 differs only in `_readableState.ended`. |

### What changes for users

| Area | Before | After (same as Node) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `req.pause()` | The socket stops at once. `req.complete` stays `false`
for a small body. | The body is received until the buffer is full. Then
the socket stops. |
| `res.end()` before the body arrives | `req` gets `'end'` and `'close'`
at once, and the body is lost | The request completes when its body
really ends |
| `res.destroy()` in the middle of a body | `'end'` with bytes missing |
`aborted`, then `ECONNRESET` |
| `socket.destroy()` inside the `'request'` listener | The body that
came with the head is dropped | That body is still delivered |
| `'finish'` and the `end()` callback | Fire when `end()` buffers the
bytes | Fire when the last bytes have left the socket |
| A response that closes the connection | The server half-closes and
waits for the peer | The socket closes right behind the FIN |
| `'drain'` after a later write flushed the backlog | Lost. `pipe(res)`
could hang. | Emitted |
| A pipelined request whose body continues after the previous response
ends | Body dropped, no response, `server.close()` hangs | Delivered |
| CONNECT and Upgrade tunnel sockets | Keep reading when paused or full
| Stop reading. `_read()` starts them again. |
| A tunnel write that waits for a drain when the client goes away | Its
callback, the callbacks of the writes behind it and the `end()` callback
never run | They run with an error before `'close'` |
| Upgrade request with a body, paused in its listener | The body flows
away | The request keeps its body |
| `ws` on a reused keep-alive socket | Writes after the Upgrade could
stall | Sent |
| A raw `socket.write()` behind a response that still drains (the 400
for a bad pipelined request, the reply of a `'clientError'` listener) |
Lands in the middle of that response | Sent after it |
| `server.close()` | Could report closed while connections were open |
Waits for every connection. An idle tunnel does not keep the process
alive. |
| `closeAllConnections()` on a listening server | Also stops the
listener and destroys tunnels and WebSockets | Destroys only the HTTP
connections |
| `Proxy-Connection: close` (node:http only) | Ignored. The connection
stays open. | Ends the connection, like `Connection: close` |
| A response larger than 16 KB, also in `Bun.serve` and over TLS | Up to
4 `send()` calls for each chunk. Slower than Node in most cases. | One
write for the writes of one tick. 1.1x to 2.7x the requests per second
of main, and faster than Node. |
| `socket.destroy()` and then `res.end()` in a listener | (this PR,
earlier) `req` ended as if it were complete | `'aborted'`, then
`ECONNRESET` |
| `emit('connection')` or http2 `allowHTTP1`: the response ends while
the listener still reads the body | The rest of the body is dropped |
The body is complete |
| `httpValidation: "relaxed"`, `Content-Length` or `Transfer-Encoding`
in trailers | Accepted | `HPE_INVALID_CONTENT_LENGTH`,
`HPE_INVALID_TRANSFER_ENCODING` |
| `req.complete` inside `'connect'`, and inside `'upgrade'` without a
body | `false` | `true` |
| `optimizeEmptyRequests`: `socket.parser.incoming` after the response |
Keeps the request alive on an idle connection | `null` |
| A HEAD or OPTIONS request with `Content-Length` | The body is dropped,
and `req.complete` is `true` before it comes | The request has its body
|
| `res.end(chunk)` after the client went away | `finished` and
`writableEnded` stay `false`, no `'prefinish'` | The response ends |
| An HTTP/1.0 request with an `Expect` header | `100 Continue`,
`'checkContinue'`, `'checkExpectation'` or a 417 | A plain `'request'` |
| The idle sweep of `close()` and `closeIdleConnections()` | Could
destroy a connection that was still receiving a request, or whose
response was still draining | Closes only idle connections |

### Design

| Piece | What it is |
| --- | --- |
| Request body state | `None / Pending / Complete / Aborted / Upgraded /
Detached`. Only the last chunk sets `Complete`. One function,
`leave_pending`, is the only other way out of `Pending`. |
| Read flow control | One path: `push()` returning false stops the
socket, `_read()` starts it. Both native pause buffers are removed: no
read is copied and replayed. |
| "This read is parsed" signal | `notifyWhenReadParsed()` sets a uws
state bit. uws delivers a `readParsed` event after the read. It replaces
a `setImmediate`. |
| Close during a parse | One uws bit defers a close to the end of the
current message. |
| Response finish | A response is finished when it has ended and the
socket has fully drained. |
| Idle connection | One rule, `HttpResponse::closeIfIdle()`. A
connection is idle when it receives no request (head or body) and no
response is in flight, queued or undrained. The sweep of `close()` and
`closeIdleConnections()` both use it. |
| Idle tunnel | A tunnel at read EOF with nothing left to send. uws
reports it to the server through the connection filter (`-3`, `+3`,
`-4`). It still counts for `'close'`, but it does not hold the event
loop, like a libuv handle in that state. |
| Server `'close'` | One native close promise per `listen()`. `close()`
records whether its sweep left nothing open. Then a `listen()` in the
same tick cannot hold `'close'` back, as in
`net.Server._emitCloseIfDrained`. |
| Raw socket writes | While uws holds response bytes (its buffer, the
zero-copy tail of a `res.write()`, the cork buffer), a raw write goes
through `AsyncSocket::write`, the path a 1xx line takes. So the order on
the wire is the order of the calls. |
| Upgrade verdict | One scanner and one verdict, shared by the parser
and the dispatcher. |
| llhttp | Updated from 9.3.0 to 9.4.2, as Node v26.5.0 vendors it, plus
one local patch (see below). Node v26.5.1 and later vendor 9.4.3. That
update is not in this PR. |

The parser changes also tighten request framing so that it agrees with
llhttp in more cases. There is no new API surface.

### A pause holds from the next read

The copy of the rest of a read (`nodeHttpPausedSpill`), its replay from
a posted task and the nested parse are removed. Like in Node, the rest
of the read that caused a pause is still parsed, and the socket stops at
the next read. usockets reads up to 512 KB in one call. libuv reads 64
KB.

| One paused, unread request (client sends 64 MB) | Bytes held |
| --- | --- |
| Node 25.6 | 131,018 |
| This pull request | 524,234 |

The price is in one case. A client sends 512 KB of small pipelined
requests (19,418 of them) and never reads. Each handler answers with its
own 64 KB body:

| Handler | Runtime | Requests dispatched | RSS |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Answers at once | Node 26.3 | 2,425 | +177 MB |
| Answers at once | main | 41 | +9 MB |
| Answers at once | This PR | 2,425 | +171 MB |
| Answers one tick later | Node 26.3 | 4,850 | +336 MB |
| Answers one tick later | main | 2,426 | +181 MB |
| Answers one tick later | This PR | 4,850 | +330 MB |

Release builds on Linux x64. This PR now does what Node does. main held
fewer responses, mostly for a handler that answers at once. On macOS one
read can return all 512 KB. There, Bun 1.4.3 already reached +951 MB for
the handler that answers one tick later, and Node reached +1,294 MB.
`server.maxRequestsPerSocket` bounds it.

### Performance

#### Responses larger than 16 KB are faster, and now faster than Node

On main, a response that did not fit the 16 KB uWS cork buffer released
the cork. After that, each piece was its own `send()`: the buffered
head, the chunk-size line, the data, the `\r\n` and the last chunk. Over
TLS, each 2-byte piece was also its own record. Two changes fix that,
for `Bun.serve` and for node:http:

| Change | Effect |
| --- | --- |
| A write that does not fit goes out with the cork buffer and its
framing in one vectored write | No copy is added. Over TLS, the records
of all the pieces share the write batch that one `SSL_write` loop
already had. |
| The cork buffer holds 128 KB, up from 16 KB. Only a write of 16 KB or
less is copied into it, as before. | Several writes in one tick go out
in one write, like in Node. A longer write still goes out without a
copy. |

The bytes on the wire are the same. The vectored write uses `sendmsg()`
with the flags that `send()` uses.

Write syscalls for one response:

| Response | Node 26.3 | main | This PR |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 4 x `res.write(16 KB)` | 1 | 16 | 1 |
| 40 x `res.write(2 KB)` | 1 | 16 | 1 |
| `res.end(64 KB)` | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| 256 KB file, `.pipe(res)` | 4 | 16 | 5 |

Throughput (req/s, the mean of 2 rounds). Node v26.3.0, main
`97246d044e`, this PR `fe0ed1fbea`, with the method below:

| Case | Node | main | This PR | main / Node | PR / Node | PR / main |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| http, 4 x `res.write(16 KB)` | 17,735 | 6,983 | 19,160 | 0.39x | 1.08x
| 2.74x |
| https, 4 x `res.write(16 KB)` | 11,720 | 6,110 | 15,510 | 0.52x |
1.32x | 2.54x |
| http, 40 x `res.write(2 KB)` | 9,879 | 6,140 | 14,980 | 0.62x | 1.52x
| 2.44x |
| https, 40 x `res.write(2 KB)` | 6,981 | 5,541 | 11,780 | 0.79x | 1.69x
| 2.13x |
| http, `res.end(64 KB)` | 18,535 | 16,528 | 19,889 | 0.89x | 1.07x |
1.20x |
| http, 256 KB file `.pipe(res)` | 2,684 | 2,375 | 2,719 | 0.88x | 1.01x
| 1.15x |
| https, `res.end(64 KB)` | 11,894 | 14,586 | 16,426 | 1.23x | 1.38x |
1.13x |
| http, GET hello (control) | 55,994 | 70,989 | 71,958 | 1.27x | 1.29x |
1.01x |

main was slower than Node in six of these eight cases. This PR is faster
than Node in all eight.

`Bun.serve`, measured on `a771572a8d`, before the larger cork buffer
(req/s, the mean of 2 rounds):

| Case | main | PR | Change |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Direct stream, 4 x 16 KB | 6,826 | 12,479 | +83% |
| 64 KB string | 16,944 | 20,145 | +19% |
| TLS, 64 KB string | 15,045 | 16,892 | +12% |
| hello (control) | 83,957 | 83,137 | -1.0% |

These runs are on loopback, where the kernel send buffer is 2.6 MB and
the work of the receiver runs inside `send()`. That is the best case for
fewer writes. A new connection over a real network takes about 46 KB in
its first write on Linux. The rest waits in the socket buffer, as it
would after separate writes.

#### Small responses are unchanged

A small response is already one `recvfrom` and one `sendto` on both
builds. `perf` puts 66% of the time of a hello-world server in the
kernel, on both builds.

CI release builds on Linux x64: main `97246d044e` (the merge base)
against this PR `8834cd0787`. Both use the same WebKit. The server runs
on one pinned core. `oha` sends 64 connections for 5 s after a 2 s
warm-up. There are 2 rounds, and the order of the builds alternates.
"Change" compares the means of the two rounds.

Framework servers from `bun-perf-tester` (req/s):

| Server | main, round 1 | main, round 2 | PR, round 1 | PR, round 2 |
Change |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| express | 49,803 | 51,103 | 49,968 | 50,263 | -0.7% |
| fastify | 61,214 | 61,105 | 60,705 | 60,668 | -0.8% |
| node:http | 70,934 | 71,405 | 73,178 | 71,053 | +1.3% |
| elysia | 84,696 | 85,096 | 85,027 | 84,882 | +0.1% |
| `Bun.serve` | 89,020 | 89,099 | 88,168 | 88,373 | -0.9% |

node:http paths that this PR changes (req/s):

| Case | main, round 1 | main, round 2 | PR, round 1 | PR, round 2 |
Change |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| GET hello | 70,226 | 70,341 | 70,151 | 72,359 | +1.4% |
| POST, 16 KB body | 47,446 | 47,789 | 48,191 | 48,785 | +1.8% |
| 64 KB response in four writes | 6,885 | 6,894 | 6,834 | 6,868 | -0.6%
|
| Pipelined keep-alive, depth 8 | 94,063 | 93,294 | 92,909 | 93,809 |
-0.3% |

p99 latency (ms), the higher of the two rounds:

| Server | main | PR |
| --- | --- | --- |
| express | 1.94 | 1.91 |
| fastify | 1.52 | 1.55 |
| node:http | 1.11 | 1.12 |
| elysia | 0.98 | 0.96 |
| `Bun.serve` | 0.82 | 0.83 |

RSS (MB), one pass of 8 s of load:

| Server | Build | Start | Under load | 5 s idle | 15 s idle |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| express | main | 39 | 94 | 61 | 57 |
| express | PR | 40 | 92 | 60 | 57 |
| fastify | main | 41 | 91 | 58 | 55 |
| fastify | PR | 41 | 91 | 58 | 55 |
| node:http | main | 20 | 64 | 43 | 40 |
| node:http | PR | 20 | 65 | 45 | 41 |
| elysia | main | 28 | 46 | 36 | 35 |
| elysia | PR | 29 | 46 | 37 | 36 |
| `Bun.serve` | main | 14 | 30 | 22 | 22 |
| `Bun.serve` | PR | 14 | 30 | 22 | 22 |

Every change is within 2%. fastify and `Bun.serve` hello are lower in
both rounds, by about 1%. `Bun.serve` hello shows the same -1.0% in the
control row above, so a small real cost there is possible. The RSS pass
ran at the same time as the throughput runs, on other cores. The commits
after `8834cd0787` change tests and add one version check to the
node:http dispatcher. They were not measured.

### Supersedes

| Theme | Pull requests |
| --- | --- |
| Request body | #43592 #43579 #38196 #43518 #43602 #43408 #43427 #43597
#43555 #43456 #43466 |
| Tunnels | #43570 #43485. #43596 is a duplicate of #43570. |
| Parser | #43182 #43161 #43326 #43327 #40505 #43363 #42532 #42194 |
| Response write | #39386 #43371 #43548 #43499 #43496 #43464 #42008
#43549 |
| Response finish | #40351 #43021 #41822 #43473 #42068 #35207 #43425
#43503 |
| Lifecycle | #43413 #39686 #43028 #42727 #42622 #42610 #35837 #35839
#37825 #37749 #43376 #35268 |
| JS API | #41691 #41738 #38036 #42462 #36527 #39718 #37964. #42947
merged on its own. |

The close drain, `resetAndDestroy()`, the pending write callback
handling and the response `'close'` ordering come from #42622 and #42727
by @steipete. The diagnosis and the tests for the stalled `ws` writes
come from his #42610.

Not included:

| Pull request | Reason |
| --- | --- |
| #33061 | main already enforces `headersTimeout` and `requestTimeout` |
| #41672 | It makes `http.createServer({ key, cert })` stop serving TLS.
That needs a product decision. |
| #37543 | A type refactor with no tests and no user-visible change |
| #35465 | It makes `http.Server` extend `net.Server`. Only the
prototype chains were joined. The `net.Server` constructor never ran, so
`_handle` and `_connections` were `undefined`, and
`_emitCloseIfDrained()` emitted `'close'` on a listening server. The
server is backed by uWS, not `node:net`. |
| The `AutoFlusher` removal in #42622 | It makes `flushHeaders()` flush
at once. That is a performance change with no relation to the rest. |

### Tests

| Check | Result on a debug build (macOS arm64) | Head |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Every test file that this PR touches (28 files) | 1,866 pass, 2 fail.
The 2 failures are `serve.test.ts` "bounds memory when proxying ... to a
stalled client". They fail the same way on a debug build of main. |
`83af4da4a3`, run before the last commit of main came in |
| `test/js/third_party/express` (9 files) and the `body-parser` test |
299 pass, 0 fail | `83af4da4a3`, run before the last commit of main came
in |
| Node 25.6 against Bun, 32 scenarios from two scripts (event order,
framing, lifecycle) | No regression against Bun 1.4.3 | `0ff1a23f61` |
| Every vendored Node `test-http-*` and `test-https-*` file, plus the
`test-net-*` and `test-tls-*` files for pause, write, end and close |
535 of 537 exit 0. `test-http-agent-keepalive.js` and
`test-https-timeout.js` fail on that debug build. Both pass on every CI
lane. | `daee05fcfd` (before the rebase) |
| The tests that depend on what the kernel takes in one send, on Windows
Server 2019 x64 and Windows 11 arm64 | pass | `3eef223328` (x64),
`a29289bcc1` (arm64) |
| CI build 120191 (Linux, macOS and Windows, release and ASAN) | every
lane passed | `daee05fcfd` (before the rebase) |

Each new test fails on Bun 1.4.3, or on the commit before its fix for a
fault that this branch introduced.

The two tests over the limit are `node-http-connect.test.ts` ("tests
should run on bun") and `node-http-syscall-fault.test.ts` ("racing a
queued drain"). Each starts a debug subprocess that needs more than 5 s
on this machine. Both pass on CI.

### Changes in the last push

The branch is rebased on main (`daee05fcfd` was the head before). It is
now linear.

Four regressions against main, each with a test that fails without its
fix:

| Case | main | Before this push | Now (same as Node) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `emit('connection')` or http2 `allowHTTP1`: `res.end()` on a request
that nobody reads | `'end'`, `'close'` | No events | `'end'`, `'close'`
|
| The same server, an unread 32 MB body | 0 bytes held | 32 MB held | 0
bytes held |
| A NUL in a header value with `httpValidation: "relaxed"` (client,
`HTTPParser`, `emit('connection')` server) | Accepted | The process
spins forever | `HPE_INVALID_HEADER_TOKEN` |
| `Connection: close`, body in the same read as the head, a 20 KB
response before the body is read | `'end'` with an empty body | No
events on `req` | `'end'` with the body, `'close'` |
| An empty line on an idle keep-alive connection, then `server.close()`
| 0 s | About 6 s | 0 s |

| Fix | Where |
| --- | --- |
| The finish listener of a fallback connection dumps an unread request,
like Node's `resOnFinish` | `http1_server_fallback.ts` |
| llhttp patch: `llhttp__internal__c_test_lenient_flags_20` is false for
a NUL. The relaxed state does not consume a NUL, and the next state sent
it back there. 9.4.3 has the same loop. | `llhttp.c`, noted in its
`README.md` |
| A node:http socket that `onData` is parsing gets the close gate of
`onData`, also when a large write released the cork | `HttpResponse.h`
`uncorkCompletedResponse()` |
| A read that starts no message leaves an idle connection idle |
`HttpContext.h` `onData` |

The open review threads are fixed in `8834cd0787`:
`closeAllConnections()`, `Proxy-Connection: close`, five comments cut to
one line, and the test of two overlapping listeners, which now waits on
events. With the generation gate in `emitCloseServer` removed, that test
fails in both cases. `AsyncSocketData` keeps its bools together, which
takes it from 56 to 48 bytes per socket.

`http.Server` no longer extends `net.Server` (see "Not included"). The
special case for it in `Ipc.ts` is gone too. `child.send(msg,
httpServer)` still throws `ERR_INVALID_HANDLE_TYPE`, and its test stays.

<details><summary>Changes since the first revision (2988a61)</summary>

Merged with main at `c8e1f6fa5b`. The one conflict was #43708
(`req.socket` emits `'end'` and `'error'`). Its state bit
`HTTP_NODE_PEER_ENDED` moved to bit 22, because bit 19 is
`HTTP_NODE_NOTIFY_READ_PARSED` here. Its 15 tests run in
`node-http-server-abort-events.test.ts` next to the tests of this branch
(103 pass).

CI on `2988a610c` had ten red tests from four causes. They are fixed:
- `ed882e5e99`: `write()` to a response without a body (HEAD, 204) does
not wait for unsent bytes.
- `811f817704`: an idle tunnel does not hold the event loop after
`server.close()`. Four vendored Node tests timed out on every platform.
- `0697deec11`, `d428824c08`, `7aec062d14`: the write callback tests use
a body that backs up a loopback socket, and accept what Winsock does.
- `c7af1c1615`: two tests from main asserted the old `close()` contract.

Review findings, each reproduced against Node v26.3.0 and fixed with a
test that fails without the fix:
- `d4d2b783ea`, `2cc79939bb`, `45141abca9`, `9a63dbc470`, `80a23a1822`:
the idle rule. A keep-alive connection is idle again when its body ends
after its response. A connection that owes a queued pipelined response,
that still receives a request head or body, or whose response still
drains is not idle.
- `87d8904aa3`, `7eca4f7806`: `close(cb)` followed by `listen()` in the
same tick reports `'close'`, also for an https server whose only
connection was idle.
- `3fd7b25382`: a paused pipelined request behind a response that still
drains stops the connection. The first revision read 512 MiB of 512 MiB
into memory.
- `2d1a5e2d8d`, `33e4683a8a`, `539cb41eb9`, `197c7dfc29`, `0490e3540b`:
raw socket writes stay behind every unsent response byte. The cases were
a CONNECT pipelined behind a response that still drains (its `200`
landed at offset 2.6 MB of a 64 MiB body), a zero-length tunnel write
(it hung the tunnel), the 400 replies above, the zero-copy tail of a
large `res.write()`, the cork buffer, and Windows 11, where the kernel
takes the whole response and refuses the next send.
- `0abd39c133`: an upgrade from the request's `'end'` listener keeps the
body bytes out of the WebSocket. The connection closed with 1006 right
after the 101.
- `5aafc61aa6`: the callback of a small `res.write()` that the kernel
refuses at the uncork runs on the drain. Reproduced on Windows 11 only.
- `a29289bcc1`: a tunnel write that waits for a drain settles its
callbacks when the connection closes.

Known differences from Node that this PR leaves:
- A handler that calls `res.end()` and then `server.close()` closes its
keep-alive connection at once. Node waits for the `keepAliveTimeout`.
- A pipelined Upgrade behind a response that still drains is served as a
plain request.
- An `end()` on a tunnel with no write pending, while the response
before the CONNECT still drains, closes both directions after the flush.
Node half-closes.
- A raw `req.socket.write(big)` and `req.socket.end()` with no
`res.end()` sends every byte but no FIN. main loses bytes here.
- A CONNECT socket that is given back with `server.emit('connection',
socket)` answers only the first of several pipelined requests. main
answers none.
- A large write from an `'upgrade'` listener stalls while the body of
that Upgrade request is still pending. A second `listen()` on a
listening server does not throw. Both are the same on main.
- A tunnel write that fails because the client went away fails its
callbacks but emits no `'error'`. Node emits `ECONNRESET`. A new
`'error'` could end a process that has no listener for it.

</details>

<!-- robobun:evidence:begin -->

---

**no test proof** · iteration 8 · platform-specific test(s) that do not
run on this machine, deferring to CI, which covers all platforms:
test/js/web/fetch/fetch.stream.test.ts, test/js/node/url/url.test.ts,
test/js/node/tls/tls-syscall-fault.test.ts,
test/js/node/net/node-net-server.test.ts,
test/js/node/http/node-http.test.ts,
test/js/node/http/node-http-syscall-fault.test.ts,
test/js/node/http/node-http-server-close-drain.test.ts,
test/js/node/http/node-http-connect.test.ts,
test/js/node/http/node-http-backpressure.test.ts,
test/js/node/child_process/child_process_ipc_handle.test.ts,
test/js/bun/http/serve.test.ts,
test/js/bun/http/serve-syscall-fault.test.ts,
test/js/bun/http/bun-server.test.ts

<!-- robobun:evidence:end -->

---------

Co-authored-by: Jarred Sumner <jarred@jarredsumner.com>
Co-authored-by: autofix-ci[bot] <114827586+autofix-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
@Jarred-Sumner

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Superseded by #43557, which is merged (5d5f03f). It fixes this once for the whole node:http server and carries the tests over.

@robobun

robobun commented Sep 26, 2026

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Confirmed on main at 5d5f03f (debug build of that checkout, Linux x64).

  • The reproduction from this PR now gives server-side 'close' events 5/5; socket fds 6 for all three triggers: a Connection: close response header, a Connection: close request header, and an HTTP/1.0 request. Stock 1.4.2 still gives 0/5; socket fds 11.
  • The six cases under "a response that closes the connection releases the server-side socket without waiting for the peer" in test/js/node/http/node-http.test.ts pass.

Nothing is left for this PR to do.

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