feat: Initial ACIR parser (arithmetic exprs and black box functions)

[vezenovm]

Description

Problem*

Initial work towards #9315

I decided to push this PR as to make reviewing easier. I will checkout from this branch for the remaining work, but feel free to review now as this parser is isolated.

Summary*

• Builds out the initial parsing infrastructure. Thanks to @asterite for a lovely SSA parser on which this parser was modeled. This greatly sped up the initial development (e.g., the lexer is essentially the same).
• Parses a single Circuit<FieldElement>, does not handle multiple circuits
• Builds a Circuit<FieldElement> directly. I decided to skip building a separate AST and translating to a circuit. The circuit structure is simple enough that I felt this was sufficient and let me get the parser ready faster.
• Parses top-level circuit metadata (e.g. private parameters)
• Parses arithmetic expressions
• Parses all black box functions aside recursive aggregation (this requires some changes to the ACIR format) and the big int opcodes which are set to be removed
• Adds some initial basic tests (also based off the SSA parser tests)

I chose to use FieldElement rather make the parser generic over AcirField. This made things simpler so that I could just directly build a Circuit struct without threading generics. If we desire to make the parser generic over AcirField in the future, we probably will want to have this parser build an AST that then gets translated to a Circuit<F>.

Missing:

• In the name of speed I simply panic in some places during parsing. These panics need to be converted to real parser errors.
• The ACIR opcodes not listed above

Additional Context

I will make issues for the TODOs I have listed in this PR. Follow-ups will be checked out off this branch, but feel free to review now.

Documentation*

Check one:

• No documentation needed.
• Documentation included in this PR.
• [For Experimental Features] Documentation to be submitted in a separate PR.

PR Checklist*

• I have tested the changes locally.
• I have formatted the changes with Prettier and/or cargo fmt on default settings.

[socket-security]

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Diff	Package	Supply Chain Security	Vulnerability	Quality	Maintenance	License
	@​types/​prettier@​3.0.0
	@​types/​pako@​2.0.3
	@​types/​mocha@​10.0.10

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[github-actions]

⚠️ Performance Alert ⚠️

Possible performance regression was detected for benchmark 'Test Suite Duration'.
Benchmark result of this commit is worse than the previous benchmark result exceeding threshold 1.20.

Benchmark suite	Current: 13ae384	Previous: 637e060	Ratio
test_report_AztecProtocol_aztec-packages_noir-projects_noir-protocol-circuits_crates_types	2 s	1 s	2

This comment was automatically generated by workflow using github-action-benchmark.

CC: @TomAFrench

[asterite]

Looks great!

[vezenovm]

Looks great!

Sweet, I'll merge this then so we can work off of master.