[release-22.0] Upgrade the Golang version to go1.24.12

[vitess-bot]

This Pull Request bumps the Golang version to go1.24.12 and the bootstrap version to 43.6.

Do not trust the bot blindly. A thorough code review must be done to ensure all the files have been correctly modified.

There are manual steps remaining:

• Build and Push the bootstrap images to Docker Hub, the bot cannot handle that

cc @vitessio/release

[vitess-bot]

Hello! 👋

This Pull Request is now handled by arewefastyet. The current HEAD and future commits will be benchmarked.

You can find the performance comparison on the arewefastyet website.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 69.73%. Comparing base (22c70bc) to head (65e41d6).

Additional details and impacted files

@@               Coverage Diff                @@
##           release-22.0   #19209      +/-   ##
================================================
+ Coverage         69.71%   69.73%   +0.01%     
================================================
  Files              1601     1601              
  Lines            213335   213335              
================================================
+ Hits             148736   148778      +42     
+ Misses            64599    64557      -42     

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[mhamza15]

It didn't upgrade go.mod. Taking a look...

[mhamza15]

Oh this never got merged: #19176

[mhamza15]

Recreating it again...