Auto merge of #114590 - ijackson:stdio-stdio-2, r=dtolnay

Allow redirecting subprocess stdout to our stderr etc. (redux)

This is the code from #88561, tidied up, including review suggestions, and with the for-testing-only CI commit removed.  FCP for the API completed in #88561.

I have made a new MR to facilitate review.  The discussion there is very cluttered and the branch is full of changes (in many cases as a result of changes to other Rust stdlib APIs since then).  Assuming this MR is approvedl we should close that one.

### Reviewer doing a de novo review

Just code review these four commits..  FCP discussion starts here: rust-lang/rust#88561 (comment)

Portability tests: you can see that this branch works on Windows too by looking at the CI results in #88561, which has the same code changes as this branch but with an additional "DO NOT MERGE" commit to make the Windows tests run.

### Reviewer doing an incremental review from some version of #88561

Review the new commits since your last review.  I haven't force pushed the branch there.

git diff the two branches (eg `git diff 176886197d6..0842b69c219`).  You'll see that the only difference is in gitlab CI files.  You can also see that *this* MR doesn't touch those files.