test(sql): assert resolution order in "reserve connection" instead of a wall-clock delta by robobun · Pull Request #38221 · oven-sh/bun

robobun · 2026-08-13T19:29:42Z

Problem

PostgreSQL tests > reserve connection in test/js/sql/sql.test.ts fails with error: Wrong time (sql.test.ts:4010) on every run when executed in isolation against a debug/ASAN build, and occasionally inside a full-file run.
The test releases the reserved connection from a setTimeout(..., 510) and then requires the pooled query to have resolved at least 500ms after the second reserved query (xs[1].time - xs[2].time >= 500).
That leaves 10ms for the two reserved queries to complete after the timer is armed. On a debug build the first queries on a fresh connection take around 80ms, so the measured delta comes out around 458ms and the test throws even though the pool behaved correctly (measured: reserved queries resolved 77ms and 82ms after arming, release() ran at 512ms, pooled query resolved at 542ms).
The remaining assertion, xs.map(x => x.x).join("") === "123", cannot fail: Promise.all returns results in input order regardless of when each promise settled. The wall-clock delta was the only live check, so it cannot simply be dropped.

Fix

Rewrite the test to assert the order in which queries resolve. With max: 1 and the only connection reserved: queries 1 and 3 are run on the reservation, query 2 on the pool, then one more query (4) on the reservation. While the reservation is still held the order must be [1, 3, 4]; after it is released the pooled query resolves and the order must be [1, 3, 4, 2]. No timer is involved.
This is the property the test exists to check (a pool whose only connection is reserved cannot service a pool query until the reservation is released); the 500ms delta was only an indirect way of observing it. The pass path is deterministic: query 2 is not written to the socket until the release, and queries on one connection are answered in FIFO order.
Query 4 is what makes the order a sufficient oracle. If the pool got the connection back when query 1 or 3 finished (the regression the old 500ms delta would have caught), query 2 would be queued on the connection before query 4 is issued and resolve ahead of it, so the first assertion sees [1, 3, 2, 4]. Without query 4, that regression still produces [1, 3, 2]. Confirmed by temporarily making reserved queries release the connection on completion in src/js/bun/sql.ts (not part of this PR): the version without query 4 kept passing, this version fails.
Other simulated regressions also fail it: max: 2 (pooled query runs on a second connection) gives [1, 2, 3, 4]; a release that does not flush the waiting queue hangs on await pooled, which is the only honest failure mode for that case.
The reservation is held in an await using block and the pool itself is closed with await using (it was left open before). sql.close() waits for outstanding reservations, so a failure while the reservation was still held (a failed expectation, or a reserved query rejecting) would otherwise hang disposal and be reported as a 5s timeout; with this shape the max: 2 variant reports the order diff and a rejecting reserved query (select no_such_column) reports the PostgresError, both in well under 100ms (probes under bun test on the debug build).
Verified with bun bd test test/js/sql/sql.test.ts -t "reserve connection" (the file is gated on docker, so locally the gate was temporarily pointed at the BUN_TEST_SERVICE_postgres_plain instance; that edit is not part of this PR):
- before: fails 5/5 runs in isolation on the debug build (error: Wrong time, ~630ms each)
- after: passes 10/10 runs in isolation (~250ms each), and the earlier revision passed inside a full sql.test.ts run (the other failures in that local run are environment-specific: missing md5/scram roles, prepared transactions disabled, SQL_ASCII encoding)

Background

sql.reserve() takes one connection out of the pool and returns a handle that runs queries on that connection only. While it is held, the connection is not in the pool's ready set; with max: 1 there is no other connection, so queries issued on the pool itself are parked in the pool's waiting queue.
Releasing the reservation (reserved.release(), which is also what the handle's Symbol.asyncDispose calls) marks the connection ready again and flushes the waiting queue, which is when the parked query is first written to the socket.
Queries sent on one postgres connection are answered strictly in the order they were written, so on a single connection resolution order equals dispatch order. That is what lets query 4 act as a barrier: anything dispatched to the connection before query 4 resolves before it.
sql.close() without a timeout (what await using on the pool calls) resolves only once every outstanding query and reservation has been released.

Earlier revisions of this PR

fa9b666 asserted [1, 3] before releasing; a failing expectation there would have hung pool disposal.
2ad63b3 released explicitly before asserting; a reserved query rejecting would still have skipped the release.
e1d6e5f scoped the reservation with await using, but asserted only [1, 3] / [1, 3, 2], which a release-on-query-completion regression also produces. 6951225 (current) adds query 4.

… a wall-clock delta The test released the reserved connection from a 510ms timer and required the pooled query to resolve at least 500ms after the second reserved query. That leaves a 10ms budget for the two reserved queries to complete after the timer is armed, which a debug/ASAN build exceeds on a fresh connection, so the test failed every run in isolation and was a latent flake in full runs. The trailing "123" check was vacuous since Promise.all preserves input order. Record the order in which the queries resolve instead: after both reserved queries finish the pooled query must still be pending, and it must resolve once release() is called. No timer, and the pool is closed at the end.

coderabbitai · 2026-08-13T19:29:51Z

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test/js/sql/sql.test.ts

Walkthrough

The PostgreSQL reservation test replaces a timeout-based check with explicit query tracking. It verifies that reserved queries complete before the reservation is released and that the queued pooled query completes afterward.

Changes

SQL reservation testing

Layer / File(s)	Summary
Query scheduling assertions `test/js/sql/sql.test.ts`	The test tracks two reserved queries and one pooled query. It verifies completion order, releases the reservation before disposal, and confirms that the pooled query completes last.

Suggested reviewers: jarred-sumner, alii

🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 4

✅ Passed checks (4 passed)

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Title check	✅ Passed	The title clearly and concisely describes the main change from a wall-clock assertion to resolution-order assertions.
Description check	✅ Passed	The description explains the problem, fix, rationale, scope, and verification results, although it does not use the template headings exactly.

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robobun · 2026-08-13T19:29:53Z

Reproduced on main (b5afcac) with the debug build: bun bd test test/js/sql/sql.test.ts -t "reserve connection" fails 5/5 runs with error: Wrong time (the delta measures ~458ms against the 500ms floor). With this change it passes 10/10 runs in isolation. Test-only change; no runtime code is touched.

Current state: ready for review. 6951225 is the last code change (d724268 is an empty commit to re-run CI). The reservation is held in an await using block, and a fourth query on the reservation acts as a barrier before the order is asserted, so a connection handed back to the pool early shows up as 2 resolving ahead of 4 (checked against a temporarily broken build). Both review threads are addressed and resolved.

CI: on both the build for 6951225 and the re-run for d724268, all 177 jobs that ran passed; test/js/sql/sql.test.ts passed on every lane that runs it (it is docker-gated, so it does not run on macOS at all). The only non-green jobs on both builds are the two darwin 14 aarch64 - test-bun jobs, which expired both times without ever being picked up by an agent. The test entries in the annotations all passed on retry. I am not going to keep re-running CI for the macOS queue; this is ready for a maintainer.

…ction" sql.close() (run by `await using`) waits for every outstanding query and reservation, so an expect() that failed while the connection was still reserved would hang disposal until the test timed out and the assertion diff would never be reported. Snapshot the order seen before release(), release, drain the pooled query, then assert on both snapshots.

robobun · 2026-08-13T19:47:24Z

Pushed 2ad63b3 for the review comment above: the order is now snapshotted while the reservation is held, and both expectations run after release() and after the pooled query has drained. Verified with a simulated regression (max: 2): the earlier shape reported a 5s timeout, this one reports the [1, 2, 3] vs [1, 3] diff. The happy path still passes 5/5 on the debug build.

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Inline comments:
In `@test/js/sql/sql.test.ts`:
- Around line 4013-4018: Update the reservation test around the Promise.all call
to guarantee reserved.release() runs on every success and failure path by
wrapping the assertions and query awaiting in try/finally with a guarded release
helper. Add a forced query failure case so rejection before Promise.all
completion is exercised while preserving the existing resolved-state assertions.

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claude

LGTM — thanks for addressing the release-before-assert ordering in 2ad63b3; the snapshot + release + assert sequence now matches what was suggested and the failure path no longer hangs disposal.

What was reviewed:

Resolution-order assertion is live and deterministic (FIFO on the single reserved connection; pooled query parked until release()); PR description confirms the negative case (max: 2) fails it.
await using sql disposal path: reservation is released before any expect, so an assertion failure surfaces the diff instead of a timeout.
await pooled after release() — if a future regression stops release() from flushing the waiting queue this hangs, but that is the property under test and a timeout is the honest failure mode there.

Extended reasoning...

Overview

Test-only de-flake of PostgreSQL tests > reserve connection in test/js/sql/sql.test.ts. Replaces a 500ms wall-clock delta check (which had a 10ms tolerance and failed reliably on debug/ASAN) with a deterministic resolution-order assertion, and adds await using so the pool is closed. No runtime code is touched.

Prior review

My previous run flagged that the first revision asserted [1, 3] before calling reserved.release(), so a failing assertion would skip release and hang the await using disposal on onAllQueriesFinished. Commit 2ad63b3 applied the suggested fix verbatim: snapshot [...resolved] while the reservation is held, then await reserved.release(), await pooled, then run both expects. The added comment explains why the ordering matters.

Security risks

None — test file only, no untrusted input, no runtime behavior change.

Level of scrutiny

Low. Single-test rewrite in an existing test file; the assertion is strictly stronger than the old xs.map(x => x.x).join("") === "123" (which could not fail because Promise.all preserves input order) and strictly more robust than the old time delta >= 500 check. The author verified 10/10 passes on the debug build and confirmed the negative case fails.

Other factors

The remaining hang surface — await pooled never resolving if release() stops flushing the waiting queue — is acceptable: that is the exact property the test exists to prove, and there is no observable signal to await other than the query itself. The pool is now cleaned up on the success path (previously leaked).

…ion" A reserved query that rejects would skip the explicit release() and leave the pool close waiting on the reservation, reporting the real error as a timeout. Holding the reservation in an `await using` block releases it on every exit path; the order snapshot is taken inside the block and asserted after the pooled query drains.

robobun · 2026-08-13T19:56:45Z

^{Updated 6:05 AM PT - Aug 14th, 2026}

❌ @robobun, your commit d724268 has some failures in Build #95608 (All Failures)

🧪 To try this PR locally:

bunx bun-pr 38221

That installs a local version of the PR into your bun-38221 executable, so you can run:

bun-38221 --bun

robobun · 2026-08-13T19:59:35Z

Pushed e1d6e5f for the second review thread: instead of an explicit release() call, the reservation is now held in an await using block, so it is released on every exit path (a failing expectation or a rejecting reserved query included) and the assertions run after the block. Checked with probes on the debug build: the max: 2 regression variant reports the order diff and a select no_such_column reserved query reports the PostgresError, where the previous shapes reported a 5s timeout. Happy path passes 10/10. The PR description now describes this shape.

claude

LGTM — the await using reserved block scope in e1d6e5f resolves the release-on-failure concern from my earlier comment (and the equivalent coderabbit note): the reservation is now returned on every exit path, and both expect()s run after release so a regression reports the [1, 3] diff rather than a disposal timeout.

What was reviewed:

Confirmed reserved_sql[Symbol.asyncDispose] maps to reserved.release() (src/js/bun/sql.ts:446), so block exit releases exactly once — no double-release.
Traced the failure path: if Promise.all([first, third]) rejects or the ordering regresses, the block disposer releases before await using sql closes, so BasePool.close() does not hang on onAllQueriesFinished.
The beforeRelease snapshot is the live assertion (fails under max: 2 per the PR description); the old xs.join === "123" check was vacuous because Promise.all preserves input order.

Extended reasoning...

Overview

This PR rewrites a single flaky test, PostgreSQL tests > reserve connection in test/js/sql/sql.test.ts, replacing a 500ms wall-clock delta assertion with a deterministic resolution-order assertion. The old test armed setTimeout(release, 510) and required the pooled query to resolve ≥500ms after the last reserved query, which left only ~10ms of slack for the reserved queries to finish — insufficient on debug/ASAN builds where the first queries on a fresh connection take ~80ms. The new test tracks the order in which three query promises settle, snapshots that order while the reservation is held, releases via block-scoped await using, then asserts [1, 3] before release and [1, 3, 2] after. No runtime code is touched.

Security risks

None. Test-only change to a Postgres integration test; no auth, crypto, or input-handling code paths.

Level of scrutiny

Low-to-medium. This is a test de-flake with no production impact. The scrutiny it warrants is REVIEW.md's test-quality bar: does the new assertion still protect the property the old one guarded, and does the failure path report cleanly? Both were examined:

The load-bearing property — a max: 1 pool whose only connection is reserved cannot service a pool query until release — is now asserted directly via resolution order rather than inferred from timing. The PR description documents the negative check (max: 2 → snapshot becomes [1, 2, 3], assertion fails).
The old xs.map(x => x.x).join("") === "123" assertion was vacuous (Promise.all preserves input order), so the timing check was the only live one; the rewrite is a strict strengthening in terms of what can fail.

Other factors

My earlier review flagged that placing expect() before release() would turn a regression into a disposal hang. That was fixed in 2ad63b3 (snapshot + release + assert), and e1d6e5f further hardened it by scoping the reservation with await using so a rejected reserved query also releases. Both review threads are marked resolved and the current diff reflects the fixes.
Verified against source that reserved_sql[Symbol.asyncDispose] = () => reserved_sql.release() (sql.ts:446), so the block-exit disposal calls release() exactly once; there is no explicit release() left in the test to double-fire.
The rewrite also adds await using sql on the pool itself, which the old test omitted (it leaked the pool). This aligns with REVIEW.md's "release every resource via using/await using registered before assertions".
The change eliminates the only setTimeout-as-condition in this test, matching the repo's "await the condition, not time" rule.

…ection" Resolution order alone did not notice a connection handed back to the pool when a reserved query completed: the pooled query would be queued behind query 3 on the same connection and still resolve last. Running one more query on the reserved connection before asserting makes that case show up as 2 resolving ahead of 4. The snapshot variable is gone since the reservation's await using block now allows asserting inside it.

robobun · 2026-08-13T23:59:48Z

Pushed 6951225 after a self-review pass on the oracle. The [1, 3] / [1, 3, 2] assertions in e1d6e5f could not distinguish a correct pool from one that hands the connection back as soon as a reserved query completes: in that case the pooled query is queued on the same connection behind query 3 and still resolves last. The old 500ms delta would have caught that. The test now runs one more query on the reservation before asserting, so that regression shows up as [1, 3, 2, 4] instead of the expected [1, 3, 4]. I confirmed this by temporarily making reserved queries release the connection on completion in src/js/bun/sql.ts (local only): the previous shape kept passing, this one fails. Happy path still passes 10/10 on the debug build, and the rejecting-query and max: 2 probes still report their errors directly. The PR description is updated for this shape.

claude

LGTM — the concern from my earlier review is addressed: the reservation is now scoped with await using, so a failing assertion or rejecting query inside the block still releases it and pool disposal reports the real error instead of a timeout.

What was reviewed:

Resolution-order determinism: queries 1/3/4 share one reserved connection (FIFO), query 2 is parked in waitingQueue until release — [1, 3, 4] then [1, 3, 4, 2] is deterministic, not timing-dependent.
Failure-path disposal: traced reserved_sql[Symbol.asyncDispose] → release() → pool.release() → waiting queue flushes → sql.close() completes; no hang if the in-block expect throws.
Barrier round trip (query 4, commit 6951225) closes the gap where query 2 could have been dispatched but not yet resolved when [1, 3] was snapshotted.

Extended reasoning...

Overview

Test-only de-flake of PostgreSQL tests > reserve connection in test/js/sql/sql.test.ts. The old test armed a setTimeout(release, 510) and asserted a ≥500ms wall-clock delta between the pooled query and the last reserved query — a 10ms budget that debug/ASAN builds routinely miss. The rewrite asserts the observable invariant directly: with max: 1 and the sole connection reserved, a pool query cannot resolve until the reservation is released. Resolution order is captured by pushing into an array from each .then, and asserted as [1, 3, 4] while reserved, [1, 3, 4, 2] after release. The pool is now closed via await using (previously leaked), and the reservation is scoped with await using inside a bare block.

Security risks

None. Test-only change; no runtime, protocol, or auth code touched.

Level of scrutiny

Low-to-moderate. This is a flaky-test rewrite with no production impact, but REVIEW.md is strict about de-flakes preserving the property the original assertion protected and about resource release on failure paths. Both were checked:

Property preserved (and strengthened): The old test's only live assertion was the 500ms delta, an indirect proxy for "pooled query blocked until release". The new test asserts that directly via resolution order, and the barrier query (4) ensures that a connection erroneously handed back after query 1 or 3 would surface as 2 appearing before 4. The author verified the negative: with max: 2 or an early release, the [1, 3, 4] expectation fails.
Failure-path cleanup: My earlier review flagged that an assertion failure before release() would hang sql.close(). That was fixed across two commits — first by moving asserts after an explicit release(), then (after a second round noting a rejecting reserved query would still skip release) by scoping the reservation with await using. I re-traced the disposal chain against src/js/bun/sql.ts:446 and src/js/internal/sql/shared.ts (BasePool.close / pool.release / waitingQueue): if the in-block expect([1, 3, 4]) throws, await using reserved releases → waiting queue flushes → pooled query runs → sql.close() completes → the assertion diff is reported. No double-release (there is no explicit release() call alongside the disposer).

Other factors

Determinism: queries 1, 3, 4 all run on one connection in FIFO wire-protocol order; query 4 is only issued after 1 and 3 have resolved; query 2 is not written to the socket until release. No sleep/setTimeout, in line with REVIEW.md's "await conditions, not time" rule.
Both prior review threads (mine and coderabbit's) are marked resolved; the fixes are visible in the final diff.
CI: sql.test.ts passes on all lanes; the single red lane (require-cache.test.ts on debian 13 x64-asan) is unrelated and tracked separately per the PR thread.
The PR description is slightly stale relative to commit 6951225 (still says [1, 3] / "both expects run after the block") but the code is correct.

claude

LGTM — my earlier concern about the in-block assertion hanging pool disposal is resolved by the await using reserved scope, and the added query 4 barrier makes the oracle strictly stronger than the old 500ms delta.

What was reviewed:

Resolution-order oracle: query 4 as a barrier catches release-on-query-completion regressions the [1, 3] shape would have missed (author verified against a temporarily broken build).
Failure-path cleanup: await using reserved releases before await using sql closes, so a failing [1, 3, 4] expect or a rejecting reserved query reports the real error instead of a 5s timeout — traced through reserved_sql[Symbol.asyncDispose] → pool.release() → waitingQueue flush → sql.close() drains.
No double-release: only the disposer calls release(); no explicit call remains to conflict with it.
Test-only change; sql.test.ts passed on every CI lane per the build status.

Extended reasoning...

Overview

This PR rewrites a single flaky test, PostgreSQL tests > reserve connection in test/js/sql/sql.test.ts, replacing a wall-clock delta assertion (xs[1].time - xs[2].time >= 500) with a deterministic resolution-order assertion. No runtime code is touched. The old test armed setTimeout(release, 510) and required the pooled query to resolve ≥500ms after the last reserved query, leaving only 10ms of slack — which debug/ASAN builds routinely exceed. The new test reserves the only connection (max: 1), issues queries 1/3/4 on the reservation and query 2 on the pool, and asserts that resolution order is [1, 3, 4] while held and [1, 3, 4, 2] after release.

Security risks

None. This is a test-only change to a docker-gated PostgreSQL integration test. No user-facing API, no parsing of untrusted input, no changes to src/.

Level of scrutiny

Low-to-medium. Test-only de-flake with no runtime impact, but the REVIEW.md bar for de-flakes is that the new assertion still protects the property the original protected. This PR clears that bar unusually well: the author identified that the intermediate [1, 3]/[1, 3, 2] shape (e1d6e5f) would pass under a release-on-query-completion regression that the old 500ms delta caught, added query 4 as a barrier round-trip so that regression produces [1, 3, 2, 4], and verified by temporarily breaking src/js/bun/sql.ts. The max: 2 and rejecting-query probes were also run against each revision.

Other factors

My prior feedback is addressed. I flagged (at fa9b666) that an assertion failing before release() would hang await using sql disposal on onAllQueriesFinished. The current shape holds the reservation in await using reserved, so the disposer runs on every exit path — including a throwing expect inside the block — and pool.release() flushes the parked pooled query before sql.close() waits. I re-traced reserved_sql[Symbol.asyncDispose] = () => reserved_sql.release() (src/js/bun/sql.ts:446) and there is no explicit release() left to double-call it.
CodeRabbit's second concern (a rejecting reserved query leaking the reservation) is likewise addressed by await using reserved; that thread is resolved.
CI: robobun reports sql.test.ts passed on every lane on the previous push; the one red lane (require-cache.test.ts on debian 13 x64-asan) is unrelated and failing on other merged PRs.
The old test also leaked the pool (no sql.close()); the new one closes it via await using. The two comments in the test body explain non-obvious invariants (why the block scope matters, why query 4 exists) rather than restating code.

…quests (#45304) ### What does this PR do? It folds 197 open pull requests on `Bun.sql` (PostgreSQL, MySQL, MariaDB, SQLite), `bun:sqlite` and `node:sqlite` into one change: 149 are replaced by it, 18 are closed without porting, 30 stay open. Most PRs were taken as a diagnosis; the files many of them patched were rewritten once. 257 files, +41,670 / -21,600: `src` +12,536 / -16,054, tests +26,903 / -5,100. CI ran the suite on Linux x64 / aarch64, musl, ASAN, macOS and Windows at this head (78e0830cdd): every job that ran passed (178; one macOS aarch64 job could not download the build, two macOS x64 jobs got no machine). Numbers marked (release) compare CI's Linux x64 release binaries of main (f841e3670) and of earlier commits of this PR, in user-space instructions unless a unit is given; the others are from a local debug + ASAN build. ### How did you verify your code works? 102 SQL and SQLite test files on a Linux x64 debug + ASAN build against PostgreSQL, MySQL and MariaDB containers: 5,918 tests pass; 8 time out on a machine at load 210 to 250, each of which passes alone or is known to depend on load. Nearly every new test was run on main first and fails there; the exceptions are guards that pin behaviour we keep. PostgreSQL parameters against main, cell by cell (value, type, mode): of 942, 726 are equal, 137 work that main rejects, 17 reject with another code, 44 are new errors, 18 stored another value (six cases: two are main's again since, four are listed). The option parser against main: 120,000 generated cases, every difference named; TLS is weaker than on main only on a unix socket (3,191), where `url` names another driver than a variable's name (14), or where the adapter's own URL rules and main read another adapter's (21); no file main opens read-only is writable. Option keys that an options object inherits are read where main reads them. On the wire against main, the startup packet and the number of round trips are the same (no parameter, one, jsonb + text + timestamptz, begin / commit; prepared and `prepare: false`); only a redundant Flush is gone. Client CPU (release, 43ad527e44): point select -48 %, 100-row select -30 %, insert -21 %. The pool, `cancel()`, MySQL pipelining and the `bun:sqlite` hooks were also run under randomized stress or differential scripts. ### Behaviour changes to look at first `main -> now`. The rule: a visible change stays only where main is broken (crash, hang, data lost or stored wrong, security hole, against its own docs); elsewhere this PR behaves like main, and the pull request that wanted the change stays open. Every bullet was run on main, on this branch and, where there is one, on the reference clients: postgres.js, pg, mysql2, mariadb, Node 26.3's `node:sqlite`, psql 15 (not better-sqlite3). `ERR_*_X` stands for the `POSTGRES`, `MYSQL`, `SQLITE` codes. **Waiting for the maintainer's word** - **Integers from 2^51 to 2^53 - 1** were `float8` (MySQL: DOUBLE) -> `int8` (BIGINT). PostgreSQL stored 2^52 + 1 as 4503599627370500 in `numeric` and `4.503599627370497e+15` in `text`; now exact. The price: `select ${2 ** 52} as x` returns a string and `/ 3` divides as integers, as from 2^31 to 2^51 already. On MySQL only VARCHAR was wrong; there `* 4096` is a new errno 1690, and mysql2 and mariadb behave like main (#43293). - **An array with an enumerable `raw` is refused.** `Object.assign([text], { raw: [text] })`, also what Babel's and swc's loose mode emit for a tagged template, ran `text` as SQL, as in postgres.js -> `TypeError`; tslib and the strict helpers (non-enumerable `raw`) still run. It closes `ids.raw = []` on a data array pasting `ids[0]` into the SQL, which only the application itself can set. The own-property half of the check closes more: on main a polluted `Array.prototype.raw = []` turns `sql([userData])` into SQL text. The price is every tagged call compiled in loose mode (#38219). - **An untyped `sql.array()` has no cast.** `sql.array(["a", "b"])` without a type was cast to `::JSON[]`, so both examples of main's docs fail -> no cast, the server decides (#41301, #41242). Where it can't tell, main and postgres.js work and this PR doesn't: `select ${sql.array([1, 2])}` is the string `{"1","2"}`, `unnest()` 42725, `array_length()` 42804. Pass the type. - **`prepare: false`:** an object with its own `toString()` bound to `json` / `jsonb` was that string (decimal.js: the number `1.5`) -> its JSON, as in a prepared query on main (#39452). - **bun:sqlite `db.transaction(fn)`, the minimal fix.** When `fn` returns a native promise that is already rejected (an `async` function that throws before its first `await`), main committed -> rolls back and returns the promise. All else is as on main: an `async` callback commits at its first `await`, a `throw` behind it keeps the rows, and the docs now warn. The alternative is to refuse async callbacks outright (#45132), which also refuses what works today: `async` without an `await`, an `await` that comes last, a returned fulfilled promise or thenable. - **bun:sqlite, not changed:** without `safeIntegers` a BigInt parameter above 64 bits keeps its low 64 bits (`2n ** 64n + 5n` binds 5), as on main; a `RangeError` for it (a third of #32841) was in and is reverted. Proposed on this PR: reject below -2^63 or above 2^64 - 1, which still lets `Bun.hash()` output bind but makes a released call throw. **Silent: the same code gives another result** - bun:sqlite `changes` also counted rows written by triggers, cascades, FTS5 / rtree shadow tables -> only the statement's own, like node:sqlite and SQLite's `changes()`. An insert through an INSTEAD OF trigger on a view counted what the trigger wrote -> 0. The SQLite adapter's `count` follows (#43306). - `affectedRows` was `null` on PostgreSQL and SQLite -> rows written, 0 for a `SELECT`, so `r.affectedRows ?? r.count` gives 0 after a `SELECT` (#40434, #40432). MySQL `count` of a write: 0 -> rows affected (#41886). SQLite adapter: `lastInsertRowid` of `INSERT ... RETURNING` `null` -> the rowid; `count` of `WITH ... INSERT` 0 -> 1; `command` is the first keyword: an upsert `UPDATE` -> `INSERT`, but `with ... insert` `INSERT` -> `WITH`. - `uuid[]`, `int4range[]`, `tsvector[]`, `reg*[]`, 35 built-in array types in all, read as the literal `"{...}"` -> arrays, like postgres.js (pg: `uuid[]` only) (#41042, #41039). Columns named `01` and `1` collapsed into one key -> each keeps its name; `row[1]` no longer finds `01` (#45096). - Into `text`: a `Date` was `Tue Jan 02 2024 03:04:05 GMT+0000 (...)` -> ISO 8601; a plain object was `[object Object]`, as in postgres.js -> JSON, as in pg (#41976, #29010). - `null` in `sql.array(values, "TEXT")`, `"INT"` and the rest was the string `"null"` or an error -> SQL NULL (#35111); in a `"JSON"` / `"JSONB"` array it stays the JSON value `null`, as on main. A `Buffer` element there was its hex string -> `JSON.stringify(buffer)`. - PostgreSQL, a late mode on a statement that is already prepared: `.execute().raw()` gives text for `numeric`, `time` and binary for `int2[]`, `float8[]`, the reverse of main; `.raw()` and a late `.values()` of `numeric`, `time` rejects with `ERR_POSTGRES_UNKNOWN_FORMAT_CODE`. All else of `.raw()` is as on main (658 of 666 cells). - `prepare: false` sends what a prepared query sends (one more round trip next to an array, an `Int32Array`, an object with its own `toString()`): `[1]` into `jsonb` was the scalar `1`, an `Int32Array` into `bytea` the bytes of the text `1,2`; an `Array` into `bytea` is now `ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE` (#39452). - bun:sqlite `get()` read every row, as documented, so an error in row 2 was thrown -> one step. `SELECT 1 a, 2 b, 3 a`: `{b, a}` -> `{a: 3, b: 2}` (key order). A column named like an index (`"2023"`) now comes first in `Object.keys(row)`, as JS orders keys (#37238). `values()` / `raw()` without columns: `null` -> `[]`. node:sqlite `run()` on a `SELECT` stepped through every row -> one step. All like Node. - SQLite's `MEMSTATUS` is off: `PRAGMA hard_heap_limit` / `soft_heap_limit` are accepted and no longer enforced, as in node:sqlite (#44197, #44187). - PostgreSQL: a Flush after every simple Query disarmed the server's idle timers; after an extended query they already worked -> `idle_in_transaction_session_timeout` / `idle_session_timeout` end Bun's sessions on both paths (25P03, 57P05), `listen()` included (docs: `connection: { idle_session_timeout: 0 }`) (#44784). - After `SET datestyle = 'SQL, DMY'` April 3 read as March 4, as in postgres.js -> any non-ISO style reads Invalid Date, also MDY, which main read right. - TCP keepalive (60 s idle, 10 probes 1 s apart) on every SQL socket, no option, as in postgres.js (pg, mariadb: none): a query silent for 60 s can reject after a 10 s outage, where main resumed (not run). #44983 asked for `listen()` only. - `then()`, `catch()`, `finally()`, `run()` started the query a microtask later -> in the call, like `execute()` (#44105). `begin()` / `reserve()` overtook older plain queries -> one queue, oldest first, like postgres.js (#45275). `sql.file(path)` ran at once -> a lazy `Query`, as typed and as in postgres.js. - A result returned from a `begin()` / `savepoint()` callback came back as a plain `Array` without `count`, `command`, `columns` -> the result itself, like postgres.js; `assert.deepStrictEqual` with an array literal then fails (#45387). - A statement on an ended `tx`: `ERR_*_CONNECTION_CLOSED` -> `ERR_*_INVALID_TRANSACTION_STATE`, because retry helpers rerun on "connection closed" (#43263). - With a URL, `host` / `user` / `pass` beat `hostname` / `username` / `password`; without one they lost -> the long names always win. `?path=A` beat `{ path: B }` (also `unix://A` and `{ socket: B }`) -> the option wins, like every other option. - MySQL / MariaDB ignored `?connect_timeout=`, `?idle_timeout=`, `?max_lifetime=`, `?max=` in the URL -> they set the options (see New). - MySQL / MariaDB: `close()` and the timers send COM_QUIT, like mysql2 and mariadb. "Connection closed" / "failed to bind and execute query" for most client-side codes -> one sentence per code (#38468). An ERR packet the server sends unasked reaches `onclose` as the server's error, not as `ERR_MYSQL_UNEXPECTED_PACKET` (#40913). - Driver errors: `stack` is the header line only (it had two `internal:sql/*` frames); a non-`Error` thrown while a parameter is read is no longer wrapped (#44118, #44204). PostgreSQL statement names in server logs: `P` + 40 bytes of SQL + `$` + id -> `P<id>` (#44042). **Loud: an error where main ran** - `PGUSERNAME` and `USERNAME` are read as the PostgreSQL user, as main's docs promise; main ignored both. `PGUSERNAME` beats `USER`. `USERNAME` counts where `USER` isn't set, as on Windows, where main logged in as `postgres` (not run there) (#26711, #26684). - `mariadb://` without a database asked for one named `mariadb`, which no server has, and couldn't connect (1049) -> selects none, like the mariadb connector; the first unqualified table is a 1046. MySQL keeps `mysql`, as main's docs promise; the types said the user name (#44367, #44373). - MySQL / MariaDB: `sql("db.table")` was one name `` `db.table` `` -> `` `db`.`table` ``, as documented, as on PostgreSQL and SQLite and in mysql2 (mariadb keeps one name). Helper keys (`sql({ "c.d": 7 })`) and aliases split too, so a name with a real dot can't be passed. A name taken from a user can now reach another schema (#24050). - A query created on `reserved` / `tx` / `sp` and first awaited after `release()`, COMMIT, ROLLBACK or RELEASE ran on the pooled connection, as in postgres.js: a `select` worked, an insert that landed in another caller's transaction resolved and kept 0 rows -> rejects unsent. Typical: ``return reserved`...` `` without `await` out of a `using` block (#43261, #43263). - `sp === tx` in `tx.savepoint(sp => ...)` -> `sp` is its own handle, like postgres.js, and ends with its savepoint; on main and in postgres.js it kept running in the transaction (#43263). - PostgreSQL: an array or object bound to `bool` / `int4` / `float8` / `timestamp` was coerced in the client (`[]`: `true`, 0, 0, 2000-01-01), so `delete ... where ${[]}` removed every row -> sent as text, which the server rejects (22P02, 22007) unless it is valid: `[5]` into `int4` is still 5, and `['2024-01-02']` into `timestamptz`, 2000-01-01 on main, is that date (#41976, #41970). - An Invalid Date was stored as 1970-01-01 on PostgreSQL (#41976) and MySQL -> rejected. MySQL: a function, or an object whose `toJSON()` returns undefined, was bound as `""` (MariaDB: errno 1210) -> `TypeError`, like mysql2. - bun:sqlite: `stmt.run(new Date())`, a Map, a Promise as the only argument bound NULL, as in node:sqlite; in any other position main throws already -> `TypeError` everywhere. An `ArrayBuffer` alone bound NULL -> BLOB. - `channelBinding: "require"` / `?channel_binding=require` on MySQL, MariaDB, SQLite was an unknown key and ignored -> `TypeError`. - A `path` that doesn't exist was dropped and TCP dialed -> `ERR_*_CONNECTION_REFUSED` (postgres.js, pg: ENOENT) (#41570). - `tls.checkServerIdentity` was never called -> called, and it raises an `sslmode` below `verify-ca` to `verify-full`, so a self-signed certificate without `ca` fails, as in pg and postgres.js (#42054, #41856). - SQLite adapter: what `onconnect` / `onclose` throw was swallowed -> uncaught exception, as on the other adapters. `?mode=RO`, `?mode=readonly`, `?mode=`, `{ readOnly: true }` opened read-write -> throw (#45153, #45079). - The guard against `BEGIN` on a pooled client also catches `START\tTRANSACTION` and `/* c */ BEGIN`, and no longer trips on `begin_work()` or copies the query (#41758, #41740). - A nested `sql.unsafe(text, values)` behind other parameters read the wrong parameter on PostgreSQL, as in postgres.js -> `SyntaxError` (#38220). - A simple `FETCH` from a binary PostgreSQL cursor decoded `numeric`, `time` and read `int2` / `oid` as 0, `int8` / `uuid` as garbage -> these reject with `ERR_POSTGRES_UNKNOWN_FORMAT_CODE`. - `COPY ... TO STDOUT` without a stream resolved `[]`, `COPY ... FROM STDIN` hung and wedged the connection -> both reject with `ERR_POSTGRES_COPY_NOT_SUPPORTED` (#45332). **Main was broken; code that leaned on it will notice** - A pooled connection that came back inside an open or failed transaction (a reservation after `BEGIN`, `sql.unsafe("select 1; begin")`) went to the next caller, who got 25P02 or lost its writes -> the drivers keep the server's transaction status and the pool closes it. For that status to be current, a failed PostgreSQL query rejects at its ReadyForQuery, like libpq, not at the ErrorResponse. Exempt: plain queries at `max: 1`, where the docs allow `BEGIN` by hand, and a prepared XA branch. - `idleTimeout` / `maxLifetime` closed connections under a running query, a reservation or a `begin()` transaction -> they never interrupt those, as in postgres.js; past `maxLifetime` a connection takes nothing new, finishes, closes (#30648, #30646, #25405). - What the caller's own `catch(f)`, `then(_, f)` or `finally(f)` handler throws was swallowed -> an unhandled rejection. MySQL / MariaDB: `begin()` never settled when a statement on `tx` was only started and failed -> settles. (94 cells against main: these 32 differ.) - Callers waiting for a connection were rejected with the close error of somebody else's connection -> the pool dials for them (#44938). A client-side auth or TLS error before the first connection was cached until restart -> every query dials. - A second `close()` resolved while a session was still open -> all calls wait for one close, the shortest timeout wins (#43959). `close({ timeout: 0 })` waited for running queries -> closes at once, as documented (#33740, #32038). - `tx.close()` without `await`: `begin()` resolved with nothing stored, or committed -> one ROLLBACK, no COMMIT, `begin()` rejects (#44799). - Two `reserved.begin()` at once shared one server transaction -> the second waits. SQLite: a second `sql.begin()` failed with "cannot start a transaction within a transaction" -> it waits. Side effect: the same call awaited inside its own callback never settles, like `max: 1` on a server; use `tx.savepoint()`. - `where id in ${sql([])}` was a syntax error on the servers -> `in (NULL)`, no row, like postgres.js. SQLite keeps `in ()` / `not in ()`. - Statement caches were unbounded -> a connection keeps the statements it used last, 1,024 on PostgreSQL and 256 on MySQL / MariaDB (there all connections share the server's `max_prepared_stmt_count`, 16,382 by default), and sends Close / COM_STMT_CLOSE for the rest (#28980, #33190). MySQL: a failed prepare was replayed, even after `CREATE TABLE` -> every use prepares again (#33189, #42720). - A SCRAM password that SASLprep changes costs a second login (see New), so a wrong one counts as two failed logins per query (main: `max`) and a right one as at most one per `SQL` instance: the rest of the pool waits for the first login, which fills the pool one login later for such a password only. A `password` function that returns a promise is not held: `max` each. Other passwords, md5 and cleartext roles: one login, as before (#41605). - `$PASSWORD` was sent as the database password -> not read. `postgres:///x` was a socket if `/x` existed -> always database `x` (#41570). - `sql("a\0b")` returned a rejected promise no `try` could catch -> throws at the call (#45160). A `resolve` / `reject` overwritten on a query with a function that throws hung `close()` -> uncaught exception; under an `uncaughtException` listener it still hangs. - bun:test: `expect(p).resolves` / `.rejects` / `expect(() => p).toThrow()` never called `then()`, so a lazy `Query` hung `bun test` forever -> they call it once while `p` is pending, like Jest (#19130). - MySQL / MariaDB: `lastInsertRowid` above 2^53 - 1 was rounded -> exact, a string, or a BigInt with `bigint: true` (#44646). Commands are pipelined (see New). A command of 16 MB or more failed in the client (`ERR_MYSQL_OVERFLOW`, session kept) -> it is sent; over `max_allowed_packet` the query gets the server's 1153 and the connection fails, because the server hangs up. A 0xFB reply (a request for a local file) hung the query -> fails the connection, no file is read. - MySQL / MariaDB: prepared `TIME(n)` lost its fraction -> `"12:34:56.789"`, padded to the column's precision like `.simple()` (mysql2 and mariadb don't pad) (#31738). `.raw()` on a prepared query gave a string for TIME, a `Date` for DATE, DATETIME, TIMESTAMP -> a `Buffer`, as documented. `caching_sha2_password` over a unix socket couldn't log in -> the password goes in clear, as the server expects there and as mysql2 and mariadb do (#37819). - bun:sqlite: `{ readonly: true, create: true }` opened read-write -> `TypeError` (#41815). `db.run("a; b; c")` / `exec()` swallowed a runtime error of any statement but the last -> throws there, the rest doesn't run (#37418, #37415, #41010). Running a `Statement` again inside its own `iterate()` loop restarted the loop forever -> the newest run wins, the older iterator throws "This iterator was invalidated" (#32917). Both like node:sqlite. - node:sqlite: `stmt.get()` on `INSERT ... RETURNING` returned a row although the commit failed (deferred foreign key) -> throws. Node 26.3 has the bug. Undo: 6 lines in `NodeSqlite.cpp`. **Costs** - The first `new Bun.SQL()` of a process: 23.3 M -> 25.1 M (+7.9 %); the first bun:sqlite database +4.6 % (release). - bun:sqlite `prepare` + `finalize`: 21,739 -> 23,284 (+7.1 %, release), because statements report their native memory to the GC: 20,000 dropped 200-parameter statements 465 -> 27 MB. - More distinct texts than the statement cache holds are prepared again and again. PostgreSQL, 24,000 queries over N texts at `max: 4` (release, limit still 256): N = 1,000: 2.0 -> 4.7 s, client CPU 470 -> 880 ms; N = 300: 1.4 -> 1.6 s. With 1,024 (debug builds) 1,000 texts cost what 300 cost; the step lies between 1,000 and 1,100. A full cache costs the server about 41 MB per connection (41 KB per statement with a join and ten columns); main has no bound. - A bulk insert with an `undefined` cell on PostgreSQL: +2.1 % (see Memory and performance). ### New **`query.cancel()` works.** It was typed and documented but did nothing. A query that isn't written yet leaves the queue, is never sent and rejects with `ERR_*_QUERY_CANCELLED`. On PostgreSQL a running query with nothing else written behind it is stopped by a CancelRequest on a second connection, outside `max` (same peer, same TLS settings and certificate check, at most 5 s) and rejects with the server's 57014. The session writes nothing until the server has closed that connection, so a late cancel can't hit the next caller's query. There `reserved.close()` / `tx.close()` also stop the running query (#33370, #44625). **COPY streams (PostgreSQL).** `query.readable()` is a `ReadableStream<Uint8Array>` for `COPY ... TO STDOUT`, `query.writable()` a `WritableStream` for `COPY ... FROM STDIN`. Bytes only (text, CSV, binary), no row encoder. Backpressure both ways. `close()` / `pipeTo()` resolve when the server has stored the rows and reject with its error; `abort()` sends CopyFail, and so does the end of the transaction, savepoint or reservation that a stream is open on: `begin()` then rejects with that error and rolls back. The query still resolves with `count`. They are web streams, not Node streams, and a `COPY` without parameters always goes out as a simple query (#23350, #15088). **`result.columns`, `result.statement`.** PostgreSQL: `[{ name, type, table, number }]` (OIDs, like postgres.js); MySQL / MariaDB: `[{ name, type, table, length, flags }]`. `statement` is `{ string, types, columns }`. Both are built on the first read, prepared or not. The runs of a prepared statement share one object, which isn't frozen. On SQLite both stay `null`: capturing them cost a 1-row query +17 % to +34 % (main's release build) (#30037, #26809, #18866). **Column name transforms (all adapters).** `new SQL({ transform: SQL.camel })` reads column `user_id` as `userId` and writes `user_id` for `sql({ userId })`, `sql("userId")`. Presets `SQL.camel`, `pascal`, `kebab`; one direction with `SQL.toCamel`, `SQL.fromCamel` and so on; or `{ column: fn | { from, to }, undefined: value }`. Names, directions and casing are postgres.js's. With `undefined: value` (`null` counts) a helper leaves no column out, like postgres.js. No `value` / `row` transform, so keys inside json aren't renamed (#36451, #15087). **`sql.json(value)` (all adapters)** stores any value as JSON: a number, a boolean, `null`, an object or array on SQLite, and a JSON *string* where Bun sends a string as it is (MySQL, MariaDB, SQLite, PostgreSQL with `prepare: false`). On PostgreSQL it returns a small wrapper, elsewhere `JSON.stringify(value)`. **SCRAM-SHA-256-PLUS, `channelBinding: "disable" | "prefer" | "require"`**, also `?channel_binding=` and `PGCHANNELBINDING`. `tls-server-end-point`, hash as in RFC 5929, RSASSA-PSS included, checked against libpq 15. `require` fails with `ERR_POSTGRES_CHANNEL_BINDING_REQUIRED` before anything derived from the password is sent. Off (`disable`) unless asked for, on the maintainer's decision: the login on the wire is main's. With `prefer`, psql's default, a login fails behind a proxy that terminates TLS but forwards the server's `-PLUS` offer (28000) and with an Ed25519 certificate (#41703). **SASLprep, by retry.** A non-ASCII SCRAM password typed in another Unicode form than it was set in (NFD, soft hyphen) got 28P01 while psql logged in -> the first login uses the password as typed, like main; on 28P01 from a SCRAM role, if SASLprep (two `replace` and `normalize("NFKC")`, no Unicode tables) changes the string, Bun logs in once more with that form. The pool remembers which form worked; the LISTEN connection does the same (#41605). **`tls.checkServerIdentity(hostname, cert)` (PostgreSQL, MySQL, MariaDB).** Called once per connection, after the chain verified and before anything is sent inside TLS; replaces the built-in name check. A returned object or a throw fails the connection with that value; a Promise is `ERR_INVALID_RETURN_VALUE`. Not called next to `rejectUnauthorized: false` (SQL half of #42054, #41856). **Re-prepare after DDL (PostgreSQL).** After `ALTER TABLE`, `DEALLOCATE ALL` or `DISCARD ALL` every run of a cached statement failed forever (0A000, 26000) -> it is prepared again under a new name and the old one closed. The query is re-sent only when nothing is written behind it (a re-send would reorder writes) and outside a transaction block; otherwise it rejects with the server's error and the next run works. 20 concurrent runs after `ADD COLUMN`: main rejects 20 and every later run; now 19 at `max: 1`, 15 at `max: 5`, then none (#35120, #29484). **`bun --hot` keeps database connections (PostgreSQL, MySQL).** Every save opened up to `max` new connections and never closed the old ones (2 4 6 8 10 12 sessions at `max: 2`) -> a `new SQL()` with equal settings takes over the previous load's idle connections when it would dial. Settings are compared by value; a function counts as changed. A pool of an earlier load closes only when nobody asked it for a connection during a whole load: a replaced pool lives one reload longer, a pool kept on `globalThis` and used is never touched. Session state (`SET`, temporary tables) survives, `onconnect` runs again for a reused connection. A module-level `sql.listen()` shares one LISTEN connection across loads (#25623, #23215). **MySQL / MariaDB pipelining.** `.simple()` queries and queries whose statement is already prepared go out without waiting for earlier replies; an error fails only its own query. Nothing is written behind a text with a `;` until it has ended, and a packet out of sequence fails the connection. Main's docs promise this; it sent one command at a time. Undo: `BUN_FEATURE_FLAG_DISABLE_SQL_AUTO_PIPELINING=1`. 4 executes through a proxy that holds each reply 30 ms took 124 ms on main, now 31 ms on both servers, 1 write instead of 4 (release) (#44022). **MySQL: `sha256_password`** was documented, but every login failed with errno 1045. **Arrays as PostgreSQL array parameters.** `where id = any(${[1, 2]})` (08P01) and `sql({ tags: ["a"] })` into a `text[]` failed -> a JS array or an `Int32Array` bound to a built-in array type goes as an array literal, with NULLs and nesting, also with `prepare: false`. The other typed arrays stay `bytea`; `sql.array(new Float32Array([1.5]))`, which main rejects, puts them into an array column. Into `text`, an untyped position or a user-defined type an array stays `String(value)` (`a,b`), as on main and in postgres.js (pg: `{"a","b"}`), so an array of an enum needs `sql.array(values, "mood")`. A plain array into `json[]` / `jsonb[]` follows `sql.array(values, "JSONB")`: nested arrays are dimensions, `null` is the JSON value, `undefined` is SQL NULL, `sql.json([1, 2])` is one element (that half of #33579, #29551). **MySQL / MariaDB `foundRows: true`**, also `?foundRows=true`: `CLIENT_FOUND_ROWS`, so `affectedRows` counts rows matched, not rows changed, the default of mysql2 and mariadb. Off by default, as on main (#30848, #30843). **libpq URL keys and variables.** `?connect_timeout=`, `?sslrootcert=` ... went to the server, which refused the connection, and `?password=` went out in the startup packet. Now read: `host`, `port`, `user`, `password`, `dbname`, `connect_timeout`, `idle_timeout`, `max_lifetime`, `max`, `prepare`, `channel_binding`, `sslrootcert`, `sslcert`, `sslkey`, `sslpassword`. Keys that only tune libpq (`keepalives*`, `target_session_attrs` ...) are dropped. Keys that restrict the connection (`require_auth`, `sslcrl` ...) still go to the server, which refuses them. New variables: `PGUSERNAME`, `USERNAME`, `PGAPPNAME`, `PGOPTIONS`, `PGCONNECT_TIMEOUT`, `PGCHANNELBINDING`. **bun:sqlite: `db.function()`, `db.aggregate()`**, better-sqlite3's signatures (options `varargs`, `deterministic`, `directOnly`, `safeIntegers`); `inverse` makes a window function. What a callback throws comes out of `get()` / `all()` / `run()` unchanged. A BigInt result outside 64 bits follows the function's `safeIntegers`, like a parameter (#8558, #25703, #1474, #5051). **bun:sqlite: `db.onInsert`, `db.onUpdate`, `db.onDelete`** `= function (database, tableName, rowid, schemaName)`; `null` removes it. What a hook throws is an uncaught exception at once, and the statement goes on. While a function, aggregate or hook runs, every other call on that `Database`, `close()` included, throws "This database connection is busy executing a query". No commit hook (#12631, #4175). **Small:** `db[Symbol.for("sqlite-type")]` (#22109), `stmt.reader`, `stmt.readonly` (#16469), `stmt.declaredTypes` before the first run. ### Fixed What is listed above isn't repeated. A line without `->` names a symptom that is gone. #### Pool and lifecycle - A pool that lost connections dialed nothing while one was ready (it stayed at 4 of 5 for ever and ran 3 parallel queries on 1 backend) -> it grows back, one dial per waiting caller that no dial in flight covers. - `execute()` / `begin()` inside `onclose` got the dead connection ("connection must be a PostgresSQLConnection") -> it has left the pool and the waiting callers are redialed for before `onclose` runs (#43958, #44938, #45039). - A connection the server killed in the read that finished the handshake got `onclose`, then `onconnect`, and stayed in the pool: every later query failed, `close()` hung -> `onconnect` never comes after `onclose`, both drivers (#40913, #45039, #42804). - `close({ timeout: 2 ** 31 })` overflowed `setTimeout` and killed the queries after 1 ms -> clamped (#32100, #32096). `close()`, then `close({ timeout: 0 })`, left a held reservation running (#43959). - A replaced `Promise.prototype.finally` could wedge the pool -> a private promise; the connection is released before the caller's reactions run (#44315). - `q.cancel(); await q` never settled -> rejects (#44799). - The connect-retry budget read `Date.now()`: endless under `setSystemTime()`, short on a clock step -> monotonic clock (#37960). - A `password` function that throws `undefined` left the query pending forever. `` sql`a; b`.values().simple() `` ignored `simple()`. `query.active` was always false. - PostgreSQL: a FATAL error for the running query left the connection in the pool until the FIN, and a session ended while idle reached `onclose` as `ERR_POSTGRES_EXPECTED_REQUEST` -> fails at once with the server's error, e.g. 57P01 (#40913). - `onconnect` / `onclose` never fired for the `sql.listen()` connection (#41051, #41050). - `bun --sql-preconnect` with a refused connection ran the script, then exited 1, against the docs -> exit 0. #### Handles, transactions, savepoints - `sql.begin(tx => Promise.all([...]))` with one failing task: the other tasks' later statements ran after ROLLBACK in autocommit, so rows of a rejected `begin()` or `savepoint()` stayed -> they reject, on all four databases (#43263). - `tx.unsafe()`, `tx.file()`, `reserved.unsafe()`, `reserved.file()`, `notify()`, `commitDistributed()` ignored the handle's state and ran after its end (#43249, #43261). `` tx`...`.values() `` on an ended handle threw `.values is not a function` -> a `Query` that rejects when run (#43257). - `tx.close({ timeout })` whose queries finished in time committed -> rolls back (#44799, #32148); `reserved.close({ timeout })` then lost the pool slot. `close({ timeout: -1 })` left the handle unusable (#32100). A handled failing query was reported again as unhandled. - `close()` or a lost connection started or rejected identifiers, fragments and unstarted queries, and a handle retained them all -> a query is tracked from start to settle (#44932). - `tx.close()` and the end of the callback could both end the transaction -> one end. Now that `cancel()` works, `close()` spares Bun's own BEGIN / COMMIT / SAVEPOINT (#44799, #44625). - Connection lost under a `begin()` whose callback doesn't return: later `begin()`, `reserve()`, `close()` hung -> the slot goes back at the loss (#43205). `reserved.unsafe()` then ran on the pool's next connection (#45039). - `reserved.release()` during a running `reserved.begin()`: the nested COMMIT committed the next caller's work -> the connection goes back after the transaction (#43255). - `tx.savepoint(sp => [q1, q2])` sent RELEASE before the queries (#43263). `tx.savepoint("audit", fn)` sent `SAVEPOINT s0` -> `s0_audit` (#45111). A failed ROLLBACK lost the callback's error -> it is the `cause` (#41817). - The `begin()` callback saw no `AsyncLocalStorage` store on a cold pool, another request's on a busy one -> its caller's (#43652). - A `reserve()` handle dropped without `release()` kept its connection forever -> released when collected (#35117). - `sql instanceof Bun.SQL` threw -> true for every handle; `class X extends Bun.SQL {}` threw at the definition -> `new X()` throws "Bun.SQL cannot be subclassed" (#42637). `new Bun.sql(url, { tls: true })` dropped the options and connected in plaintext (#45118). - SQLite: a failed COMMIT left the transaction open and every later `begin()` failed -> rolled back. After `INSERT OR ROLLBACK`, `RAISE(ROLLBACK)`, `SQLITE_FULL` the rest of the callback ran in autocommit -> nothing more runs (#45065). `close()` didn't reject a running `begin()` (#43116). #### Options, URLs, environment - `{ filename: "./dev.db" }` without `adapter` dialed PostgreSQL on host `.`; `SQLITE_URL=x.db` opened `postgres://x.db` (#44483). A server's URL in `filename`, or `hostname`, `port` ... next to it, still make it a connection string. `{ adapter: "sqlite", url }` opened `:memory:` (that half of #38427). - `{ adapter: "sqlite" }` next to a server `DATABASE_URL` used it as the file name -> `:memory:`. `{ adapter: "mysql" }` without a host next to `DATABASE_URL=postgres://...` dialed that host and timed out -> `MYSQL_URL`, else defaults, and then with the TLS level the passed-over URL asks for, as on main (`tls: false` or `ssl: "..."` replaces it); such a URL without a host fills in as on main (#45080). - `hostname`, `host`, `path`, `socket` or five explicit PostgreSQL fields next to `DATABASE_URL=:memory:` or another SQLite URL opened SQLite -> the server. `{ url: "postgres://..." }` next to `MYSQL_URL` ran the MySQL driver on it and timed out -> the scheme of `url` wins over the name of a variable (those parts of #41586). - SQLite: `?mode=rw` created the file; `?mode=rw&mode=ro`, a `mode=ro` next to a `#` (`?mode=ro#x`, `?a=b#mode=ro`), `?mode=ro` + `{ readonly: undefined }`, `{ readwrite: false }` opened read-write -> read-only (#38417, #45079, #45153). `bigint: true` did nothing -> `safeIntegers` (#41816). - `socket:` and `?socket=`, both documented, did nothing -> aliases of `path`. `mysql://user:pass@/db?socket=...` threw `Invalid URL` -> URLs without a host parse (#37807, #23954). - A host that starts with `/` (`hostname`, `PGHOST`, `?host=`, `%2F...`) went to DNS -> socket directory. `sslmode=require` on a PostgreSQL unix socket failed -> ignored there, like libpq. - PostgreSQL: a `path` that is a directory was dialed as it is -> `<directory>/.s.PGSQL.<port>`. The pathname of `unix:///run/a.sock` was also the database `run/a.sock` -> the default database. `SQLITE://` / `FILE:` in `filename` or in a variable were `Invalid URL` or PostgreSQL -> SQLite, as in the string form. A NUL in `path` was dropped and TCP dialed -> rejected. - `console.log(sql.options)` printed the password, `tls.key`, `tls.passphrase` -> `[REDACTED]` (#41725). `sql.options.sslMode = "require"` meant `disable` -> the next query rejects (#43818). #### Query building - ``where ${[sql`a`, sql`or b`]}`` bound one parameter and matched every row on PostgreSQL -> the fragments are joined. ``sql({ ts: sql`now()` })``, `sql({ n: sql.array(a, "INT4") })` failed -> work. - The MySQL update helper knew one spelling of `ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE` -> any (#32040, #32035). Keywords inside strings and comments confused helpers. Each helper copied and lower-cased the whole text so far (#43789). - `Buffer` / `Uint8Array` elements in `sql.array` stored garbage -> `\x` hex; a typed array stored `{NaN,NaN}` -> its numbers (#36241). - `sql({ "-1": 1 })` threw. An identifier used in another client's query was quoted for the wrong dialect (#24050). `sql.unsafe(text, values)` read the caller's array when the query ran. - `globalThis.Array = ...` before the first use of `Bun.SQL` threw "The superclass is not a constructor" (#32558). #### PostgreSQL protocol, types, errors - Every pattern of NULLs in a statement's parameters prepared another statement, and none was ever closed, so backends grew to several GB -> the cache key is the text plus the declared types, NULL fits any (#28980). - A statement name could end inside a multi-byte character, and two texts with the same first 40 bytes could share one (42P05) (#44042). A text that ends in NUL put the stream out of step; extended batches sent a Flush before Sync (#44784). - An `int4[]` / `float4[]` with a NULL or more than one dimension was rejected on a binary path (`NULLS_IN_ARRAY_NOT_SUPPORTED_YET`, `MULTIDIMENSIONAL_ARRAY_NOT_SUPPORTED_YET`) -> a plain `Array`, `null` for NULL, `float4` elements widened. The elements decide, not the header's has-nulls flag, which the server leaves set after the last NULL is gone (those parts of #45211, #45062). - A `numeric` of 131,069+ digits read `""` or `"-"` when sent in binary -> to decode, `numeric` and `time` are asked for in text and their binary decoders are deleted (#45014); `int2[]` and `float8[]` are asked for in binary. The values are the same. - Text arrays had a parser with its own number, JSON, date and bytea decoders -> a tokenizer that hands each element to the scalar decoder. Fixed by it: explicit bounds, `'[0:2]={1,2,3}'`, `indkey::int2[]` (#43335, #43332); `1e-07`, `1e+20` in float arrays, `12345678901`, `1e5`, `[null]` in `json[]`, `-0` (#43336, #45305); `json[]` nested over 100 deep. - BC dates were Invalid Date, dates past year 9999 were read in local time on the text paths -> one parser, same instant under every `TZ`. - 65,536 parameters, and on MySQL the second run of a failed prepare or a wrong parameter count, rejected with a plain object (no `stack`, not `instanceof Error`) (#44118, #43992, #43993). A failing query stayed pending forever when `Error.prepareStackTrace` threw -> `stack` is made on the first read (#44204). - `PostgresError.column` / `.line` held a position in Bun's own source when the server sent none -> absent (#45151, #45064). `detail`, `hint`, `constraint` ... were UTF-16 bytes read as text when non-ASCII. `severity` was translated on a server with another `lc_messages`. - The Bind format code came from the list of types Bun can decode, so `numeric`, `float4`, `time` were announced binary and sent as text (08P01) -> binary only where value and type match (`bool`, `int4`, `float8`, `bytea`, `timestamp(tz)`); the rest is text (#41976). - `Date` into `date` / `time` failed (#41976, #29010). `prepare: false` sent a `Date` as `toString()` and an object as `[object Object]` (#39452, #29010, #30221, #39450). decimal.js / Temporal values into `numeric`, `time` failed; `URL`, `DataView` threw; a bigint outside int64 failed -> `numeric`. - A CopyBothResponse hung the query -> "Streaming replication is not supported". - Ten codes that nothing can produce any more are gone: six `ERR_POSTGRES_*` (`*_NOT_SUPPORTED_YET`, `UNSUPPORTED_NUMERIC_FORMAT`, `INVALID_QUERY_BINDING`, `OVERFLOW`, `INVALID_BYTE_SEQUENCE_FOR_ENCODING`), four `ERR_MYSQL_*` (`INVALID_QUERY_BINDING`, `*LOCAL_INFILE*`, `PASSWORD_REQUIRED`). #### PostgreSQL authentication and TLS - `?channel_binding=` was forwarded as a startup parameter (42704). A server that offers no known mechanism got a SCRAM-SHA-256 answer anyway -> `ERR_POSTGRES_SASL_NO_KNOWN_MECHANISM`. A mandatory extension (`m=`) is rejected before the proof (#41703). - A SCRAM iteration count out of bounds failed with `ERR_POSTGRES_INVALID_MESSAGE` "Failed to read data" -> `ERR_POSTGRES_SASL_ITERATION_COUNT_OUT_OF_RANGE` with the count and the bounds (the error of #38133). A GSSAPI / SSPI request showed an unfilled format string -> "GSSAPI authentication is not supported". - Over TLS the StartupMessage (user, database) was queued when the handshake started -> written once chain and identity are accepted. - A TLS 1.2 server that renegotiates reports a second handshake: both drivers sent their login again, and the next query got the reply to it -> ignored after the first. #### MySQL / MariaDB - Two queries on one connection could resolve with each other's rows when a parameter's `toJSON` started a query (#32005). `BUN_FEATURE_FLAG_DISABLE_SQL_AUTO_PIPELINING=1` hung every prepared query (#44022). - One INSERT with K nullable columns was up to 2^K server statements, and statements piled up until the server ran out of memory (a production report is on #33190) (#33190, #28980). - `caching_sha2_password`: the scramble hashed 21 bytes (nonce + NUL), so fast authentication always failed: plain TCP needed `allowPublicKeyRetrieval: true` at every login, not just the first; a password of 20+ bytes failed with errno 1045 -> 20-byte nonce (#33504, #28161, #26195). - A length that points past its packet's end hung the query or decoded the next packet as data (a phantom row) -> `ERR_MYSQL_MALFORMED_PACKET` (#35118). - A `Date` before 1970 was rejected -> years 0 to 9999 (#31209). Prepared `TIMEDIFF()`, `SEC_TO_TIME(3661.25)` lost their fraction (#31738). MariaDB: every object or array parameter failed with errno 1210 (#37125). `DataView` was rejected. - An idle connection that got a query didn't ref the event loop: exit 0 with the query in flight, or a spinning core under top-level await (#38163, #27102). A short `maxLifetime` with a slow handshake rejected the first query. - Every `close()` counted as an aborted client on the server (`Aborted_clients` +3 after 3 closes -> +0). #### SQLite adapter - A valid `SELECT` resolved `[]` (`'%"%'` in the text, `/*c*/select`, `select*from`, `values (...)`), and `INSERT ... SELECT`, `WITH ... INSERT` reported `count` 0 -> the adapter asks SQLite whether the statement returns columns instead of tokenizing (#33583, #30811). - A text whose first statement returns rows (`sql.unsafe("SELECT 1; INSERT ...")`, a migration file that starts with a `PRAGMA`) ran only that statement -> every statement runs; the result is the first statement's rows. Only the first statement can have parameters: a later one that has any is refused, where main bound NULL or skipped it. - Named parameters on a nested `sql.unsafe()` were dropped and NULL was bound: `delete ... where name is not ${sql.unsafe("$o", { $o: "bob" })}` emptied the table -> `SyntaxError`. `sql.unsafe("... = ?", 0)` (also `""`, `false`, `0n`) bound NULL -> binds the value. PostgreSQL: a fragment with a second argument that is no array, in front of a parameter, sent `$NaN` -> works (those parts of #44745, #44867). - More than about 640,000 rows rejected with `RangeError: Maximum call stack size exceeded` (#38438). `sql.flush()` threw -> no-op (#41816). - Through the adapter too: multi-statement errors (#37418), `byteOffset` (#45229); a NUL in a file name throws from `new SQL()` (#37006). #### bun:sqlite - `{}`, `{ create: false }`, `{ readonly: false }`, `{ readwrite: false }` failed with `SQLITE_MISUSE`, `{ create: false, strict: true }` created the file -> the mode comes from `readonly`, `create`, `readwrite` only (#44908, #32422, #9410, #15876). - `SQLiteError.byteOffset` counted from the failing statement -> from the start of the text (#45229). - A kept statement returned rows with the old keys, or values under wrong keys, after `ALTER TABLE` (#32841, #1332); `stmt.columnNames` / `declaredTypes` still update at the next run, as in Node. `SELECT 1`: `row["1"]` was `undefined` (#37238, #18326). - `{ name: 1 }` for `$name` bound NULL (default), `{ $name: 1 }` threw (strict) -> both work (#13409, #18456). Strict `$1` read key `0` (#37240). - UTF-16 strings: a lone surrogate read back as three U+FFFD, a leading U+FEFF was dropped, a leading U+FFFE byte-swapped the rest (#32841). A whole number from 2^51 on was stored as REAL (#43281). `db.prepare(sql, "x")` ignored the binding (#25472, #45367); a lone value is still dropped unless the statement has one parameter. A bind that threw in `prepare()` kept the file open after `close()` until a GC. - `break` out of `iterate()` left the cursor open (`SQLITE_LOCKED`, "database is locked") -> reset (#32917). - A NUL byte in a file name, extension path or schema name cut the string short -> throws (#37006, part of #38514). `Database.setCustomSQLite()` returned `true` where it does nothing (#36371). - A bind failure was a plain `Error` -> `SQLiteError`. SQL text over 1e9 bytes failed as a whole -> the limit is per statement. System-library builds asked `dlopen` for `sqlite3` -> `libsqlite3.so.0` (#26629). #### node:sqlite - `db.close()` / `using db` kept the file and `-wal` / `-shm` open until every `StatementSync` was collected (`EBUSY` on Windows) -> `close()` finalizes the connection's statements and releases the file at once, like Node (#40005, #41890, #40001). - `stmt.get()` built a new Structure per call (#44103, #44084). A `Proxy` (Vue `reactive()`, MobX), a module namespace or a `String` object as named parameters bound NULL to everything. `applyChangeset()` errors had an `errstr` Node's don't have (#34453). #### Crashes and memory safety - PostgreSQL: a query started from a parameter's `toString()` / `toJSON()` on the same connection panicked (`@intCast`) with `prepare: false`, or gave 08P01 plus two queries that never settle -> parameters are converted first, writing Bind runs no JS, and the nested query runs behind the outer one (#43918). - `sql.options.idleTimeout = -1` (or `"abc"`, `{}`) panicked at the next connection, both drivers (#43818). `run()` on the private PostgreSQL query handle with a missing argument panicked (SQL half of #44897). - MySQL: a later parameter's `toJSON` that shrank an earlier resizable `ArrayBuffer` segfaulted -> bytes are read after all user code ran (MySQL half of #38289, #38277). - bun:sqlite: `db.fileControl(op, null)` segfaulted, `(op)` threw -> storage Bun owns (#44089, covers #36301). A `Database` could be closed under its own running `serialize()` (#41611). `RAISE(ABORT, '')` hit a debug assertion (part of #43797). - bun:sqlite, node:sqlite: a 2^30-character string aborted the process -> `RangeError` (parts of #42868). #### Memory and performance - GC cells per awaited `select 1` (release): PostgreSQL 84 -> 28, MySQL 76 -> 27, SQLite 52 -> 33 (whole PR; #44105, #44315). Per cached PostgreSQL query: 47,770 -> 23,291 instructions (-51 %). - A bulk insert of 1,000 x 10, end to end (release, 43ad527e44, the union of keys still in): PostgreSQL -38.0 %, MySQL -52.6 %; with one `undefined` cell +2.1 % and -15.7 %. - The PostgreSQL read buffer was never compacted while reads ended inside a message (rows larger than a socket read): a 1,000 MiB COPY stream grew RSS by 1,235 MB without the fix. Now (release): 255 MiB/s, peak RSS 59 MiB. - bun:sqlite (release): `all()` per row, `get` by key and an insert of 3 ints cost 4,613, 8,375 and 4,489 on main, now 3,225, 6,502 and 3,381; 29 of 31 cases are cheaper. Rows of 63+ columns made one Structure per row -> one per statement, 1,665 -> 310 per cell (#31669); an `exec()` of 80,000 statements 5.34 -> 0.11 s of CPU (#45207). - bun:sqlite: the `Database` is a GC cell that owns its connection (#41611), so dropped `deserialize()` databases and failed opens (#34898) no longer pile up: 40,000 of the first +3,016 -> +3.9 MB. #28911's `db.query()` loop 953 -> 92 MB; text over 64 KB isn't cached (#28912, #28911). Workers shared SQLite's malloc mutex -> configured once per process, `MEMSTATUS` off and `MULTITHREAD` (#44197). - node:sqlite (release): a 5-column `get()` 13,458 -> 4,077 (#44103); all 10 cases are cheaper. #### Tests and CI - **The PostgreSQL test containers crash-restarted under load** (57P03 "the database system is in recovery mode"). We infer: docker kills the `sh -c pg_isready` health check at its 5 s timeout, the postmaster (PID 1) adopts the orphan and takes its exit 2 for a crashed backend. `test/docker/docker-compose.yml` now has an exec-form check and `init: true`. - `sql-tls-ip-literal-host.test.ts` failed 16 of 108 runs on main (mock on 127.0.0.1, client dialed `::1`) -> 0. - `postgres_auth` had the md5 and SCRAM verifiers swapped and no test used it -> fixed; the login tests are in `test/js/sql/postgres-auth.test.ts`. - MariaDB runs the whole `sql-mysql.test.ts` matrix. `prestart-map.mjs` is complete (#35912, #44043), and `test/internal/prestart-map.test.ts` fails when a test's container is missing. The `isDockerEnabled()` wrappers are gone, so `BUN_TEST_SERVICE_*` overrides run the suites (#37123, SQL part of #39850). - Ported test-only PRs: #36948 #37114 #38221 #40193 #40194 #40537 #40633 #41104 #41176 #42587 #44035 #44850. #### Docs and types - `docs/runtime/sql.mdx` was rewritten. - Types: ``await sql`...` `` carries the result metadata (`SQL.ResultMetadata`) (#40434, #30037); `release()` is `Promise<void>` (#43255); `SavepointSQL` has `savepoint()`; bun:sqlite options accept `undefined` under `exactOptionalPropertyTypes` (#45079). - `onconnect` / `onclose` were documented as receiving a client -> an error or `null` (#38625, #38634). `timestamp` decodes as UTC (#39881, #39879). Multi-statement files are atomic on PostgreSQL only (#41744). Also #41813 (SQLite codes, placeholders, MySQL DDL), #44998 (what a savepoint holds), #44373 (defaults), #42206 (SQL half), #41094. - bun:sqlite: examples call `db.run()`, not the deprecated `db.exec()` (#24482); typings and docs for `safeIntegers()` (#26627), `isFinalized`, `toJSON()`, `clearQueryCache()`; `get()` / `all()` without arguments reuse the last bound values (#31747, #26622). ### Found and not fixed "Also on main" is marked (m). - **Worth a close read:** `signature_digest_nid` in `src/boringssl_sys/boringssl.rs` is new unsafe FFI over a certificate the peer chooses, and `on_handshake` now runs user code. - **node:sqlite, macOS:** #45171 (read-only open of a WAL database whose sidecars are gone) isn't fixed and gets easier to hit, because every `close()` is now a real close. - **Options, decided by the maintainer: as on main.** `NODE_TLS_REJECT_UNAUTHORIZED=0` also switches off `sslmode=verify-ca` / `verify-full` (#41589). `new SQL({ hostname })` takes the other fields of an environment URL, its user and password too (#41586). A `TLS_*` URL is taken as written: `?sslmode=disable` or `tls: false` make it plaintext. `PGDATABASE` / `MYSQL_DATABASE` / `MARIADB_DATABASE` beat the URL's database (#45276, #45287). The hardening was in this PR, is out again, and stays open in those pull requests. - **Pool (m):** no lazy or `min`-sized pool (#30631, #30632, #30636), no `AbortSignal` (#23175). Queries assigned to a connection but not sent yet die with it (#44924). At `max: 1` with a `BEGIN` by hand, `idleTimeout` / `maxLifetime` can close the connection between two statements (documented). Other callers' queries already sent behind a query that leaves a transaction open are rolled back with it. - **`--hot`:** a kept pool that nobody asks for a connection during a whole load has its idle connections closed and dials again on demand. An uncleared `setInterval` of an earlier load that queries makes its old pool fill again (m). `listen()` callbacks of earlier loads keep running (m). - **cancel():** a running PostgreSQL query with another one written behind it rejects at once but runs to its end on the server, as on main. MySQL / MariaDB (m): a query on the wire runs to its end. No `KILL QUERY` is sent: it names a session, and a late kill hit the session's next query in 34 % to 88 % of our tries, depending on server and set-up (#44625). - **MariaDB XA**, `max > 1` (m): the connection that prepared a branch answers other callers with 1399, and `commitDistributed()` elsewhere gets 1397. New: `reserved.beginDistributed()` directly followed by `reserved.release()` closes the connection. - **PostgreSQL (m):** `real`, `int4[]` and `float4[]` follow the wire format: `0.1` / `Array` in text, `0.10000000149011612` / a typed array in binary (#41888, #45211). A string bound to `json` / `jsonb` is stored as a JSON string when prepared, like postgres.js, and sent as it is with `prepare: false`, like pg; so `${JSON.stringify(obj)}` stores a string (#28819, #40944). Arrays of user-defined types read as the literal `"{a,b}"` (#41040), composites as `"(1,q)"` (#20379). A fractional number into `numeric` keeps 15 digits, a bare number into `json` / `money` fails (42804). `prepare: false`: a `Date` into `time`, `json`, `jsonb` is rejected. - **PostgreSQL auth:** `prefer` doesn't stop a server from asking for a cleartext or md5 password; `require` does. (m): the SCRAM iteration count must be within 4096..10,000,000, deliberate hardening; libpq, postgres.js and pg accept any count >= 1. Parity is the range check in the SASLContinue arm of `PostgresSQLConnection.rs` (#38133). - **MySQL:** `sha256_password` over a unix socket still needs `allowPublicKeyRetrieval: true`. (m): FLOAT reads `0.1` from `.simple()`, `0.10000000149011612` prepared, like mysql2 (#41888); BIGINT above 2^31 is a string; after `USE` a cached text still runs in the OLD database, silently; a multi-statement text that `KILL QUERY` hits between two statements never settles (`maxLifetime` bounds it). - **SQLite:** on every adapter `transform.undefined` skips `sql.unsafe()` values. `db.prepare("a; b").run()` runs only `a`, like node:sqlite (documented). - **Not reproduced on Linux, no claim:** #24130 #24845 #24434 #23305 #30494 #16844 #17173 #23654 #32099. ### Decisions reversed while writing this - `--hot` was first going to close the old load's connections; the maintainer overruled it. "Close when the settings changed" then closed pools the program still used; now use decides. - The MySQL statement cache was going to be keyed on the text alone, like mysql2 and mariadb. MySQL >= 8.0.22 settles a parameter's type at its first non-NULL value, so `WHERE name = ${"bob"}` after `${5}` returned wrong rows: one statement per text and set of non-NULL types. - Ed25519 under `prefer` was going to fall back to unbound SCRAM, as in #41703; psql 15 fails, and a fallback lets whoever picks the certificate switch the binding off. - `SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS=1` (#20662) was in and is reverted: an upgrade must not lower the durability of a COMMIT. - On the maintainer's decision: a bulk insert takes the first row's keys as its columns, as on main and in postgres.js, not the union of all rows' keys (half of #35111); `int4[]` / `float4[]` and `real` follow the wire format, not one form on every path (#45211, #41888); `console.log(rows)`, `Object.keys(rows)` and a spread list `count`, `command`, `lastInsertRowid`, `affectedRows`, as on main (#38443; `columns` and `statement`, new, are not listed); MySQL's default database stays `mysql`. - Five more are main's again, because main works there and nobody asked: a failing query that nobody handles no longer ends the process; the first query fills the pool to `max` (the lazy pool, #30636); a caller whose dial is refused waits for a connection that is reserved or in a transaction; PostgreSQL `.raw()` returns main's bytes, not text; in `sql.array(values, "JSON" | "JSONB")` `null` is the JSON value and a nested array a dimension. - Taken out before the merge, because main works there. Values: a string into `json` / `jsonb` sent as it is (#40944), a JS array into `text` as an array literal, `Infinity` untyped, typed arrays by the server's type, `foundRows: true` by default, `not in (NULL)` for an empty list on SQLite, the result mode fixed at `execute()`. Errors: for an `async` `db.transaction()` callback (#45132), `parts.map(sql.unsafe)`, `sql.unsafe(text, 0)` (#44745, #44867), `new Database(path, true)`, `{ readonly: true, create: true }` on the SQLite adapter, `prepare: false` on MariaDB. Options: `?` inside a plain SQLite file name (#38427), `new SQL("")` reading the environment. ### From outside contributors PRs by people, team members included. Every item is reimplemented from the idea unless it says otherwise. - #40913 @dylan-conway: his mechanism as it is (`onconnect` at the end of the read, only if still connected), ported by hand to both drivers. Also the error of his #38514. - #25623 @eriklangille: the diagnosis in #23215 and the goal, reuse across `--hot` reloads. Other mechanism: connections move between pools in `pool.ts`, no GC hook. - #23350 @gohryt: the request for COPY and the scenarios to test. Other API. - #36451 @pjb3: the `transform` option on all adapters, with postgres.js's directions, applied to the row shape. - #8558 @nikeee, #25703 @jdjkelly: user-defined functions; the name `function`, option names, arity rule, test ideas. - #12631 @jecquas: `sqlite3_update_hook`, in the shape its review suggested. - #31669 @alii: one cached Structure for rows wider than 62 columns. #31209, #31738 @alii: `Date` parameters before 1970, fractional seconds of binary TIME. - #43789 @ralyodio: the diagnosis that `detectCommand` copies and lower-cases the whole text per helper. #45151 @RubenPari: the cause (every JSC `Error` has its own `line` / `column`) and the `delete`. - #26711 @RajeshKumar11: `PGUSERNAME`. #45287 @wahajahmed010 (the URL's database above `PGDATABASE`) stays open: decided as on main. - #22109 @himself65: `Symbol.for("sqlite-type")`. #26627 @0xh3x: `safeIntegers()` typings. #31747 @Artoria2e5: the JSDoc correction. #24482 @jobansd: `exec` -> `run`, the same 15 edits. #41094 @deepshekhardas: trailing spaces. - Not taken, with thanks (reasons below): #26503 @S4N-T0S, #31751 @EffortlessSteven, #27442 @sosukesuzuki (cases of both are tests now), #22934 @nektro, #16884 @chrisbenincasa, #25836 @alimd, #26880 @theshadow27, #31078 @countradooku, #25403 @abelcha, #44854 and #44860 @deepshekhardas. - Not in this set: #41890 @steipete (only statements a `StatementSync` owns may be finalized), #28161 @kernoeb (found the 21-byte nonce first). Reports and measurements: @bompus (#44084, #44187), @gerardp (#35120, his burst script is a test), @Dex4Sure (#38163), @filipesarturi (#33190), @KilianB (#30037). ### Replaces #8558 #12631 #22109 #23350 #24482 #25623 #25703 #26627 #26711 #28912 #30037 #30648 #30848 #31209 #31669 #31738 #31747 #32040 #32100 #32422 #32558 #32841 #32917 #33189 #33190 #33370 #33504 #33579 #33583 #33740 #34453 #34898 #35111 #35117 #35118 #35120 #35912 #36241 #36301 #36371 #36451 #36948 #37006 #37114 #37123 #37125 #37238 #37240 #37418 #37807 #37819 #37960 #38163 #38219 #38220 #38221 #38417 #38438 #38468 #38625 #38634 #39452 #39881 #40005 #40193 #40194 #40434 #40537 #40633 #40913 #41042 #41051 #41094 #41104 #41176 #41301 #41570 #41605 #41611 #41703 #41725 #41744 #41758 #41813 #41815 #41816 #41817 #41886 #41970 #41976 #42587 #42637 #43116 #43205 #43249 #43255 #43257 #43261 #43263 #43281 #43293 #43306 #43335 #43336 #43652 #43789 #43818 #43918 #43958 #43959 #44022 #44035 #44042 #44043 #44089 #44103 #44105 #44118 #44197 #44204 #44315 #44373 #44483 #44625 #44646 #44784 #44799 #44850 #44908 #44932 #44938 #44983 #44998 #45014 #45065 #45079 #45080 #45096 #45111 #45118 #45151 #45153 #45160 #45207 #45229 #45305 #45332 #45367 #45387 ### Closed without porting - #16884: the compile option is already on main - #22934: those suppressions are already gone (#30875) - #25403: would make the private adapter interface public - #25836: part landed in #43649, two lines mistype - #26503: four claims already fixed on main; default `sslmode` stays `disable` - #26880: superseded by the author's own #26884 - #27442: already fixed on main (#35246) - #31078: nothing can call `interrupt()` while a statement runs - #31751: no observable bug on a real server - #34435: `numeric` is read as text; binary decoder deleted - #34673: its Structure slots are never freed on eviction - #35738: the mock repeats a real-server test - #35753: duplicate export already removed (#44614) - #37544: main already holds statements in `RefPtr` (#40516) - #37620: its leak was fixed on main (#40238) - #44040: superseded by #44105's synchronous start - #44854: makes the page's spelling less consistent - #44860: makes the guide's wording less consistent ### Left open - #26884: backup API is a product decision - #30636: main's docs promise the eager fill; a lazy pool is a product decision - #34281: `mkdir -p` on open is a product decision - #34863: `AsyncDatabase` is a product decision - #36712: the `better-sqlite3` alias is a product decision - #37013: SQL part obsolete since #44618; the rest is not SQL - #38133: the SCRAM floor is kept; only its better error is here - #38289: MySQL half is here; `Bun.Image` is not SQL - #38427: its `url` half is here; the `?` half changes what main opens - #38443: `console.log(rows)` keeps showing the four properties, as on main, decided - #38514: bun:sqlite part is here; the rest is not SQL - #39850: SQL gates are here; the rest is not SQL - #40250: the SQL code it repairs is deleted here; the rest is not SQL - #40944: main works, like postgres.js; the change breaks stored data - #41586: two parts are here; the rest is decided: as on main (Limits) - #41589: decided: as on main (Limits) - #41888: `real` follows the wire format, as on main, decided - #42054: SQL half is here; the Redis half is not - #42206: SQL half is here; the `nodejs-compat` half is not - #42868: SQLite parts are here; the rest is not SQL - #43797: SQLite half is here; the V8 addon half is not - #44745: its SQLite part is here; `parts.map(sql.unsafe)` works on main and in postgres.js - #44867: its SQLite part is here; on the servers `sql.unsafe(text, 0)` runs on main - #44897: SQL half is here; the node:http2 half is not - #44924: handing unsent requests back can half-commit at `max: 1`; needs a maintainer's yes - #44962: SQLite 3.54.0 should merge, and revert, alone - #45132: an `async` callback without `await` works on main - #45211: NULLs and dimensions on the binary paths are here; typed arrays stay, decided - #45287: decided: as on main (Limits) - #45437: a source break in the types, on its own ### Partly addressed - #39877: a bare key binds; an unknown key in default mode still binds NULL (`strict: true` throws). - #43113: not reproduced; the one route found to its errors (an open `iterate()` cursor) is closed. - #19130, #40077: `expect()` no longer hangs on a lazy `Query`; #19130's own script (Windows) didn't hang on Linux, #40077's other items are untouched. - #27102: the process no longer exits with a query in flight; its `CONNECTION_CLOSED` under load wasn't reproduced. #38277: MySQL half only. - #15088: its COPY item. #15087: `SQL.toCamel` and friends cover its SQL use. #18866: `columns` and `statement`, not `state`. #23175: `cancel()` works, no `signal`. #16665: `new Bun.sql(url, options)` applies the options. - #39450: Date and object are fixed; a Date into `time` / `json` with `prepare: false` still differs. - #28819, #40942: not changed, see Limits; `sql.json()` and the docs now say how to store each kind of value. - #26629: changed by reading, no such build was made. #16717: documented (macOS reports Apple's version). #26369: already fixed on main (#44618). - #44187: memory statistics and the connection mutex are gone; scaling like Node was measured on a loaded box only. - #20662: not changed; the docs give the `PRAGMA synchronous = NORMAL` tip. - #24662: async support isn't added; only a promise that is already rejected at the return rolls back, and the docs warn. - #45276: not changed, decided as on main (Limits). ### Issues fixed Fixes #1332. Fixes #1474. Fixes #4175. Fixes #5051. Fixes #9410. Fixes #13409. Fixes #15876. Fixes #16469. Fixes #18326. Fixes #18456. Fixes #23215. Fixes #23954. Fixes #24050. Fixes #25405. Fixes #25472. Fixes #26195. Fixes #26622. Fixes #26684. Fixes #26809. Fixes #28911. Fixes #28980. Fixes #29010. Fixes #29484. Fixes #29551. Fixes #30221. Fixes #30646. Fixes #30811. Fixes #30843. Fixes #32005. Fixes #32035. Fixes #32038. Fixes #32096. Fixes #32148. Fixes #37415. Fixes #39879. Fixes #40001. Fixes #40432. Fixes #41010. Fixes #41039. Fixes #41050. Fixes #41242. Fixes #41740. Fixes #41856. Fixes #42720. Fixes #42804. Fixes #44084. Fixes #44367. Fixes #45039. Fixes #45062. Fixes #45064. Fixes #45275.

Jarred-Sumner · 2026-10-17T07:14:44Z

"reserve connection" in test/js/sql/sql.test.ts now asserts the order in which the queries resolve, [1, 3, 4] while the reservation is held and [1, 3, 4, 2] after it, as proposed here. No timer is left, and both the reservation and the pool are await using, so a failed expect shows a diff instead of a timeout.

We reproduced the failure first. Run alone, main's version fails 5 of 5 times with error: Wrong time, and this version passes 5 of 5 (debug build). The point about "123" is right as well: Promise.all keeps input order, so that check could never fail.

Of the mutations in the description we repeated one: max: 2 fails the test at once. The other one (release the connection when a reserved query completes, which only the version with query 4 catches) we did not rebuild for.

#45304 adds the same test to test/js/sql/sql-mysql.test.ts, where it runs on each MySQL image and on MariaDB. The pool code is shared and nothing covered this there. #45304 also rewrites reserve() and the pool, and the test passes unchanged on the new code.

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robobun mentioned this pull request Aug 14, 2026

sql(postgres): survive close() from inside a Bind encoder #38348

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sql: keep the reservation's pool slot when reserved.begin() rejects before BEGIN #39598

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Jarred-Sumner mentioned this pull request Oct 15, 2026

sql: consolidate the open Bun.sql, bun:sqlite and node:sqlite pull requests #45304

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