test: Add Node 24 to CI matrix

[bydawen]

Description

As a first step in the upgrade to Node 24, add it to the CI matrix as a non-blocking test.

See #542 for further information.

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 94.00%. Comparing base (95e191c) to head (25c0a00).
⚠️ Report is 8 commits behind head on master.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master     #545      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   94.04%   94.00%   -0.05%     
==========================================
  Files          14       14              
  Lines          84      100      +16     
  Branches       18       21       +3     
==========================================
+ Hits           79       94      +15     
- Misses          5        6       +1     

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[brian-smith-tcril]

I'm going to try closing and re-opening this to get tests (20) to appear in the status checks dropdown