php: improvements & fixes

[tinybeachthor]

Towards #240

• use php extensions from composer.json and dependencies
• handle inline version aliases ("dev-master as 1.3.1")
• only do semver match on version-like constraints
• link bins from composer.json
• abort build on incompatible php version
• fix semver ^ comparison
• refactor & cleanup translators
• refactor & simplify semver

[aszenz]

@tinybeachthor
Cool the build now works on the main branch: https://github.com/aszenz/php-app-nix/tree/main

But when i try it on a simpler composer.json here on https://github.com/aszenz/php-app-nix/tree/dev-constraint-error it fails showing:

error: Constraint "dev" could not be parsed

[tinybeachthor]

@aszenz
Fixed now, it was trying to do semver match on all version constraints, even on something like dev-master.
I've added a guard to only semver check constraints where it makes sense.