⬆️👽 Update mqt-core to its latest version

[burgholzer]

Description

This PR updates mqt-core to its latest version, which (amongst others) contains the changes from munich-quantum-toolkit/core#807.

Checklist:

• The pull request only contains commits that are related to it.
• I have added appropriate tests and documentation.
• I have made sure that all CI jobs on GitHub pass.
• The pull request introduces no new warnings and follows the project's style guidelines.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 95.5%. Comparing base (09de617) to head (a49cf1f).
Report is 95 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@          Coverage Diff          @@
##            main    #539   +/-   ##
=====================================
  Coverage   95.5%   95.5%           
=====================================
  Files         40      40           
  Lines       1840    1842    +2     
  Branches     223     224    +1     
=====================================
+ Hits        1758    1760    +2     
  Misses        82      82           

Flag	Coverage Δ		*Carryforward flag
cpp	∅ <100.0%> (∅)
python	∅ <ø> (∅)		Carriedforward from 09de617

*This pull request uses carry forward flags. Click here to find out more.

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
src/EquivalenceCheckingManager.cpp	92.9% <100.0%> (+<0.1%)	⬆️

🚀 New features to boost your workflow:

• ❄️ Test Analytics: Detect flaky tests, report on failures, and find test suite problems.

[burgholzer]

This is somewhat blocked on #432 due to the MQT::CorePython target being removed.
I will probably just cherry-pick these commits to the other PR.

[burgholzer]

Closing in favor of #432.