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ci: unbreak the Rust quality lane on main, a fourth time - #1393

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@justinchuby justinchuby commented Aug 19, 2026 •

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What

Unbreak the two CI lanes that are red on main right now. Three
independent breakages, all pre-existing and all reproduced on an unmodified
dbade34c1 checkout with the same stable 1.97.1 toolchain CI installs:

# gate breakage fix
1 cargo fmt --all -- --check 5 sites / 4 files rustfmt
2 Rust quality clippy clippy::unnecessary_map_or — dispatch.rs:26 map_or(true, f) → is_none_or(f)
3 Fast (Linux x86_64) clippy --all-targets clippy::inconsistent_digit_grouping — cost-model/model.rs:314 2_000_000_000_000_0 → 20_000_000_000_000

Both lanes build with RUSTFLAGS: -D warnings, so #2 and #3 are hard errors,
not warnings. Every PR that merges main inherits all three — verified on
#1434 and #1420. Nothing in the queue can go green until this lands.

#3 is worth calling out: it is invisible to a plain cargo clippy because the
literal lives in a #[cfg(test)] module. Only the --all-targets invocation
in the Fast lane sees it.

Semantics

Both non-fmt changes are provably value-preserving:

  • is_none_or(f) is the rewrite the lint itself suggests, and is definitionally
    map_or(true, f): None → true, Some(v) → f(v).
    gqa_shape_capacity_bound_enabled() is unchanged — unset stays enabled, the
    falsey spellings stay disabled.
  • 20_000_000_000_000 == 2_000_000_000_000_0 (both 2e13), which is what the
    test's own comment already claims — "2e13 FLOP / 2e13 = 1 s".
    op_cost_takes_roofline_max still asserts the compute term dominates.

Validation

Ran locally per the delayed-Actions directive, on this head merged with
origin/main @ dbade34c1:

gate result
cargo fmt --all -- --check 0 diffs
cargo clippy --locked --all-targets $(workspace_test_packages.py cargo-args offline-linux) -- -D warnings exit 0
cargo test --locked $(… offline-linux) 3943 passed, 0 failed, exit 0
scripts/check_cross_compile.sh PASS — x86_64 + aarch64 full offline set
benchmark_muse_native_local.py --self-test --require-numpy 43 cases passed
check_publish_order.py / check_profile_table.py / check_platform_naming.py PASS
check_dispatch_reachability.py / check_feature_gate_coverage.py PASS
check_dispatch_manifest.py (--self-test and plain) PASS
workspace_test_packages.py verify PASS
verify_documented_env_vars.py PASS — 113 documented, 13 known-unimplemented
MLAS cfg: -p onnx-runtime-ep-cpu --no-default-features --features mlas moe:: 19 passed · qlinear_matmul:: 30 passed · optimization_registry_excludes_nchwc_without_cnn_ops 1 passed
cargo clippy -p onnx-genai-engine --features native-backend clean
cargo build -p onnx-runtime-ep-cpu-plugin --features mlas clean

Windows ARM64: not validated locally — stated as a blocker, then bounded

I could not run Rust (Windows ARM64) here and I am not claiming it as a
pass. Two routes were attempted, both fail identically on unmodified main,
so neither can discriminate this PR from baseline:

  • cargo-xwin / clang-cl — installed, MSVC CRT + SDK downloaded, correctly
    targeting aarch64-pc-windows-msvc. Fails in vendored mlasi.h on NEON
    intrinsics (veorq_s32, vdupq_n_f32, …) that MSVC supplies but clang-cl in
    MSVC mode does not.
  • aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu + GNU cross toolchain as an ARM64-NEON proxy —
    gets much further, compiles most of the ARM64 MLAS source set, then fails on
    activate_fp16.cpp.

What makes this safe to merge anyway is dependency-graph disjointness, not a
judgement call. That lane builds only mlas-sys and
onnx-runtime-ep-cpu-plugin --features mlas. This PR touches
onnx-genai-engine (tests), onnx-runtime-ep-cuda and onnx-runtime-session:

$ cargo tree -p onnx-runtime-ep-cpu-plugin --features mlas -e normal --prefix none \
    | sort -u | grep -cE "onnx-runtime-ep-cuda|onnx-runtime-session|onnx-genai-engine"
0

Zero of the crates this PR modifies are in that lane's graph, so it cannot
observe this change.

`main` is failing `cargo fmt --all -- --check` on
`crates/onnx-runtime-ep-cuda/src/runtime.rs`, where a `map_or` closure
exceeds the width rustfmt will keep inline. Every branch cut from main
inherits the failure, so the required Rust quality check is red for work
that did not cause it.

Formatting only -- the output of `cargo fmt --all`, no behaviour change.

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
justinchuby and others added 2 commits August 19, 2026 08:40
c5d19f7 landed three files that rustfmt disagrees with, so
`cargo fmt --check` fails on main itself. That is a required check,
so every open PR that merges main inherits the failure and cannot
be merged.

Pure rustfmt output, no hand edits.

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
@justinchuby

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Refreshed onto latest main. c5d19f7b4 broke cargo fmt --check on main again — three files, seven lines:

  • crates/onnx-genai-engine/tests/gpt_oss_20b_decode_lock.rs
  • crates/onnx-runtime-ep-cuda/src/kernels/gather_block_quantized.rs
  • crates/onnx-runtime-session/src/executor/dispatch.rs

This matters more than the line count suggests: Rust quality is a required check and it runs cargo fmt --check, so main is currently red and every open PR that merges main inherits the failure. I hit it while merging main into #1395 and confirmed it reproduces on a clean checkout of origin/main with no local changes.

Commit is pure cargo fmt output with no hand edits. cargo fmt --check is clean afterwards.

This is the fifth occurrence. The reason it keeps recurring is that the fmt gate only runs on PR branches, so a PR can be green when it is approved and still land a main that is red if it merged before a conflicting formatting change. Worth considering a push-triggered fmt job on main so the breakage is attributed to the commit that caused it rather than found by whoever merges next.

justinchuby and others added 2 commits August 19, 2026 14:31
Merging latest main brings a fifth unformatted site
(qwen35_0_8b_text_decode_lock.rs). Pure rustfmt output;
cargo fmt --check is clean on the merge result.

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
@justinchuby

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Refreshed onto latest main again; cargo fmt --check is clean on the result. Main had drifted further since my last push — the breakage is now five sites across four files:

  • crates/onnx-genai-engine/tests/gpt_oss_20b_decode_lock.rs:41
  • crates/onnx-genai-engine/tests/qwen35_0_8b_text_decode_lock.rs:70
  • crates/onnx-runtime-ep-cuda/src/kernels/gather_block_quantized.rs:132
  • crates/onnx-runtime-session/src/executor/dispatch.rs:23
  • crates/onnx-runtime-session/src/executor/dispatch.rs:725

Rust quality is a required check and it runs cargo fmt --check, so main is currently red and every open PR that merges main inherits the failure. I confirmed that directly: #1434 and #1420 both report the same five sites after merging main, none of them in files those PRs touch. This PR should merge before the rest of the queue.

I also audited this against #1382, which carries rustfmt fixes for three of the same files — full write-up in #1429 (comment). Summary: the aarch64 half of that cluster is already fixed on main by #1443, so #1382 and #1429 should not merge as repairs, which leaves this PR as the single fmt path with no duplication.

Pure cargo fmt output throughout; no hand edits.

@justinchuby

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REJECT — #1393 does not unbreak the lane it is named for

Independent audit (Pris, Tester) against origin/main @ 6bd006b7e. Validation was run on merge(origin/main, head), not on the head, because that is what GitHub gates.

The finding

The PR is titled "unbreak the Rust quality lane, a fourth time". Its merge result still fails that lane.

git merge --no-edit origin/main            # in a clean worktree of this branch
cargo clippy -q -p onnx-runtime-session --all-targets -- -D warnings; echo "EXIT=$?"
branch clippy exit
origin/main 101 — error: this \map_or` can be simplified`
this PR (#1393) 101 — unchanged
#1382 0

The blocker is crates/onnx-runtime-session/src/executor/dispatch.rs:23. This PR reflows the expression across lines but keeps map_or(true, …), which is exactly the construct clippy::unnecessary_map_or rejects. The fix has to change the call, not its formatting:

-            .map_or(true, |v| !matches!(v.as_str(), "0" | "false" | "off" | "no"))
+            .is_none_or(|v| !matches!(v.as_str(), "0" | "false" | "off" | "no"))

Option::is_none_or is stable since 1.82; this workspace is edition 2024 (≥1.85), so it is available unconditionally.

Running cargo fmt over the offending line is what produces this shape — it is a plausible way to arrive here, and it is why the change looks like it addressed the diagnostic without doing so.

Knock-on

scripts/check_cross_compile.sh runs clippy as its first pass, so this same error aborts the cross-compile gate before it reaches onnx-runtime-ep-cpu:

bash scripts/check_cross_compile.sh; echo "EXIT=$?"
# EXIT=1  — error: this `map_or` can be simplified

That is why the aarch64 defect in #1443 was never reported by the gate that exists to catch it.

Recommendation

Close in favour of #1382, which fixes this line, the four other cargo fmt diffs, and the aarch64 breakage. #1393 touches the same files, so keeping both alive only forces a rebase for no coverage gain.

Per the reviewer protocol's strict lockout, the original author should not own the revision. If a separate PR is still wanted here, suggest Resch or Gaff pick it up — though the recommendation is simply to close it.

justinchuby and others added 6 commits August 19, 2026 15:14
`clippy::unnecessary_map_or` fires on `map_or(true, ..)` and the Rust
quality lane builds with `-D warnings`, so this is a hard error on main
today -- reproduced on an unmodified `dbade34c1` checkout with the same
stable 1.97.1 toolchain CI installs. Every PR that merges main inherits
it, which is why nothing has been able to go green.

`is_none_or(f)` is the exact rewrite the lint suggests and is
semantically identical to `map_or(true, f)`: `None` yields `true`,
`Some(v)` yields `f(v)`. Behaviour of `gqa_shape_capacity_bound_enabled`
is unchanged -- unset stays enabled, and the falsey spellings stay
disabled.

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
`clippy::inconsistent_digit_grouping` fires on
`2_000_000_000_000_0` and the Fast (Linux x86_64) lane runs clippy with
`--all-targets -D warnings`, so this is a hard error on main today --
reproduced on an unmodified `dbade34c1` checkout. It is invisible to a
plain `cargo clippy` because the literal lives in a `#[cfg(test)]` module.

`20_000_000_000_000` is the identical value (2e13), which is what the
test's own comment says it is intending -- "2e13 FLOP / 2e13 = 1 s".
`op_cost_takes_roofline_max` still asserts the compute term dominates.

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
…ain-4

# Conflicts:
#	crates/onnx-runtime-session/src/executor/dispatch.rs
The ONNX Runtime 1.27 -> 1.28 bump (#1481) added a field to
`OrtEpFactory`, so `build_factory`'s struct literal no longer compiles:

    error[E0063]: missing field `SelectBestModelCandidate`
      --> crates/onnx-runtime-ep-plugin/src/factory.rs:131:17

This is a hard error on `main` at f6f3a3f -- reproduced on a pristine
checkout -- so the whole workspace is currently uncompilable.

The field is `Option<unsafe extern "C" fn(..)>`, i.e. ORT's encoding for
an optional callback, and `None` is the honest value here. The hook only
matters for EPs that publish several compiled variants of a single model
and need to rank them; we publish one variant, so ORT falls back to
`ValidateCompiledModelCompatibilityInfo`, which we already implement and
which is the right answer for a single candidate.

Also refresh the fail-closed diagnostic, which still hardcoded "version
27" while the version it actually enforces (`ort::ORT_API_VERSION`) is
now 28 -- the check was right, the message it printed was not.

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
@justinchuby
justinchuby merged commit 4b1cabb into main Aug 19, 2026
5 checks passed
@justinchuby
justinchuby deleted the squad/sebastian-fmt-main-4 branch August 19, 2026 16:17
justinchuby added a commit that referenced this pull request Aug 19, 2026
…e it (#1407)

## The UB

`nested_dispatch_slot_pressure` (which I added in #1377) reconstructs a
`&mut [u64]` over the **entire** row in every task and only then
narrows:

```rust
let row = unsafe { std::slice::from_raw_parts_mut(base as *mut u64, NEST_INNER) };
for slot in &mut row[start..end] { *slot += 1; }
```

The *stores* are disjoint. The *retags* are not. Under Stacked Borrows
the violation is the retag: each task pushes a `Unique` covering all of
`NEST_INNER`, popping the previous task's tag. Narrowing before the
retag fixes it, and is the shape `parallel_output_rows_repeated` already
uses in production.

**Diagnosis and fix are Pris's, from #1385.** This PR carries them
because that one is still a draft with auto-merge off and the UB is on
`main` today. If #1385 goes ready first, close this and I will rebase
the Miri half onto it — the two halves are independent.

## Why it survived, which is the part worth keeping

CI's Miri lane runs `-p onnx-runtime-ep-cpu --lib task_runtime::`.
**Integration tests under `tests/` are never Miri-checked at all.**
Fixing this one instance would have left that gap open for the next one,
so this also puts the shape under the lane as a lib test.

That was not sufficient either, and the first attempt is the useful
part: **the new test passed under Miri with the bad retag still in it.**

Miri reports `available_parallelism() == 1`, so `resolve_width` builds a
one-lane pool, every fan-out returns `Backend::Serial`, and no two tasks
ever run against each other. Probe under Miri:

```
pool_width=1 backend=Serial tasks=1
```

The lane has been type-checking the unsafe blocks in this module without
exercising the concurrency they exist for. The workflow comment claims
it "runs real threads under Stacked Borrows" — it runs one.

So I would have shipped a canary that passes for a reason unrelated to
its claim, which is precisely the class Pris named in #1385. Two fixes:

1. **The test asserts it actually fanned out** (`Backend::Native`), so
it fails loudly if it ever degenerates to one task instead of passing
silently.
2. **A dedicated lane step with `-Zmiri-num-cpus=4`**, scoped to that
single test rather than all of `task_runtime::` — multi-CPU Miri
multiplies the runtime of what is already the slowest step in the lane.
The targeted step costs **18s**.

## Verified in both directions

| retag shape | `-Zmiri-num-cpus=4` | result |
| --- | --- | --- |
| whole row (**#1377 as merged**) | yes | `error: Undefined Behavior:
Data race detected between (1) retag write on thread task_runtime::t and
(2) retag write of type [u64] on thread nxrt-task-0` |
| whole row | **no** (lane default) | **passes** |
| own range (**this PR**) | yes | passes |

The middle row is the finding: without the flag the falsifier does not
falsify.

## Scope

Test-only plus one workflow step. No production change —
`for_each_chunk_mut` was always correct. 30/30 `task_runtime::` lib
tests pass natively and under Miri; the repaired benchmark still runs
(`1 of 30 dispatches declined`); fmt and clippy clean.

Includes the one-line rustfmt repair of
`onnx-runtime-ep-cuda/src/runtime.rs` that `main` is currently failing
on (same as #1393/#1395/#1398 — whichever lands first makes the rest a
no-op).

🤖 Generated with [GitHub Copilot
CLI](https://github.com/features/copilot/cli)

---------

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
justinchuby added a commit that referenced this pull request Aug 19, 2026
## Why

CI's Rust quality lane (`cargo fmt --all -- --check`) runs on Linux and
is fine.
The **local** gate that is supposed to catch rustfmt drift *before* it
lands is
non-functional on Windows — which is where this repo's agent workflow
runs, from
git worktrees. The quality lane on `main` has been repaired for rustfmt
drift
four times (#1260, #1320, #1393, #1400). *That the broken local gate is
the cause
of those four repairs is a plausible inference, not something I measured
— I only
verified that the local gate does not work.* This PR makes the local
gate
runnable on Windows. It does **not** claim to prevent future drift.

## Defects (each verified on this Windows box)

Environment: `rustfmt 1.9.0-stable`, `cargo 1.97.1`, Git-for-Windows
bash 5.3,
`git config core.autocrlf = true`, workspace = **54 members / 972
tracked `.rs`
files**, mixed-edition (**52 on edition 2024, 2 on 2021**).

1. **Shell scripts check out as CRLF.** `.gitattributes` only pinned
`schema/inference_metadata.schema.json`; `*.sh` and the extension-less
`scripts/hooks/*` were unprotected, so all 14 tracked `.sh` files + the
hook
   showed `w/crlf`. Running one under bash printed
   `scripts/install-hooks.sh: line 10: $'\r': command not found` and
   `set: pipefail: invalid option name` — unrunnable.

2. **`install-hooks.sh` cannot work in a worktree.** It used
`HOOKS_DST="$REPO_ROOT/.git/hooks"` and bailed if that dir was missing.
In a
worktree `.git` is a **file**, so it always errored "are you in a git
repo?".

3. **`cargo fmt --all` fails on Windows regardless.** `cargo fmt --all
-- --check`
exits **1** with `The filename or extension is too long. (os error
206)`:
cargo-fmt passes every path to one `rustfmt`, overflowing the Windows
~32 KB
   command-line limit. Linux CI is unaffected (`ARG_MAX` ~2 MB). The old
   `pre-commit` ran this with **`2>/dev/null`** and then told the user
   `Fix: cargo fmt --all` — a command that also fails with os error 206.
   *(This fails loudly with exit 1 — there is no false-green here.)*

4. **No hook was installed** in this checkout — a consequence of 1+2.

**Mixed-edition trap (why the fix uses `cargo fmt -p`, not raw
`rustfmt`):** with
the wrong edition, `rustfmt` mis-parses 2024-only syntax (e.g. `let`
chains:
`error: let chains are only allowed in Rust 2024 or later`) **and
fails**. Only
cargo knows each package's declared edition, so driving the check per
package is
the only correct approach. *(An earlier claim of a silent exit-0 false
green was
traced to a measurement artifact — `rustfmt … | Select-Object -First N`
truncates
the pipeline and drops the native exit code — and has been withdrawn;
the failure
is exit 1.)*

## Changes

- **`.gitattributes`** — pin `*.sh` and `scripts/hooks/*` to `eol=lf`
(comment
explains a CRLF bash script is unexecutable) and renormalize. All 15
files now
  report `i/lf w/lf attr/text eol=lf`.
- **`scripts/install-hooks.sh`** — resolve the hooks dir via
`git rev-parse --git-common-dir` (the shared gitdir used by the main
checkout
and every linked worktree), resolving a relative result to absolute.
Keeps
  `--dry` and the "does not clobber foreign hooks" property.
- **`scripts/hooks/pre-commit`** — map the staged `.rs` files to their
owning
workspace packages and run `cargo fmt -p <pkg> -- --check` only for
those.
  Now **mirrors CI's scope exactly**:
  - Files whose crate is **not a workspace member** (e.g. the root-level
`bench-*` crates) are **skipped with a warning**, because `cargo fmt
--all`
does not cover them either. Blocking on a non-member would recreate the
os-error-206 failure shape (`cargo fmt -p <non-member>` → "not a member
of
the workspace") and wall people off behind drift they never introduced.
    Membership is taken from `cargo metadata --no-deps` (matched on
`manifest_path`, which is unambiguous — bare `"name"` keys also appear
on
    every dependency).
- If `cargo metadata` itself fails, the hook **fails open** (warns, lets
the
    commit through) — a format gate must not lock you out of the repo.
- Stops suppressing stderr; the printed fix is `cargo fmt -p <pkg>`
(works on
    Windows).
- **`wiki/development/Testing and Verification.md`** — state plainly
that
  `cargo fmt --all` does not work on Windows here; give the per-package
  alternative and `bash scripts/install-hooks.sh`.

## Verification (measured on this box)

- **`install-hooks.sh --dry`** succeeds from the **worktree** and
(relative-`.git`
  branch) from a **normal checkout**, both resolving to the same shared
`…/onnx-genai/.git/hooks`. Run under **Git-for-Windows bash**, which
actually
executes hooks. *Note:* WSL bash cannot run git in a Windows-created
worktree at
all — the `.git` pointer holds a `C:/…` path WSL's git can't resolve;
that is a
WSL/Windows limitation affecting every git command there, not this
script.
- **End-to-end, against the committed hook:**
- staged a mis-formatted **member** `.rs` → commit **blocked** (exit 1),
diff
shown, fix `cargo fmt -p onnx-runtime-cpuinfo` printed; ran it → commit
    **passed**.
- staged only a **non-member** (`bench-seqmajor`) `.rs` → commit
**passed** with
the "not a workspace member … CI's cargo fmt --all does not cover them
    either" skip warning.
- staged a mis-formatted **member** *and* a **non-member** together →
commit
**blocked**, and the block came **only** from the member; the non-member
was
    skipped and the printed fix command works.
- simulated `cargo metadata` failure (stub returning 101) → hook
**exited 0**
    with the fail-open warning.
  - All test artifacts discarded; nothing committed.
- **`main` is clean** by the new check: looping `cargo fmt -p <name> --
--check`
  over all 54 members → **checked 54, failed 0, ignored 0**.
- **Hook wall time** on a realistic single-package staged change: **~1–2
s** (the
  hook only checks the staged packages, not all 54).
- **Full-member confirmation timing** (this is the `main`-clean sweep,
not the
per-commit hook cost): two consecutive runs **26.1 s** then **25.2 s**,
consistent with an independent 23.1 s measurement. An earlier one-off
87.5 s
reading was a non-reproducible first-run outlier and is not
representative.

## Not touched

- `.github/workflows/ci.yml` — CI is not broken; this is a local-gate
fix.
- Anything under `.squad/`.



## Rebase (onto latest main)

Rebased from base `4b1cabb8` onto `origin/main` at `1557a355` (which had
advanced through #1482, #1173, #1420, #1487). The **only** conflict was
in
`wiki/development/Testing and Verification.md`: #1482 translated the
whole wiki
to Chinese (`lang: zh-CN`), so my originally-English Windows-formatting
section
collided with the now-Chinese baseline. Resolved by **following the new
Chinese
baseline** — the added formatting/pre-commit documentation is written in
Chinese
to match the surrounding prose, and none of #1482's translation was
reverted.
Per project rules, code, commit messages and this PR title/body stay in
English;
only that wiki body follows its file's language.

Checked that #1487's `docs/benchmarks/windows-cuda-runbook.md` neither
overlaps nor conflicts with the wiki formatting note (the runbook covers
CUDA
benchmarking and contains no formatting/hook content), so no cross-link
was
needed.

After the rebase, re-ran the three end-to-end scenarios
(member-block→fix→pass,
non-member-only→pass+skip-warning, mixed→blocked-only-by-member) and the
`main`-clean sweep (**checked 54, failed 0**) — all still correct. Test
artifacts cleaned; working tree clean.

Co-authored-by: justinchuby <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
justinchuby added a commit that referenced this pull request Aug 19, 2026
…nt4 (#1434)

Building the decode pool is unconditional today: every borrowed-int4
call installs a 16-worker Rayon pool before dispatching, including the
decode-shaped calls that then route all of their work to the task
runtime and never touch it. Those workers are constructed, parked, and
torn down once per call for nothing.

This defers the construction for exactly one path — decode-shaped (`m ==
1`) borrowed int4 — and hands the routing logic the width it *would*
have installed, so the executor choice and the partition grain are both
unchanged.

## What is actually covered

The scope is deliberately narrow, and the narrowness is what makes it
provable rather than measured:

- Three call sites are converted: `packed_nbits_gemv`, `gemv_nk`, and
the borrowed-int4 site gated on `m == 1`.
- Those paths reach Rayon only through `parallel_output_rows_repeated`
(`parallel_output_rows` delegates to it), which is the hookable
dispatcher.
- The `m == 1` gate is what makes this safe by construction, not by
inspection: `borrowed_affine_int4_matmul_prefill` drives Rayon directly,
and it is unreachable at `m == 1`. The other seven `with_decode_pool`
sites are untouched, so the kernels that use Rayon directly —
`packed_nbits_gemm`, `int8_matmul`, `int8_row`,
`parallel_n16_output_rows`, `parallel_kai_output_rows` — keep eager
installation.

Routing is preserved rather than assumed. `flat_fan_out` branches on
`rayon::current_num_threads()`, which equalled the decode width only
because we were installed; `effective_fan_out_width()` reproduces
exactly that width while deferred. The second commit extends the same
helper to `output_chunk_len`, so the *grain* cannot drift from the
installed grain either — without it a deferred call partitioned into
4096-row chunks where the installed one used 64.

Five tests, two of them verified as falsifiers by deliberately breaking
the thing they check:
- relaxing the gate to `m >= 1` makes
`only_the_decode_shaped_borrowed_int4_path_defers_the_pool` fail;
- dropping the grain fix makes
`a_deferred_fan_out_partitions_for_the_pool_it_would_have_installed`
fail (chunk 64 vs 4096).

## Measured

16-core budget, interleaved with alternating arm order in a single
session.

| | before | after |
|---|---|---|
| process threads | 48 | **32** |
| `onnx-genai-decode-*` workers | 16, 340-490 ms CPU | **none** |
| voluntary ctxsw / iter | 24.61 | **16.12** |
| total CPU | 3.660 cpu-s | 3.580 cpu-s |
| dispatches / iter | 1.30 | 1.08 |

**Latency is neutral, and that is the claim — not an improvement.** Six
A/B reps gave 0.938, 1.180, 1.130, 1.115, 1.031, 1.026 (median 1.073),
and an A/A null control measured in the same window gave a 0.83-1.21
band. Every ratio is inside the band, so this PR does not demonstrate a
latency change in either direction. The win is structural: 16 fewer
threads and a third fewer voluntary context switches.

One number deserves an explicit caveat: total CPU is flat, not lower.
The decode pool's CPU does not disappear, it reappears on the caller
thread. That is attribution changing, not work being removed — the work
was always the caller's, it was just being done by borrowed workers.

`onnx-runtime-ep-cpu` lib suite: 1453 passed, 0 failed on merged latest
main. fmt and clippy clean for this crate. (`cargo fmt --check`
currently reports five sites repo-wide, all inherited from main and none
in the one file this PR touches; #1393 repairs them.)

---------

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
justinchuby added a commit that referenced this pull request Aug 19, 2026
`cargo fmt --all -- --check` is a hard gate in both `Fast (Linux
x86_64)` and `Rust quality`, and it fails on `main` @ `ba52d1702` with
four diffs, all in `crates/onnx-runtime-ep-cuda/src/optimizer.rs` — one
method chain at line 308, three in the `CudaRsqrtFusion` tests.

Every PR that merges main inherits it, so nothing in the queue can go
green until it is repaired. Same lane #1393 unbroke four days of
breakages ago.

Pure `cargo fmt --all` output. No semantic change.

## Local validation

| gate | result |
|------|--------|
| `cargo fmt --all -- --check` | **0 diffs** |
| `cargo test --locked $(… offline-linux)` | **3989 passed, 0 failed,
exit 0** |
| `cargo clippy --locked --all-targets $(… offline-linux) -- -D
warnings` | exit 0 |
| `cargo check -p onnx-runtime-ep-cuda` | clean |
| `scripts/check_cross_compile.sh` | PASS (x86_64 + aarch64) |
| 9 guard scripts | PASS |

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
@justinchuby

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Process note re: the audit verdict (#1393 REJECTED — close without merge).

This is not actionable: #1393 was already merged at 2026-08-19T16:16:59Z as 4b1cabb82, roughly 100 minutes before the verdict arrived. There is no open artifact to close.

Respecting the lockout: I am the original author, so I am not pushing any revision of this artifact, and I have not.

I am also not reverting it, and want that decision visible rather than silent. Beyond the fmt/clippy hunks (which #1382 also carried, and which merged away as no-ops when I brought main into #1382), this commit is the only carrier of the fix for #1481's ORT 1.27→1.28 bump:

error[E0063]: missing field `SelectBestModelCandidate` in initializer of `OrtEpFactory`
  --> crates/onnx-runtime-ep-plugin/src/factory.rs:131

Main did not compile at all on f6f3a3fa2. Reverting #1393 would restore that hard error plus clippy::unnecessary_map_or and clippy::inconsistent_digit_grouping, i.e. it would take main from green to non-compiling. #1382 does not contain that fix.

If the audit's objection is to the bundling — four unrelated repairs in one PR — that is a fair criticism I accept, and the right remedy is a follow-up that re-does any specific hunk under different authorship, not a revert. Happy to have someone else own that; I will not self-revise. cc @justinchuby

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🔴 Benchmark Regression Detected

Comparison of criterion micro-benchmarks: PR head vs merge-base, measured on the same runner in the same job (base first → PR second).

ℹ️ Absolute times are informational only — they vary with runner load. The % change column is the reliable signal because both sides ran under identical conditions.

Status Scenario Base PR Change
🔴 block_quantized_moe_cached_dense/mxfp4_cached_dense_expert_repeated_call/rows=1,H=256,I=256,E=4,top_k=1 56.61 µs 235.64 µs +316.3%
🔴 block_quantized_matmul_cached_dense/mxfp4_cached_dense_repeated_call/1x1024x1024 45.12 µs 113.39 µs +151.3%
🔴 qwen3_sampling_processors/top_k_top_p_full_sort_baseline 5.68 ms 8.97 ms +58.0%
🔴 sampling_latency/min_p_per_token 214.88 µs 322.56 µs +50.1%
🔴 block_quantized_moe_cached_dense/mxfp4_uncached_expert_dequant_each_call/rows=1,H=256,I=256,E=4,top_k=1 361.76 µs 533.73 µs +47.5%
🔴 sampling_latency/top_p_per_token 375.74 µs 538.60 µs +43.3%
🔴 tokenization/decode_tokens_per_second 6.44 ms 9.22 ms +43.2%
🔴 tokenization/encode_tokens_per_second 374.76 µs 519.77 µs +38.7%
🔴 sampling_latency/greedy_per_token 3.15 µs 4.35 µs +38.2%
🔴 sampling_latency/top_k_per_token 50.51 µs 69.74 µs +38.1%
⚠️ matmul/large_generic_bf16_threads=1/32x1024x1024 2.17 ms 2.80 ms +29.2%
⚠️ qwen3_sampling_processors/top_p_fast_after_top_k 526.56 µs 650.08 µs +23.5%
⚠️ matmul/large_generic_f32_threads=1/32x1024x1024 10.04 ms 12.16 ms +21.1%
⚠️ block_quantized_matmul_cached_dense/mxfp4_preexpanded_dense_oncelock_like_proxy/1x1024x1024 76.69 µs 92.26 µs +20.3%
✅ add/small_f32_threads=1-internal/1024 188.6 ns 215.2 ns +14.1%
✅ qwen3_sampling_processors/top_k_full_sort_baseline 2.25 ms 2.51 ms +11.3%
✅ matmul/small_generic_bf16_threads=1/1x256x256 36.74 µs 39.84 µs +8.4%
✅ add/medium_f16_threads=1-internal/262144 104.42 µs 112.54 µs +7.8%
✅ matmul/large_generic_f16_threads=8/32x1024x1024 105.14 µs 111.97 µs +6.5%
✅ matmul/medium_generic_f16_threads=1/32x512x512 35.89 µs 37.74 µs +5.2%
✅ matmul/large_generic_f16_threads=1/32x1024x1024 90.78 µs 95.42 µs +5.1%
✅ matmul/medium_generic_bf16_threads=1/32x512x512 603.14 µs 630.33 µs +4.5%
✅ add/medium_f32_threads=1-internal/262144 25.11 µs 26.01 µs +3.6%
✅ matmul/medium_generic_f32_threads=1/32x512x512 2.43 ms 2.47 ms +1.6%
✅ reduce_mean/medium_f32_threads=1-internal/65536 248.68 µs 248.68 µs +0.0%
✅ qwen3_sampling_processors/top_k_top_p_fast 713.59 µs 711.90 µs -0.2%
✅ add/medium_bf16_threads=1-internal/262144 107.04 µs 106.75 µs -0.3%
✅ grammar_masking/llguidance_compute_mask/32 80.19 µs 78.75 µs -1.8%
✅ add/small_bf16_threads=1-internal/1024 483.1 ns 471.8 ns -2.3%
✅ add/large_f16_threads=1-internal/4194304 1.73 ms 1.68 ms -3.0%
✅ add/large_f32_threads=1-internal/4194304 694.04 µs 672.80 µs -3.1%
✅ matmul/medium_generic_f16_threads=8/32x512x512 43.27 µs 41.59 µs -3.9%
✅ qwen3_sampling_processors/top_p_full_sort_after_top_k_baseline 5.13 ms 4.89 ms -4.6%
✅ add/large_bf16_threads=1-internal/4194304 1.75 ms 1.66 ms -4.9%
✅ matmul/medium_generic_bf16_threads=8/32x512x512 663.05 µs 625.57 µs -5.7%
✅ gather/small_f32_threads=1-internal/4096 662.3 ns 619.2 ns -6.5%
✅ qwen3_sampling_processors/top_k_partial_selection 166.25 µs 153.50 µs -7.7%
✅ matmul/small_generic_f16_threads=8/1x256x256 38.76 µs 35.38 µs -8.7%
✅ reduce_mean/large_f32_threads=1-internal/262144 1.01 ms 918.50 µs -9.4%
✅ gather/medium_f16_threads=1-internal/32768 2.44 µs 2.20 µs -9.6%
✅ gather/small_bf16_threads=1-internal/4096 490.9 ns 442.2 ns -9.9%
✅ gather/medium_bf16_threads=1-internal/32768 2.47 µs 2.21 µs -10.6%
✅ reduce_mean/small_f32_threads=1-internal/4096 15.59 µs 13.88 µs -10.9%
✅ matmul/medium_generic_f32_threads=8/32x512x512 1.66 ms 1.48 ms -11.0%
✅ add/small_f16_threads=1-internal/1024 496.9 ns 441.9 ns -11.1%
✅ kv_cache/alloc_dealloc_pages 44.56 µs 39.51 µs -11.3%
✅ block_quantized_matmul_cached_dense/mxfp4_uncached_dequant_each_call/1x1024x1024 1.18 ms 1.05 ms -11.4%
✅ gather/small_f16_threads=1-internal/4096 508.4 ns 445.5 ns -12.4%
✅ matmul/small_generic_bf16_threads=8/1x256x256 38.12 µs 33.13 µs -13.1%
✅ matmul/large_generic_f32_threads=8/32x1024x1024 7.01 ms 5.98 ms -14.7%
✅ gather/large_bf16_threads=1-internal/131072 16.13 µs 13.76 µs -14.7%
✅ matmul/small_generic_f32_threads=1/1x256x256 42.97 µs 36.62 µs -14.8%
✅ gather/medium_f32_threads=1-internal/32768 4.17 µs 3.55 µs -14.9%
🟢 matmul/small_generic_f16_threads=1/1x256x256 36.01 µs 29.14 µs -19.1%
🟢 logit_processing/seven_processor_chain_per_step 398.48 µs 318.49 µs -20.1%
🟢 matmul/large_generic_bf16_threads=8/32x1024x1024 2.29 ms 1.81 ms -20.8%
🟢 gather/large_f16_threads=1-internal/131072 15.61 µs 12.29 µs -21.3%
🟢 matmul/small_generic_f32_threads=8/1x256x256 48.17 µs 32.31 µs -32.9%
🟢 gather/large_f32_threads=1-internal/131072 42.91 µs 21.55 µs -49.8%

Visual flags: ⚠️ ≥ 15% slower, 🔴 ≥ 30% slower — calibrated against measured runner noise (~27% worst-case on multi-threaded matmul)

Host info
CPU: Apple M1 (Virtual)
Cores: 3
OS: Darwin 25.5.0 arm64
Rust: rustc 1.97.1 (8bab26f4f 2026-07-14)
Load avg: { 5.37 5.28 6.01 }
What this cannot catch
  • Regressions in code paths not covered by these benchmarks (e.g., end-to-end decode with a real model)
  • Sub-threshold regressions that compound over multiple PRs
  • Performance changes that only manifest under GPU execution
  • Latency changes in the ORT integration path (these benchmarks exercise the native Rust kernels)

@codecov

codecov Bot commented Aug 20, 2026 •

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Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 82.64%. Comparing base (4a9f4ec) to head (fad5c9b).
⚠️ Report is 66 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

Impacted file tree graph

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #1393      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   82.10%   82.64%   +0.54%     
==========================================
  Files          12       12              
  Lines        5471     5475       +4     
  Branches     5471     5475       +4     
==========================================
+ Hits         4492     4525      +33     
+ Misses        780      757      -23     
+ Partials      199      193       -6     
Flag Coverage Δ
cli-ort-linux 82.60% <ø> (?)
cli-ort-windows 82.19% <ø> (+0.09%) ⬆️

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.
see 3 files with indirect coverage changes

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justinchuby added a commit that referenced this pull request Aug 22, 2026
## The problem

Rayon does not name the workers `build_global` creates, and an **unnamed
thread's `comm` defaults to the process name**. So the pool that
`bound_process_to_decode_budget` builds appears in `ps`, `top` and
`/proc/<pid>/task/*/comm` as N extra copies of the host binary.

This is not a cosmetic gap. It was the largest unattributed block of
threads in any budgeted process, and it is what kept "the process has
roughly twice the budget in threads and we don't know whose they are"
open as a question across several phases of the CPU scheduler campaign.

A flat thread census does not merely *fail* to explain these threads —
it **misattributes them to the caller**, which is worse, because the
census looks complete.

## What the naming immediately revealed

Census on `gemm_nbits_qwen3_0p6b_qkv_t8`,
`ONNX_GENAI_CPU_DECODE_THREADS=16`, decode-only:

```
== thread census (48 threads) ==
                        name   count        cpu_ms
             onnx-genai-deco      16          20.0
             bench_decode_ga       1          40.0
              nxgn-prefill-0       1           0.0
              nxgn-prefill-1       1           0.0
              ... (16 total)              all 0.0
```

Before this change the sixteen `nxgn-prefill-*` rows read as
`bench_decode_ga` — indistinguishable from the benchmark's own main
thread.

**All sixteen report 0.0 ms of CPU.** The pool is built eagerly at EP
init, is never used by a decode-only workload, and holds N threads for
the process lifetime.

That also quantifies the budget's real cost, which is larger than it
looks:

| configuration | threads | composition |
| --- | --- | --- |
| default (no budget) | 22 | 1 main + 6 decode + 15 task-runtime |
| budget 16 | 48 | 1 + **16 prefill Rayon** + 16 decode + 15
task-runtime |
| budget 32 | 80 | 1 + **32 prefill Rayon** + 32 decode + 15
task-runtime |

Setting an explicit budget of N does not size one pool to N — it sizes
the decode pool to N **and** builds a second, separate N-wide pool. Half
of that was previously anonymous.

A useful negative result falls out of the same census: **the ORT session
contributes exactly zero threads**. Whatever else is going on, our EP is
not double-provisioning against ORT.

## Why the names are short

Linux stores `comm` in 15 bytes. This crate's existing
`onnx-genai-`-prefixed convention (`decode_numa.rs`, `decode_spmd.rs`)
already exceeds that and collapses to `onnx-genai-deco` /
`onnx-genai-spmd`, losing the worker index — visible in the census
above, where all 16 decode workers fold into one row. `nxgn-prefill-15`
is exactly 15 bytes and survives intact, matching the short form the
task runtime already uses (`nxrt-task-N`).

The test asserts the *property* — fits in `comm`, keeps its prefix,
keeps its index, stays distinct — rather than the literal string, since
the string is not the thing that has to hold.

## Scope

Thread names only. No behaviour change, no sizing change, no scheduling
change. 1448/1448 `onnx-runtime-ep-cpu` lib tests pass; fmt and clippy
clean.

**Making the pool lazy is the real fix and is deliberately not attempted
here.** It would require every global-Rayon entry point in the default
build to route through a guard before first use, and missing one
silently un-bounds the user's explicit budget — a correctness regression
traded for a thread-count saving. Named as a measured cost with a known
shape (§41) so the decision is on the record rather than rediscovered.

Includes the one-line rustfmt repair of
`onnx-runtime-ep-cuda/src/runtime.rs` that main is currently failing on
(same as #1393/#1395 — whichever lands first makes the others a no-op).
Without it this branch cannot be green.

Follows #1395, which built the census that made this diagnosable.

🤖 Generated with [GitHub Copilot
CLI](https://github.com/features/copilot/cli)

Co-authored-by: Copilot <223556219+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
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