influxdb: add support for path parameter

[pdcemulator]

Proposed change

My InfluxDB is running behind a reverse proxy, like https://myhost.mydomain.tld/influx.
To be able to access this db from HA, we have to add the new path parameter. The path parameter is already supported by the influxdb-python lib, which is used by this integration.

This is my first PR, so I hope I did everything right.

Type of change

• Spelling, grammar or other readability improvements (current branch).
• Adjusted missing or incorrect information in the current documentation (current branch).
• Added documentation for a new integration I'm adding to Home Assistant (next branch).
  • I've opened up a PR to add logo's and icons in Brands repository.
• Added documentation for a new feature I'm adding to Home Assistant (next branch).
• Removed stale or deprecated documentation.

Additional information

• Link to parent pull request in the codebase: Add influxdb path parameter core#35089
• Link to parent pull request in the Brands repository:
• This PR fixes or closes issue:

Checklist

• This PR uses the correct branch, based on one of the following:
  • I made a change to the existing documentation and used the current branch.
  • I made a change that is related to an upcoming version of Home Assistant and used the next branch.
• The documentation follows the Home Assistant documentation standards.

[frenck]

Thanks, @pdcemulator! 👍