ethereum · minimalsm · Jan 12, 2026
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+# Spanish Translation Glossary
+
+This document provides guidelines for translating ethereum.org content into Spanish. It aims to ensure consistency across translations and help both human translators and AI translation tools produce high-quality localized content.
+
+## Universal Rules (Apply to All Languages)
+
+These rules apply broadly across translations and should be considered when creating glossaries for other languages.
+
+### Never Translate
+
+The following categories should **never** be translated:
+
+1. **Programming Languages & Frameworks**
+   - Solidity, Vyper, Rust, Python, JavaScript, TypeScript, etc.
+   - React, Node.js, Hardhat, Foundry, etc.
+
+2. **Company & Product Names**
+   - Alchemy, Infura, QuickNode, Chainlink, etc.
+   - MetaMask, Ledger, Trezor, Rainbow, etc.
+   - OpenZeppelin, Consensys, etc.
+
+3. **Protocol & Network Names**
+   - Ethereum, Bitcoin, Polygon, Arbitrum, Optimism, etc.
+   - IPFS, Swarm, etc.
+
+4. **Technical Standards**
+   - ERC-20, ERC-721, ERC-1155, EIP-1559, etc.
+
+5. **Code Elements**
+   - Function names, variable names, file paths
+   - Code snippets, command-line instructions
+
+6. **Acronyms (Keep Original)**
+   - NFT, DAO, DeFi, DEX, CEX, TVL, APY, APR
+   - EVM, RPC, API, SDK, JSON, HTTP
+   - Note: Provide translated expansion on first use, e.g., "tokens no fungibles (NFT)"
+
+### Always Translate
+
+These should always be localized:
+
+1. **Common Technical Concepts**
+   - wallet → billetera/cartera
+   - blockchain → cadena de bloques (or "blockchain" if widely used)
+   - smart contract → contrato inteligente
+   - transaction → transaccion
+   - block → bloque
+   - node → nodo
+   - mining → mineria
+   - staking → staking (or participacion, see notes)
+
+---
+
+## Spanish-Specific Guidelines
+
+### Terms That Should NOT Be Translated
+
+| English | Keep As | Reason |
+|---------|---------|--------|
+| Solidity | Solidity | Programming language name (NOT "Solidez") |
+| Vyper | Vyper | Programming language name |
+| Alchemy | Alchemy | Company name (NOT "Alquimia") |
+| Infura | Infura | Company name |
+| MetaMask | MetaMask | Product name |
+| Rollup / Rollups | Rollup / Rollups | Technical term widely used in Spanish crypto community |
+| Mainnet | Mainnet | Standard network terminology |
+| Testnet | Testnet | Standard network terminology |
+| Gas | Gas | Standard Ethereum terminology |
+| Gwei | Gwei | Unit of measurement |
+| Wei | Wei | Unit of measurement |
+| Ether / ETH | Ether / ETH | Currency name |
+| Beacon Chain | Beacon Chain | Protocol name |
+| Merge | Merge | Historical event name |
+| Dencun | Dencun | Upgrade name |
+| Pectra | Pectra | Upgrade name |
+| Blob | Blob | Technical term |
+| Shard / Sharding | Shard / Sharding | Technical term (or "fragmentacion" with explanation) |
+
+### Terms That SHOULD Be Translated
+
+| English | Spanish | Notes |
+|---------|---------|-------|
+| wallet | billetera / cartera | Both acceptable, be consistent within document |
+| smart contract | contrato inteligente | |
+| blockchain | cadena de bloques | Can also use "blockchain" if context is technical |
+| proof-of-work | prueba de trabajo | |
+| proof-of-stake | prueba de participacion | |
+| validator | validador | |
+| block | bloque | |
+| transaction | transaccion | |
+| account | cuenta | |
+| address | direccion | |
+| private key | clave privada | |
+| public key | clave publica | |
+| seed phrase | frase semilla / frase de recuperacion | |
+| node | nodo | |
+| consensus | consenso | |
+| finality | finalidad | |
+| attestation | atestacion | NOT "certificacion" |
+| withdrawal | retiro | |
+| deposit | deposito | |
+| layer 2 | capa 2 | |
+| bridge | puente | |
+| oracle | oraculo | |
+| governance | gobernanza | |
+| treasury | tesoreria | |
+| fee | tarifa / comision | |
+| liquidity | liquidez | |
+| collateral | colateral / garantia | |
+| slashing | penalizacion / slashing | Can use either with context |
+| epoch | epoca | |
+| slot | ranura / slot | "Slot" acceptable in technical contexts |
+
+### Debatable Terms (Choose Consistently)
+
+These terms have multiple acceptable translations. Choose one and be consistent:
+
+| English | Options | Recommendation |
+|---------|---------|----------------|
+| staking | staking / participacion | Use "staking" (widely adopted) |
+| token | token | Keep as "token" |
+| hash | hash | Keep as "hash" |
+| fork | bifurcacion / fork | Use "bifurcacion" for concept, "fork" for specific events |
+| mining | mineria | |
+| miner | minero | |
+| dapp | dapp / aplicacion descentralizada | Write out on first use, then "dapp" |
+| DeFi | DeFi / finanzas descentralizadas | Write out on first use, then "DeFi" |
+| airdrop | airdrop / lanzamiento aereo | "Airdrop" is more common |
+| whitepaper | whitepaper / libro blanco | "Whitepaper" is more common in crypto |
+
+### Formality: Use Usted (Formal)
+
+Spanish translations should consistently use the formal "usted" form, not the informal "tu":
+
+| Incorrect (Informal) | Correct (Formal) |
+|---------------------|------------------|
+| Recuerda que... | Recuerde que... |
+| Tu billetera | Su billetera |
+| Conecta tu wallet | Conecte su wallet |
+| Obten mas informacion | Obtenga mas informacion |
+| Asegurate de... | Asegurese de... |
+
+### Regional Considerations
+
+The site uses Latin American Spanish conventions:
+
+| Spain Spanish | Latin American Spanish | Use |
+|--------------|----------------------|-----|
+| ordenador | computadora | computadora |
+| movil | celular | celular |
+| aplicacion | aplicacion | aplicacion |
+
+### Common Translation Mistakes to Avoid
+
+1. **Solidity as "Solidez"**
+   - WRONG: "Escrito en Solidez"
+   - CORRECT: "Escrito en Solidity"
+
+2. **Alchemy as "Alquimia"**
+   - WRONG: "Usar Alquimia para conectar"
+   - CORRECT: "Usar Alchemy para conectar"
+
+3. **Rollups as "Agrupaciones"**
+   - WRONG: "Las Agrupaciones de capa 2"
+   - CORRECT: "Los Rollups de capa 2"
+
+4. **Mixing tu/usted**
+   - WRONG: "Conecta su billetera y recuerda..."
+   - CORRECT: "Conecte su billetera y recuerde..."
+
+5. **Translating code/technical paths**
+   - WRONG: `/desarrolladores/documentos/`
+   - CORRECT: `/developers/docs/`
+
+### Formatting Notes
+
+1. **Numbers**: Use period for thousands, comma for decimals
+   - English: 1,000.50
+   - Spanish: 1.000,50
+
+2. **Quotation marks**: Use angular quotes
+   - English: "example"
+   - Spanish: <<ejemplo>> or "ejemplo"
+
+3. **Lists**: Capitalize first word, use period at end if complete sentence
+
+---
+
+## AI Translation Guidance
+
+When using AI translation tools (like Gemini, GPT, Claude), configure the following rules:
+
+### Pre-translation Checklist
+
+1. Mark proper nouns as "do not translate":
+   - All programming language names
+   - All company/product names
+   - All protocol names
+   - All upgrade/event names (Merge, Dencun, Pectra, etc.)
+
+2. Set formality to "formal" (usted)
+
+3. Set regional variant to "Latin American Spanish"
+
+### Post-translation Review Checklist
+
+- [ ] Verify proper nouns were NOT translated
+- [ ] Check for duplicate headings (AI artifact)
+- [ ] Verify markdown links have no space before URL
+- [ ] Confirm consistent use of usted (formal)
+- [ ] Check technical terms match glossary
+
+---
+
+## Contributing to This Glossary
+
+If you identify inconsistencies or have suggestions:
+
+1. Open an issue with the `translation` label
+2. Reference the specific term and proposed change
+3. Provide context for why the change improves consistency
+
+This glossary should be reviewed quarterly and updated based on:
+- Community feedback
+- New terminology in the Ethereum ecosystem
+- Common errors found in translation reviews