op-program: Implement oracle backed database

[ajsutton]

Description

Adds an implementation of ethdb.KeyValueStore sufficient to be used for block processing.

Also adds separate oracle method to access code by hash to support the way Geth now adds a prefix to the hash when storing new code values in the database.

Removed the context from oracle methods and stored one as a property in the fetcher implementation. This isn't the typical golang pattern but it fits better here as we'll need to support a fully synchronous, local execution mode where having a context doesn't make sense and a context isn't passed into the ethdb.KeyValueStore methods.

Tests

Tested the database adapter methods directly for low lever behaviour, as well as a backing for an op-geth statedb to ensure the database behaviour is compatible with the real code using it.

Metadata

• Part of https://linear.app/optimism/issue/CLI-3741/l2-oracle-backed-execution-engine

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Latest commit: 8fe0096

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #5349 (8fe0096) into develop (1ee6896) will decrease coverage by 3.56%.
The diff coverage is 62.29%.

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff             @@
##           develop    #5349      +/-   ##
===========================================
- Coverage    38.84%   35.28%   -3.56%     
===========================================
  Files          394      240     -154     
  Lines        26345    21890    -4455     
  Branches       838        0     -838     
===========================================
- Hits         10233     7724    -2509     
+ Misses       15331    13421    -1910     
+ Partials       781      745      -36     

Flag	Coverage Δ
bedrock-go-tests	35.28% <62.29%> (+0.05%)	⬆️
common-ts-tests	?
contracts-bedrock-tests	?
contracts-tests	?
core-utils-tests	?
dtl-tests	?
fault-detector-tests	?
sdk-tests	?

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
op-program/cmd/main.go	68.85% <0.00%> (-1.15%)	⬇️
op-program/l2/db.go	53.65% <53.65%> (ø)
op-program/l2/fetcher.go	66.66% <88.88%> (+12.49%)	⬆️

... and 157 files with indirect coverage changes

[protolambda]

LGTM, but the prefix check looks unsafe, so I'll mark this as request-changes for now. If it's actually safe this way then a comment would help for later readers.

[mergify]

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[mergify]

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[mergify]

This PR is next in line to be merged, and will be merged as soon as checks pass.