Update URLS in doc link service

[lcawl]

Summary

This PR:

• updates the doc link service to use the appropriate URLs for the new doc system
• adds a server.publicBaseUrl keyword in the service and updates public_base_url.tsx to use it, since the hard-coded fragment will not work when we shift to the new docs site.

This update is accomplished by taking our current (work in progress) list of redirects and using it to replace the values in get_doc_links.ts via a python script. It does not check the validity of the existing anchors in the URLs.

Refer to #215084 (comment) for discussion about the build failures.

Checklist

Check the PR satisfies following conditions.

Reviewers should verify this PR satisfies this list as well.

• Any text added follows EUI's writing guidelines, uses sentence case text and includes i18n support
• Documentation was added for features that require explanation or tutorials
• Unit or functional tests were updated or added to match the most common scenarios
• If a plugin configuration key changed, check if it needs to be allowlisted in the cloud and added to the docker list
• This was checked for breaking HTTP API changes, and any breaking changes have been approved by the breaking-change committee. The release_note:breaking label should be applied in these situations.
• Flaky Test Runner was used on any tests changed
• The PR description includes the appropriate Release Notes section, and the correct release_note:* label is applied per the guidelines

Identify risks

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Describe the risk, its severity, and mitigation for each identified risk. Invite stakeholders and evaluate how to proceed before merging.

• See some risk examples
• ...

[lcawl]

/ci

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Pinging @elastic/kibana-docs (Team:Docs)

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💔 Build Failed

• Buildkite Build
• Commit: a8a790b

Failed CI Steps

• Build Kibana Distribution
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History

• 💔 Build #285616 failed 0702208
• 💔 Build #285608 failed 6ab841b

[kilfoyle]

LGTM! 🚢
Still in draft mode but I trust it's okay to approve.

[lcawl]

This PR has been replaced by #219657 and the rest of the PRs linked from #217722