[7.17](backport #41104) x-pack/metricbeat/module/mssql: Update mssql image version to avoid SIGABRT and update HEALTHCHECK

[mergify]

Proposed commit message

Related: microsoft/mssql-docker#868, microsoft/mssql-docker#881, sqldef/sqldef#560 (comment) (etc.)

Reported first here: #40924 (comment)

For 6.7 Linux Kernel, the 2017, 2019, and 2022 mssql versions started breaking. Microsoft has updated some images and now they are working. Please take a look at the linked issues for more info.

Not adding a CHANGELOG entry as it's a change that only impacts integration tests.

There's one more change that is required to fix another issue: elastic/integrations#10899; I fixed the same issue in integrations a couple of months back. Done the same here.

Checklist

• My code follows the style guidelines of this project
• I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
• I have made corresponding changes to the documentation
• I have made corresponding change to the default configuration files
• I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my feature works
• I have added an entry in CHANGELOG.next.asciidoc or CHANGELOG-developer.next.asciidoc.

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This is an automatic backport of pull request #41104 done by [Mergify](https://mergify.com).

[botelastic]

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