[release/10.0] [NativeAOT] Adjust SSP to match RSP of the throw site

[github-actions]

Backport of #119167 to release/10.0

/cc @jkotas

Customer Impact

• Customer reported
• Found internally

Throwing and catching exceptions in a loop consumes shadow stack memory, and eventually leads to stack overflow exception (after about 100,000 exceptions thrown and caught with default stack size). Windows 11 and Native AOT specific bug.

Regression

• Yes
• No

Regression .NET 8 -> .NET 9 regression introduced by CET support

Testing

Native AOT outer loop, re-enabled test disabled due to this bug

Risk

[High/Medium/Low. Justify the indication by mentioning how risks were measured and addressed.]

IMPORTANT: If this backport is for a servicing release, please verify that:

• The PR target branch is release/X.0-staging, not release/X.0.

Package authoring no longer needed in .NET 9

IMPORTANT: Starting with .NET 9, you no longer need to edit a NuGet package's csproj to enable building and bump the version.
Keep in mind that we still need package authoring in .NET 8 and older versions.

[jeffschwMSFT]

approved. please get a code review. we can merge when ready

[dotnet-policy-service]

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