The razor repo isn't working correctly in source-build because it's not producing any packages. Source-build, by definition, is done in a Linux environment. The changes in #8275 caused this regression.
You can see the effect of this by looking at the internal CI build artifacts. In the build artifacts (internal Microsoft link) for the build associated with the commit from #8275, you can see it has this BlobArtifacts/Microsoft.SourceBuild.Intermediate.razor.7.0.0-preview.23114.3.symbols.nupkg which is effectively empty. Compare that to the CI build of the previous commit which was working; it has a BlobArtifacts/Microsoft.SourceBuild.Intermediate.razor.7.0.0-preview.23114.2.symbols.nupkg file which is correctly populated (i.e. it has an artifacts directory in the package).