[controls] fix memory leak in `VisualElement.Background` #13656

jonathanpeppers · 2023-03-02T17:14:47Z

Fixes #12344
Fixes #13557
Context: https://github.com/dotnet-presentations/dotnet-maui-workshop

While testing the Monkey Finder sample, I found the following scenario causes an issue:

Declare a {StaticResource} Brush at the Application level, with a lifetime of the entire application.
Set Background on an item in a CollectionView, ListView, etc.
Scroll a lot, navigate away, etc.
The Brush will hold onto any View's indefinitely.

The core problem here being VisualElement does:

    void NotifyBackgroundChanges()
    {
        if (Background is ImmutableBrush)
            return;

        if (Background != null)
        {
            Background.Parent = this;
            Background.PropertyChanged += OnBackgroundChanged;

            if (Background is GradientBrush gradientBrush)
                gradientBrush.InvalidateGradientBrushRequested += InvalidateGradientBrushRequested;
        }
    }

If no user code sets Background to null, these events remain subscribed.

To fix this:

Create a WeakNotifyCollectionChangedProxy type for event subscription.
Don't set Background.Parent = this

General Cleanup

Through doing other fixes related to memory leaks & C# events, we've started to gain a collection of WeakEventProxy-related types.

I created some core internal types to be reused:

abstract WeakEventProxy<TSource, TEventHandler>
WeakNotifyCollectionChangedProxy

The following classes now make use of these new shared types:

BindingExpression
BindableLayout
ListProxy
VisualElement

This should hopefully reduce mistakes and reuse code in this area.

Concerns

Since, we are no longer doing:

Background.Parent = this;

This is certainly a behavior change. It is now replaced with:

SetInheritedBindingContext(Background, BindingContext);

I had to update one unit test that was asserting Background.Parent, which can assert Background.BindingContext instead.

As such, this change is definitely sketchy and I wouldn't backport to .NET 7 immediately. We might test it out in a .NET 8 preview first.

jonathanpeppers · 2023-03-02T17:17:12Z

src/Controls/tests/Core.UnitTests/BrushUnitTests.cs

-			Assert.Same(parent, parent.Background.Parent);
 			Assert.Same(context, parent.Background.BindingContext);


This is a behavior change that we don't set Background.Parent anymore.

However, Background.BindingContext is set, so you should be able to use {Binding} such as:

<Label> <Label.Background> <SolidColorBrush Color="{Binding Foo}" /> </Label.Background> </Label>

And the Label's BindingContext should pass on to the SolidColorBrush.

Yeah, this was always interesting as a single brush can be used for multiple views. Is there anything that needs access to the brush/stroke's parent? If there is, then this is really interesting as who wins? Last one? First one?

I am also wondering about that binding context... If I set one brush on 2 views, is it just going to overwrite the BC to the last one? Maybe that is just how it works?

Yes, it seems like that is how it always worked...

Fixes: dotnet#12344 Fixes: dotnet#13557 Context: https://github.com/dotnet-presentations/dotnet-maui-workshop While testing the `Monkey Finder` sample, I found the following scenario causes an issue: 1. Declare a `{StaticResource}` `Brush` at the `Application` level, with a lifetime of the entire application. 2. Set `Background` on an item in a `CollectionView`, `ListView`, etc. 3. Scroll a lot, navigate away, etc. 4. The `Brush` will hold onto any `View`'s indefinitely. The core problem here being `VisualElement` does: void NotifyBackgroundChanges() { if (Background is ImmutableBrush) return; if (Background != null) { Background.Parent = this; Background.PropertyChanged += OnBackgroundChanged; if (Background is GradientBrush gradientBrush) gradientBrush.InvalidateGradientBrushRequested += InvalidateGradientBrushRequested; } } If no user code sets `Background` to `null`, these events remain subscribed. To fix this: 1. Create a `WeakNotifyCollectionChangedProxy` type for event subscription. 2. Don't set `Background.Parent = this` ~~ General Cleanup ~~ Through doing other fixes related to memory leaks & C# events, we've started to gain a collection of `WeakEventProxy`-related types. I created some core `internal` types to be reused: * `abstract WeakEventProxy<TSource, TEventHandler>` * `WeakNotifyCollectionChangedProxy` The following classes now make use of these new shared types: * `BindingExpression` * `BindableLayout` * `ListProxy` * `VisualElement` This should hopefully reduce mistakes and reuse code in this area. ~~ Concerns ~~ Since, we are no longer doing: Background.Parent = this; This is certainly a behavior change. It is now replaced with: SetInheritedBindingContext(Background, BindingContext); I had to update one unit test that was asserting `Background.Parent`, which can assert `Background.BindingContext` instead. As such, this change is definitely sketchy and I wouldn't backport to .NET 7 immediately. We might test it out in a .NET 8 preview first.

github-actions · 2023-03-02T21:19:17Z

Thank you for your pull request. We are auto-formating your source code to follow our code guidelines.

jonathanpeppers · 2023-03-03T01:39:34Z

src/Controls/src/Core/Internals/MaybeNullWhenAttribute.cs

+	/// <summary>Specifies that an output may be null even if the corresponding type disallows it.</summary>
+	[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Field | AttributeTargets.Parameter | AttributeTargets.Property | AttributeTargets.ReturnValue, Inherited = false)]
+	internal sealed class MaybeNullAttribute : Attribute { }


I got this from:

https://source.dot.net/#Microsoft.Build.Framework/NullableAttributes.cs,68093cc4b5713519

So we can use these NRT annotations in a netstandard2.0 library.

We did bad things in essentials:

#if !NETSTANDARD [return: NotNullIfNotNull("defaultValue")] #endif

One day this can all go away and we use net6/7 everywhere.

mattleibow · 2023-03-06T20:52:08Z

Looks good to me, but maybe a third @PureWeen can hit the merge if there are no weirdos in here?

mattleibow

Just spotted something, not sure if I am missing it or it is a thing...

src/Controls/src/Core/VisualElement.cs

As seen in dotnet#13973, some of my recent changes had a flaw: * dotnet#13550 * dotnet#13806 * dotnet#13656 Because nothing held onto the `EventHandler` in some of these cases, at some point a GC will prevent future events from firing. So for example, my original attempt to test this behavior: [Fact] public async Task RectangleGeometrySubscribed() { var geometry = new RectangleGeometry(); var visual = new VisualElement { Clip = geometry }; bool fired = false; visual.PropertyChanged += (sender, e) => { if (e.PropertyName == nameof(VisualElement.Clip)) fired = true; }; // Was missing these three lines!!! // await Task.Yield(); // GC.Collect(); // GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers(); geometry.Rect = new Rect(1, 2, 3, 4); Assert.True(fired, "PropertyChanged did not fire!"); } In each case, I added an additional test showing the problem. I played around with some ideas, but the simplest solution is to save the `EventHandler` in a member field of the subscriber. Will keep thinking of smarter ways to handle this. I also fixed several GC-related tests that were ignored, hoping they might help find issues in this area. My `await Task.Yield()` trick was enough to make them pass.

As seen in #13973, some of my recent changes had a flaw: * #13550 * #13806 * #13656 Because nothing held onto the `EventHandler` in some of these cases, at some point a GC will prevent future events from firing. So for example, my original attempt to test this behavior: [Fact] public async Task RectangleGeometrySubscribed() { var geometry = new RectangleGeometry(); var visual = new VisualElement { Clip = geometry }; bool fired = false; visual.PropertyChanged += (sender, e) => { if (e.PropertyName == nameof(VisualElement.Clip)) fired = true; }; // Was missing these three lines!!! // await Task.Yield(); // GC.Collect(); // GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers(); geometry.Rect = new Rect(1, 2, 3, 4); Assert.True(fired, "PropertyChanged did not fire!"); } In each case, I added an additional test showing the problem. I played around with some ideas, but the simplest solution is to save the `EventHandler` in a member field of the subscriber. Will keep thinking of smarter ways to handle this. I also fixed several GC-related tests that were ignored, hoping they might help find issues in this area. My `await Task.Yield()` trick was enough to make them pass. * Fix tests in Release mode In `Release` mode, a `GC.KeepAlive()` call is needed for the tests to pass. Co-authored-by: GitHub Actions Autoformatter <[email protected]>

* Removed BuildTizenDefaultTemplate and just have it call RadioButton's default template since they were identical. (#13996) * Reinstate WebView cookie functionality for Android & iOS (#13736) * Fix iOS cookies * Fix Android Cookies * Update src/Core/src/Platform/iOS/MauiWKWebView.cs Co-authored-by: Manuel de la Pena <[email protected]> * Auto-format source code * Update MauiWKWebView.cs * Update src/Core/src/Platform/iOS/MauiWKWebView.cs --------- Co-authored-by: Manuel de la Pena <[email protected]> Co-authored-by: GitHub Actions Autoformatter <[email protected]> * Revert 10759. Fix Button sizing using HorizontalOptions. (#14005) * Ensure that Grid is treating star rows/columns as Auto when unconstrained (#13999) * Ensure that Grid is treating star rows/columns as Auto when unconstrained Fixes #13993 * Auto-format source code --------- Co-authored-by: GitHub Actions Autoformatter <[email protected]> * [iOS] Implement ScrollView Orientation (#13657) * [iOS] Remove not used mapper for ContentSize * [iOS] Implement Orientation mapping * [Samples] Add sample page for ScrollView orientation * Try without this * [iOS] Move from extension to helper * Add back removed API * Use SetNeedsLayout to call measure of ContentView * Cleanup * [Android] Fix Frame Renderer to use Wrapper View correctly (#12218) * [Android] Fix Frame to call missing mapper methods * - fix rebase * Auto-format source code * - update tests and wrapper view code * - remove code that's now generalized in ViewHandler * - cleanup frame renderer --------- Co-authored-by: GitHub Actions Autoformatter <[email protected]> * [controls] fix cases a GC causes events to not fire (#13997) As seen in #13973, some of my recent changes had a flaw: * #13550 * #13806 * #13656 Because nothing held onto the `EventHandler` in some of these cases, at some point a GC will prevent future events from firing. So for example, my original attempt to test this behavior: [Fact] public async Task RectangleGeometrySubscribed() { var geometry = new RectangleGeometry(); var visual = new VisualElement { Clip = geometry }; bool fired = false; visual.PropertyChanged += (sender, e) => { if (e.PropertyName == nameof(VisualElement.Clip)) fired = true; }; // Was missing these three lines!!! // await Task.Yield(); // GC.Collect(); // GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers(); geometry.Rect = new Rect(1, 2, 3, 4); Assert.True(fired, "PropertyChanged did not fire!"); } In each case, I added an additional test showing the problem. I played around with some ideas, but the simplest solution is to save the `EventHandler` in a member field of the subscriber. Will keep thinking of smarter ways to handle this. I also fixed several GC-related tests that were ignored, hoping they might help find issues in this area. My `await Task.Yield()` trick was enough to make them pass. * Fix tests in Release mode In `Release` mode, a `GC.KeepAlive()` call is needed for the tests to pass. Co-authored-by: GitHub Actions Autoformatter <[email protected]> * [iOS] Scroll with the keyboard to not block entries and editors (#13499) --------- Co-authored-by: dustin-wojciechowski <[email protected]> Co-authored-by: Gerald Versluis <[email protected]> Co-authored-by: Manuel de la Pena <[email protected]> Co-authored-by: GitHub Actions Autoformatter <[email protected]> Co-authored-by: Javier Suárez <[email protected]> Co-authored-by: E.Z. Hart <[email protected]> Co-authored-by: Rui Marinho <[email protected]> Co-authored-by: Shane Neuville <[email protected]> Co-authored-by: Jonathan Peppers <[email protected]> Co-authored-by: TJ Lambert <[email protected]>

daltzctr · 2023-05-30T14:11:03Z

Is it possible that this can get backported to NET 7.0?

jonathanpeppers commented Mar 2, 2023

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PureWeen requested review from jsuarezruiz and StephaneDelcroix March 2, 2023 17:29

jonathanpeppers force-pushed the VisualElementLeaks branch from 82d4c29 to a66507c Compare March 2, 2023 21:13

Auto-format source code

d87eb34

jonathanpeppers commented Mar 3, 2023

View reviewed changes

jonathanpeppers marked this pull request as ready for review March 3, 2023 01:42

StephaneDelcroix approved these changes Mar 6, 2023

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jonathanpeppers mentioned this pull request Mar 6, 2023

Every MAUI Page generates a Memory Leak on iOS and macCatalyst #13520

Closed

jonathanpeppers requested a review from mattleibow March 6, 2023 14:47

Eilon added legacy-area-perf Startup / Runtime performance legacy-area-controls Label, Button, CheckBox, Slider, Stepper, Switch, Picker, Entry, Editor and removed legacy-area-perf Startup / Runtime performance labels Mar 6, 2023

jonathanpeppers requested a review from PureWeen March 6, 2023 20:41

mattleibow reviewed Mar 6, 2023

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src/Controls/src/Core/VisualElement.cs Show resolved Hide resolved

src/Controls/src/Core/VisualElement.cs Outdated Show resolved Hide resolved

Add test & subscribe to InvalidateGradientBrushRequested

9bc7d0f

jonathanpeppers requested a review from mattleibow March 8, 2023 16:05

mattleibow approved these changes Mar 8, 2023

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mattleibow merged commit 58a42e5 into dotnet:main Mar 8, 2023

jonathanpeppers deleted the VisualElementLeaks branch March 8, 2023 17:27

mattleibow added the backport/suggested The PR author or issue review has suggested that the change should be backported. label Mar 9, 2023

jonathanpeppers mentioned this pull request Mar 10, 2023

CollectionView slow/jittering scroll #12130

Closed

jonathanpeppers mentioned this pull request Mar 16, 2023

[controls] fix cases a GC causes events to not fire #13997

Merged

jonathanpeppers mentioned this pull request Mar 22, 2023

Possible Memory leaks? #12048

Closed

jonathanpeppers mentioned this pull request Mar 30, 2023

Performance degradation when navigating to a page and going back several times #12930

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jonathanpeppers mentioned this pull request Apr 18, 2023

ListView/CollectionView memory leak under Windows #9162

Closed

PureWeen mentioned this pull request May 23, 2023

Using a Brush in the App resources causes memory leak #15231

Closed

hartez added the backport/NO This change should not be backported. It may break customers. label May 31, 2023

jonathanpeppers added the memory-leak 💦 Memory usage grows / objects live forever label Jul 12, 2023

github-actions bot locked and limited conversation to collaborators Dec 12, 2023

samhouts added the fixed-in-8.0.0-preview.3.8149 Look for this fix in 8.0.0-preview.3.8149! label Aug 2, 2024

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[controls] fix memory leak in `VisualElement.Background` #13656

[controls] fix memory leak in `VisualElement.Background` #13656

jonathanpeppers commented Mar 2, 2023 •

edited by samhouts

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daltzctr commented May 30, 2023

		Assert.Same(parent, parent.Background.Parent);
		Assert.Same(context, parent.Background.BindingContext);

[controls] fix memory leak in VisualElement.Background #13656

[controls] fix memory leak in VisualElement.Background #13656

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jonathanpeppers commented Mar 2, 2023 • edited by samhouts Loading

General Cleanup

Concerns

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daltzctr commented May 30, 2023

[controls] fix memory leak in `VisualElement.Background` #13656

[controls] fix memory leak in `VisualElement.Background` #13656

jonathanpeppers commented Mar 2, 2023 •

edited by samhouts

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