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Problem

When using jupyter-mcp-server 0.17.0 as a Jupyter Server Extension with jupyter-collaboration, MCP tools fall back to "file mode" instead of using RTC (Real-Time Collaboration) mode, causing WebSocket disconnections in the JupyterLab UI.

Symptoms

  • User executes cells successfully from JupyterLab UI
  • MCP client (Claude Code) modifies/executes cells via MCP tools (works fine)
  • After MCP modifications, user's UI becomes unresponsive
  • Cells don't execute from UI, execution counter doesn't update
  • Browser refresh required to restore UI functionality
  • Kernel stays alive but WebSocket connection is broken

Environment

  • jupyter-mcp-server 0.17.0 (Jupyter Server Extension mode)
  • jupyterlab 4.4.1
  • jupyter-collaboration 4.0.2
  • datalayer-pycrdt 0.12.17
  • Python 3.13.7
  • Claude Code as MCP client

MCP Configuration

```json
{
"mcpServers": {
"jupyter": {
"command": "npx",
"args": ["mcp-remote", "http://127.0.0.1:8888/mcp"]
}
}
}
```

Server Logs

```
[INFO] Notebook not open, using file mode
[INFO] Wrote outputs to cell in
[INFO] Out-of-band changes. Overwriting the content in room json:notebook:
```

The "Out-of-band changes" message indicates MCP wrote to the file directly, bypassing the Y.js collaboration layer, which breaks the UI's WebSocket connection.

Root Cause

  1. MCP tools access collaboration via `serverapp.web_app.settings.get("yroom_manager")`
  2. jupyter-collaboration never adds `yroom_manager` to `web_app.settings`
  3. YDocExtension stores it as `self.ywebsocket_server` but doesn't expose it in settings
  4. When yroom_manager lookup returns None, tools fall back to direct file writes
  5. Direct file writes bypass Y.js CRDT layer → "Out-of-band changes" → WebSocket disconnect

Solution

Access ywebsocket_server via the extension_manager:

```python
serverapp.extension_manager.extension_points['jupyter_server_ydoc'].app.ywebsocket_server
```

Also fixed DocumentRoom API - access document via `room._document` instead of calling non-existent `get_jupyter_ydoc()` method.

Impact

✅ MCP now uses true RTC mode when jupyter-collaboration is available
✅ No more WebSocket disconnections after MCP cell modifications
✅ UI stays responsive - no browser refresh required
✅ Enables true simultaneous editing between MCP clients and human users
✅ Works with Claude Code, VS Code, Cursor, and other MCP clients

Files Changed

  • `execute_cell_tool.py`
  • `overwrite_cell_source_tool.py`
  • `insert_cell_tool.py`
  • `insert_execute_code_cell_tool.py`
  • `delete_cell_tool.py`

Testing

Verified with:

  • JupyterLab 4.4.1 + jupyter-collaboration 4.0.2 + datalayer-pycrdt 0.12.17
  • jupyter-mcp-server 0.17.0 as Jupyter Server Extension
  • Claude Code as MCP client (npx mcp-remote transport)
  • Confirmed MCP cell modifications no longer break UI WebSocket
  • Confirmed execution from both MCP and UI works simultaneously without refresh
  • Server logs now show "Notebook is open, using RTC mode" instead of "file mode"

## Problem

When using jupyter-mcp-server as a Jupyter Server Extension with jupyter-collaboration,
MCP tools fall back to "file mode" instead of using RTC (Real-Time Collaboration) mode.

**Symptoms:**
- User executes cells successfully from JupyterLab UI
- MCP client (Claude Code) modifies/executes cells via MCP tools (works fine)
- After MCP modifications, user's UI becomes unresponsive
- Cells don't execute from UI, execution counter doesn't update
- Browser refresh required to restore UI functionality
- Kernel stays alive but WebSocket connection is broken

**Environment Tested:**
- jupyter-mcp-server 0.17.0 (Jupyter Server Extension mode)
- jupyterlab 4.4.1
- jupyter-collaboration 4.0.2
- Python 3.13.7
- Claude Code as MCP client

**MCP Configuration (.mcp.json):**
```json
{
  "mcpServers": {
    "jupyter": {
      "command": "npx",
      "args": ["mcp-remote", "http://127.0.0.1:8888/mcp"]
    }
  }
}
```

**Server logs show:**
```
[INFO] Notebook <id> not open, using file mode
[INFO] Wrote outputs to cell <n> in <path>
[INFO] Out-of-band changes. Overwriting the content in room json:notebook:<id>
```

The "Out-of-band changes" message indicates MCP wrote to the file directly,
bypassing the Y.js collaboration layer, which breaks the UI's WebSocket connection.

## Root Cause

1. MCP tools access collaboration via `serverapp.web_app.settings.get("yroom_manager")`
2. jupyter-collaboration never adds `yroom_manager` to web_app.settings
3. YDocExtension stores it as `self.ywebsocket_server` but doesn't expose it in settings
4. When yroom_manager lookup returns None, tools fall back to direct file writes
5. Direct file writes bypass Y.js CRDT layer → "Out-of-band changes" → WebSocket disconnect

## Solution

Access ywebsocket_server via the extension_manager:
```python
serverapp.extension_manager.extension_points['jupyter_server_ydoc'].app.ywebsocket_server
```

Also fixed DocumentRoom API - access document via `room._document` instead of
calling non-existent `get_jupyter_ydoc()` method.

## Impact

✅ MCP now uses true RTC mode when jupyter-collaboration is available
✅ No more WebSocket disconnections after MCP cell modifications
✅ UI stays responsive - no browser refresh required
✅ Enables true simultaneous editing between MCP clients and human users
✅ Works with Claude Code, VS Code, Cursor, and other MCP clients

## Files Changed

- execute_cell_tool.py
- overwrite_cell_source_tool.py
- insert_cell_tool.py
- insert_execute_code_cell_tool.py
- delete_cell_tool.py

## Testing

Verified with:
- JupyterLab 4.4.1 + jupyter-collaboration 4.0.2 + datalayer-pycrdt 0.12.17
- jupyter-mcp-server 0.17.0 as Jupyter Server Extension
- Claude Code as MCP client (npx mcp-remote transport)
- Confirmed MCP cell modifications no longer break UI WebSocket
- Confirmed execution from both MCP and UI works simultaneously without refresh

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

Co-Authored-By: Claude <[email protected]>
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@echarles echarles left a comment

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LGTM Thx @delphos-mike - Looks like the structural changes to the ipynb need to be propagated via RTC if the extension is installed - that sounds logic to me.

@echarles echarles merged commit 22dafb7 into datalayer:main Oct 21, 2025
15 of 16 checks passed
delphos-mike added a commit to delphos-mike/jupyter-mcp-server that referenced this pull request Oct 21, 2025
This PR completes the RTC (Real-Time Collaboration) mode fix started in datalayer#135
by extending it to the 3 reading tools that were missed.

## Problem

PR datalayer#135 fixed 5 editing tools to use RTC mode via extension_points, but
3 reading tools still used file operations, causing them to return stale
data when notebooks were open in JupyterLab.

**Affected tools:**
- read_cell_tool.py - read stale file data instead of live YDoc
- read_cells_tool.py - read stale file data instead of live YDoc
- list_cells_tool.py - read stale file data instead of live YDoc

## Root Cause (Same as datalayer#135)

jupyter-mcp-server couldn't find yroom_manager because it was never
added to web_app.settings by jupyter-collaboration. The reading tools
fell back to file mode, missing unsaved edits.

## Solution

Applied the same fix from datalayer#135 to all 3 reading tools:
1. Access ywebsocket_server via extension_manager.extension_points
2. Get document via room._document (not get_jupyter_ydoc())
3. Check YDoc first (RTC mode), fall back to file if notebook not open

Now all 8 tools (5 editing + 3 reading) consistently use RTC mode.

## Testing

- validate_fixes.py: Static validation (all 8 tools have RTC pattern)
- test_rtc_mode.py: Integration tests for RTC functionality
- TESTING_RTC_FIX.md: Complete testing guide

## Credits

Found by @delphos-mike using Claude Code during notebook analysis work.
The reading tools were returning stale data, making it impossible to see
live edits made through MCP tools.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

Co-Authored-By: Claude <[email protected]>
delphos-mike added a commit to delphos-mike/jupyter-mcp-server that referenced this pull request Oct 21, 2025
This PR completes the RTC (Real-Time Collaboration) mode fix started in datalayer#135
by extending it to the 3 reading tools that were missed.

PR datalayer#135 fixed 5 editing tools to use RTC mode via extension_points, but
3 reading tools still used file operations, causing them to return stale
data when notebooks were open in JupyterLab.

**Affected tools:**
- read_cell_tool.py - read stale file data instead of live YDoc
- read_cells_tool.py - read stale file data instead of live YDoc
- list_cells_tool.py - read stale file data instead of live YDoc

jupyter-mcp-server couldn't find yroom_manager because it was never
added to web_app.settings by jupyter-collaboration. The reading tools
fell back to file mode, missing unsaved edits.

Applied the same fix from datalayer#135 to all 3 reading tools:
1. Access ywebsocket_server via extension_manager.extension_points
2. Get document via room._document (not get_jupyter_ydoc())
3. Check YDoc first (RTC mode), fall back to file if notebook not open

Now all 8 tools (5 editing + 3 reading) consistently use RTC mode.

- validate_fixes.py: Static validation (all 8 tools have RTC pattern)
- test_rtc_mode.py: Integration tests for RTC functionality
- TESTING_RTC_FIX.md: Complete testing guide

Found by @delphos-mike using Claude Code during notebook analysis work.
The reading tools were returning stale data, making it impossible to see
live edits made through MCP tools.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

Co-Authored-By: Claude <[email protected]>
delphos-mike added a commit to delphos-mike/jupyter-mcp-server that referenced this pull request Oct 22, 2025
This PR completes the RTC (Real-Time Collaboration) mode fix started in datalayer#135
by extending it to the 3 reading tools that were missed.

PR datalayer#135 fixed 5 editing tools to use RTC mode via extension_points, but
3 reading tools still used file operations, causing them to return stale
data when notebooks were open in JupyterLab.

**Affected tools:**
- read_cell_tool.py - read stale file data instead of live YDoc
- read_cells_tool.py - read stale file data instead of live YDoc
- list_cells_tool.py - read stale file data instead of live YDoc

jupyter-mcp-server couldn't find yroom_manager because it was never
added to web_app.settings by jupyter-collaboration. The reading tools
fell back to file mode, missing unsaved edits.

Applied the same fix from datalayer#135 to all 3 reading tools:
1. Access ywebsocket_server via extension_manager.extension_points
2. Get document via room._document (not get_jupyter_ydoc())
3. Check YDoc first (RTC mode), fall back to file if notebook not open

Now all 8 tools (5 editing + 3 reading) consistently use RTC mode.

- validate_fixes.py: Static validation (all 8 tools have RTC pattern)
- test_rtc_mode.py: Integration tests for RTC functionality
- TESTING_RTC_FIX.md: Complete testing guide

Found by @delphos-mike using Claude Code during notebook analysis work.
The reading tools were returning stale data, making it impossible to see
live edits made through MCP tools.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

Co-Authored-By: Claude <[email protected]>
delphos-mike added a commit to delphos-mike/jupyter-mcp-server that referenced this pull request Oct 22, 2025
This completes the RTC fix by adding the same pattern from PR datalayer#135 to all 3 reading tools.

Changes to each tool:
1. Added _get_jupyter_ydoc() method (~33 lines)
   - Access ywebsocket_server via extension_manager.extension_points
   - Get document from room._document (not get_jupyter_ydoc())
   - Returns None if notebook not open

2. Updated _read_*_local() methods to use RTC
   - Added serverapp parameter
   - Get file_id from file_id_manager
   - Try YDoc first (RTC mode - live data)
   - Fall back to file mode if notebook not open

Now all 8 tools (5 editing + 3 reading) consistently use RTC mode.

This was the missing implementation from the original Oct 21 work that
was accidentally not staged during commit.

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

Co-Authored-By: Claude <[email protected]>
echarles pushed a commit that referenced this pull request Oct 23, 2025
#138)

* Fix: Add RTC mode to reading tools (read_cell, read_cells, list_cells)

This PR completes the RTC (Real-Time Collaboration) mode fix started in #135
by extending it to the 3 reading tools that were missed.

PR #135 fixed 5 editing tools to use RTC mode via extension_points, but
3 reading tools still used file operations, causing them to return stale
data when notebooks were open in JupyterLab.

**Affected tools:**
- read_cell_tool.py - read stale file data instead of live YDoc
- read_cells_tool.py - read stale file data instead of live YDoc
- list_cells_tool.py - read stale file data instead of live YDoc

jupyter-mcp-server couldn't find yroom_manager because it was never
added to web_app.settings by jupyter-collaboration. The reading tools
fell back to file mode, missing unsaved edits.

Applied the same fix from #135 to all 3 reading tools:
1. Access ywebsocket_server via extension_manager.extension_points
2. Get document via room._document (not get_jupyter_ydoc())
3. Check YDoc first (RTC mode), fall back to file if notebook not open

Now all 8 tools (5 editing + 3 reading) consistently use RTC mode.

- validate_fixes.py: Static validation (all 8 tools have RTC pattern)
- test_rtc_mode.py: Integration tests for RTC functionality
- TESTING_RTC_FIX.md: Complete testing guide

Found by @delphos-mike using Claude Code during notebook analysis work.
The reading tools were returning stale data, making it impossible to see
live edits made through MCP tools.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

Co-Authored-By: Claude <[email protected]>

* Fix test assertions: change 'using notebook' to 'Successfully activate notebook'

Addresses feedback from @echarles and @ChengJiale150 on PR #138.

The three failing tests were checking for incorrect string in output:
- Expected: 'using notebook'
- Actual: 'Successfully activate notebook'

Fixed assertions in:
- test_rtc_mode_for_cell_operations (line 48)
- test_reading_tools_see_unsaved_changes (line 130)
- test_jupyter_collaboration_extension_loaded (line 207)

This matches the assertion pattern used in tests/test_tools.py.

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

Co-Authored-By: Claude <[email protected]>

* Fix KeyError: read_cell/read_cells/list_cells return data directly

The reading tools return their data directly, not wrapped in a {'result': ...} dict.

Fixed in both test functions:
- test_rtc_mode_for_cell_operations (lines 78-86)
- test_reading_tools_see_unsaved_changes (lines 148-165)

Changed:
- read_cell: access data directly, not via ['result']
- read_cells: returns array directly, not wrapped
- list_cells: returns string directly, not wrapped

This matches the pattern used in tests/test_tools.py.

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

Co-Authored-By: Claude <[email protected]>

* Fix test assertions: handle source as list and cell count

Three issues fixed:
1. source is a list, not string - need to join()
2. New notebooks have 2 cells (default markdown), not 1
3. Delete message includes cell type: 'Cell 0 (code) deleted successfully.'

Changes:
- Line 79-80: Join source list before checking content
- Line 150: Join source list for cell_data
- Line 160-162: Check len >= 1 and join source for cell check
- Line 93: Check 'deleted successfully' instead of exact message

All 3 tests now pass locally.

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

Co-Authored-By: Claude <[email protected]>

* Implement RTC mode for reading tools (read_cell, read_cells, list_cells)

This completes the RTC fix by adding the same pattern from PR #135 to all 3 reading tools.

Changes to each tool:
1. Added _get_jupyter_ydoc() method (~33 lines)
   - Access ywebsocket_server via extension_manager.extension_points
   - Get document from room._document (not get_jupyter_ydoc())
   - Returns None if notebook not open

2. Updated _read_*_local() methods to use RTC
   - Added serverapp parameter
   - Get file_id from file_id_manager
   - Try YDoc first (RTC mode - live data)
   - Fall back to file mode if notebook not open

Now all 8 tools (5 editing + 3 reading) consistently use RTC mode.

This was the missing implementation from the original Oct 21 work that
was accidentally not staged during commit.

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

Co-Authored-By: Claude <[email protected]>

* Add test cleanup: call unuse_notebook at end of each test

Fixes test order dependency where test_rtc_mode.py tests leave notebooks
in the server's memory, causing subsequent test_tools.py tests to fail.

Added unuse_notebook() calls at the end of:
- test_rtc_mode_for_cell_operations
- test_reading_tools_see_unsaved_changes
- test_jupyter_collaboration_extension_loaded

This properly disconnects from notebooks and prevents test pollution.

All 31 tests now pass cleanly.

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

Co-Authored-By: Claude <[email protected]>

* Automatic application of license header

* Fix test: handle read_cells returning dict in some modes

In jupyter_extension mode, the test wrapper sometimes returns a single
dict instead of a list due to response parsing logic.

Added defensive check: if read_cells returns a dict, wrap it in a list.

This fixes KeyError: 0 in CI while maintaining local test compatibility.

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

Co-Authored-By: Claude <[email protected]>

* Address @echarles feedback: remove AI-generated helper file

Resolves review comment from @echarles on validate_fixes.py:1

This file was added by the AI during development but is not needed
for the PR functionality. Removing to keep the PR focused.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

Co-Authored-By: Claude <[email protected]>

---------

Co-authored-by: Claude <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: github-actions[bot] <github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
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2 participants