Add time average temperature and time average heat flux to simulation…

… output (#1395)

Description
Time averaged temperature can now be attached to the vtus using a new parameter in the post-processing subsection.

A new object AverageScalarInTime has been created. It can be used to calculate the time average temperature from a certain point in time. This object is greatly inspired by the AverageVelocity object in postprocessing_velocity.h.

The average heat transfer is then computed using the computed average temperature and the HeatFluxPostProcessor object.

Testing
Two new tests have been added.

heat_transfer_average_temperature -> Launch an application test to verify no problem using the object. Segfaults, parameter name, etc.
average_scalar_01.release -> to verify the computed average actually corresponds to the average of a scalar.
Documentation
Post processing subsection has been modified ta take into account the new parameter. The two new parameters are
calculate average temperature and average heat flux = true
initial time for average temperature and average heat flux = 0.0

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@ The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](http://keepachangelog.com/).
 
 ### Added
 
-- MINOR A new post-processing code is now available for the rotating drum example. This code output the average velocity profile of particles perpendicular to the free surface. 
+- MINOR A new post-processing code is now available for the rotating drum example. This code output the average velocity profile of particles perpendicular to the free surface. [#1394](https://github.com/chaos-polymtl/lethe/pull/1394)
+
+- MINOR Time averaged temperature can now be attached to the vtus using a new parameter in the post-processing subsection. A new object AverageScalar has been created. It can be used to calculate the time average temperature from a certain point in time. [#1395](https://github.com/chaos-polymtl/lethe/pull/1395)
 
 ## [Master] - 2024-12-03
 

applications_tests/lethe-fluid-matrix-free/generators/turbulent_taylor_couette_generator.prm

@@ -73,11 +73,11 @@ end
 #---------------------------------------------------
 
 subsection post-processing
-  set verbosity                    = verbose
-  set calculate kinetic energy     = true
-  set calculate enstrophy          = true
-  set calculate average velocities = false
-  set initial time                 = 0.
+  set verbosity                         = verbose
+  set calculate kinetic energy          = true
+  set calculate enstrophy               = true
+  set calculate average velocities      = false
+  set initial time for average velocity = 0.
 end
 
 #---------------------------------------------------

applications_tests/lethe-fluid-matrix-free/turbulent_taylor_couette_restart.prm

@@ -87,8 +87,8 @@ subsection post-processing
   # Enstrophy calculation
   set calculate enstrophy = true
 
-  set calculate average velocities = false
-  set initial time                 = 0.
+  set calculate average velocities      = false
+  set initial time for average velocity = 0.
 end
 
 #---------------------------------------------------

applications_tests/lethe-fluid/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -73,6 +73,14 @@ file(COPY heat_transfer_vof_lpbf_benchmark_box_ref_restart_files/restart.triangu
 file(COPY heat_transfer_vof_lpbf_benchmark_box_ref_restart_files/mass_conservation_information.checkpoint DESTINATION "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/heat_transfer_vof_lpbf_benchmark_box_ref.${_build_type}/mpirun=1/")
 file(COPY heat_transfer_vof_lpbf_benchmark_box_ref_restart_files/temperature_statistics.checkpoint DESTINATION "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/heat_transfer_vof_lpbf_benchmark_box_ref.${_build_type}/mpirun=1/")
 
+file(COPY heat_transfer_average_temperature_restart_files/L2Error_FD.checkpoint DESTINATION "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/heat_transfer_average_temperature.${_build_type}/mpirun=1/")
+file(COPY heat_transfer_average_temperature_restart_files/L2Error_HT.checkpoint DESTINATION "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/heat_transfer_average_temperature.${_build_type}/mpirun=1/")
+file(COPY heat_transfer_average_temperature_restart_files/restart.averagescalar DESTINATION "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/heat_transfer_average_temperature.${_build_type}/mpirun=1/")
+file(COPY heat_transfer_average_temperature_restart_files/restart.pvdhandler DESTINATION "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/heat_transfer_average_temperature.${_build_type}/mpirun=1/")
+file(COPY heat_transfer_average_temperature_restart_files/restart.simulationcontrol DESTINATION "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/heat_transfer_average_temperature.${_build_type}/mpirun=1/")
+file(COPY heat_transfer_average_temperature_restart_files/restart.triangulation DESTINATION "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/heat_transfer_average_temperature.${_build_type}/mpirun=1/")
+file(COPY heat_transfer_average_temperature_restart_files/restart.triangulation_fixed.data DESTINATION "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/heat_transfer_average_temperature.${_build_type}/mpirun=1/")
+file(COPY heat_transfer_average_temperature_restart_files/restart.triangulation.info DESTINATION "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/heat_transfer_average_temperature.${_build_type}/mpirun=1/")
 
 deal_ii_pickup_tests()
 

applications_tests/lethe-fluid/cavity_ht_average_velocity_as_initial_condition.prm

@@ -71,11 +71,11 @@ end
 #---------------------------------------------------
 
 subsection post-processing
-  set verbosity                        = verbose
-  set calculate temperature statistics = true
-  set calculate average velocities     = true
-  set initial time                     = 0.1
-  set calculate mass conservation      = false
+  set verbosity                         = verbose
+  set calculate temperature statistics  = true
+  set calculate average velocities      = true
+  set initial time for average velocity = 0.1
+  set calculate mass conservation       = false
 end
 
 #---------------------------------------------------

applications_tests/lethe-fluid/generators/poiseuille_restart_generator.prm

@@ -64,8 +64,8 @@ end
 #---------------------------------------------------
 
 subsection post-processing
-  set calculate average velocities = true
-  set initial time                 = 1.5
+  set calculate average velocities      = true
+  set initial time for average velocity = 1.5
 end
 
 #---------------------------------------------------

applications_tests/lethe-fluid/heat_transfer_average_temperature.mpirun=1.output

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+Running on 1 MPI rank(s)...
+   Number of active cells:       1
+   Number of degrees of freedom: 12
+   Volume of triangulation:      0.001
+   Number of thermal degrees of freedom: 4
+************************
+---> Simulation Restart 
+************************
+   Number of active cells:       1408
+   Number of degrees of freedom: 4623
+   Volume of triangulation:      0.001
+   Number of thermal degrees of freedom: 1541
+Reading heat transfer checkpoint
+
+*******************************************************************************
+Transient iteration: 3        Time: 0.03     Time step: 0.01     CFL: 0       
+*******************************************************************************
+L2 error velocity: 0
+L2 error temperature : 1.00274e-06
+
+*******************************************************************************
+Transient iteration: 4        Time: 0.04     Time step: 0.01     CFL: 0       
+*******************************************************************************
+   Number of active cells:       1792
+   Number of degrees of freedom: 5979
+   Volume of triangulation:      0.001
+   Number of thermal degrees of freedom: 1993
+L2 error velocity: 0
+L2 error temperature : 2.32585e-08
+
+*******************************************************************************
+Transient iteration: 5        Time: 0.05     Time step: 0.01     CFL: 0       
+*******************************************************************************
+L2 error velocity: 0
+L2 error temperature : 5.39828e-10
+ time  error_velocity 
+0.0100   0.000000e+00 
+0.0200   0.000000e+00 
+0.0300   0.000000e+00 
+0.0400   0.000000e+00 
+0.0500   0.000000e+00 
+cells error_temperature 
+ 1024      1.964712e-03 
+ 1408      4.344287e-05 
+ 1408      1.002740e-06 
+ 1792      2.325845e-08 
+ 1792      5.398281e-10

applications_tests/lethe-fluid/heat_transfer_average_temperature.prm

@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright (c) 2022-2023 The Lethe Authors
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception OR LGPL-2.1-or-later
+
+# Verify if the time average temperature calculation leads to a segfault. It contains some . The validity of the temperature average is tested in tests/solvers. This is the heat_transfer_conduction in solid test. The subsections post-processing, mesh refinement have and restart have been added.
+
+# Listing of Parameters
+#----------------------
+
+set dimension = 2
+
+#---------------------------------------------------
+# Simulation Control
+#---------------------------------------------------
+
+subsection simulation control
+  set method            = bdf1
+  set time end          = 0.05
+  set time step         = 0.01
+  set number mesh adapt = 0
+  set output name       = conduction
+  set output frequency  = 0
+end
+
+#---------------------------------------------------
+# Multiphysics
+#---------------------------------------------------
+
+subsection multiphysics
+  set heat transfer = true
+end
+
+#---------------------------------------------------
+# Initial condition
+#---------------------------------------------------
+
+subsection initial conditions
+  set type = nodal
+  subsection uvwp
+    set Function expression = 0; 0; 0
+  end
+  subsection temperature
+    set Function expression = 30
+  end
+end
+
+#---------------------------------------------------
+# Physical Properties
+#---------------------------------------------------
+
+subsection physical properties
+  set number of fluids = 1
+  subsection fluid 0
+    set thermal conductivity model = constant
+    set thermal conductivity       = 60
+    set specific heat model        = constant
+    set specific heat              = 20
+    set density                    = 2000
+    set kinematic viscosity        = 0.01
+  end
+end
+
+#---------------------------------------------------
+# Mesh
+#---------------------------------------------------
+
+subsection mesh
+  set type               = dealii
+  set grid type          = subdivided_hyper_rectangle
+  set grid arguments     = 1, 1: 0, 0 : 0.01, 0.1 : true
+  set initial refinement = 5
+end
+
+#---------------------------------------------------
+# Mesh adaptation
+#---------------------------------------------------
+
+subsection mesh adaptation
+  set type      = kelly
+  set variable  = temperature
+  set frequency = 2
+end
+
+#---------------------------------------------------
+# Boundary Conditions
+#---------------------------------------------------
+
+subsection boundary conditions
+  set number = 4
+  subsection bc 0
+    set id   = 0
+    set type = noslip
+  end
+  subsection bc 1
+    set id   = 1
+    set type = noslip
+  end
+  subsection bc 2
+    set id   = 2
+    set type = noslip
+  end
+  subsection bc 3
+    set id   = 3
+    set type = noslip
+  end
+end
+
+subsection boundary conditions heat transfer
+  set number = 4
+  subsection bc 0
+    set id   = 0
+    set type = temperature
+    subsection value
+      set Function expression = 50
+    end
+  end
+  subsection bc 1
+    set id   = 1
+    set type = temperature
+    subsection value
+      set Function expression = 10
+    end
+  end
+  subsection bc 2
+    set id   = 2
+    set type = noflux
+  end
+  subsection bc 3
+    set id   = 3
+    set type = noflux
+  end
+end
+
+#---------------------------------------------------
+# Analytical Solution
+#---------------------------------------------------
+
+subsection analytical solution
+  set enable    = true
+  set verbosity = verbose
+  subsection uvwp
+    set Function expression = 0 ; 0 ; 0
+  end
+  subsection temperature
+    set Function expression = 50 - (40/0.01) * x
+  end
+  set filename = L2Error #heat_transfer_average_temperature_restart_files/L2Error
+end
+
+#---------------------------------------------------
+# Subsection post-processing
+#---------------------------------------------------
+
+subsection post-processing
+  set calculate average temperature and heat flux = true
+end
+
+#---------------------------------------------------
+# Subsection restart
+#---------------------------------------------------
+
+subsection restart
+  set checkpoint = false
+  set frequency  = 1
+  set filename = restart #heat_transfer_average_temperature_restart_files/restart
+  set restart = true
+end
+
+#---------------------------------------------------
+# FEM
+#---------------------------------------------------
+
+subsection FEM
+  set velocity order = 1
+  set pressure order = 1
+end
+
+#---------------------------------------------------
+# Non-Linear Solver Control
+#---------------------------------------------------
+
+subsection non-linear solver
+  subsection heat transfer
+    set tolerance      = 1e-8
+    set max iterations = 100
+    set verbosity      = quiet
+  end
+  subsection fluid dynamics
+    set tolerance      = 1e-8
+    set max iterations = 100
+    set verbosity      = quiet
+  end
+end
+
+#---------------------------------------------------
+# Linear Solver Control
+#---------------------------------------------------
+
+subsection linear solver
+  subsection fluid dynamics
+    set verbosity                             = quiet
+    set method                                = gmres
+    set relative residual                     = 1e-3
+    set minimum residual                      = 1e-8
+    set preconditioner                        = ilu
+    set ilu preconditioner fill               = 0
+    set ilu preconditioner absolute tolerance = 1e-12
+    set ilu preconditioner relative tolerance = 1.00
+    set max krylov vectors                    = 200
+  end
+  subsection heat transfer
+    set verbosity                             = quiet
+    set method                                = gmres
+    set relative residual                     = 1e-3
+    set minimum residual                      = 1e-8
+    set preconditioner                        = ilu
+    set ilu preconditioner fill               = 0
+    set ilu preconditioner absolute tolerance = 1e-12
+    set ilu preconditioner relative tolerance = 1.00
+    set max krylov vectors                    = 200
+  end
+end

applications_tests/lethe-fluid/heat_transfer_average_temperature_restart_files/L2Error_FD.checkpoint

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+0 0 0 0 2 0 4 time 14 error_velocity 0 0 2 0 0 0 14 error_velocity 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 100 0.00000000000000000e+00 100 0.00000000000000000e+00 14 error_velocity 1 c 4 0 0 6 4 time 2 0 100 1.00000000000000002e-02 100 2.00000000000000004e-02 4 time 1 c 4 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  0  0

applications_tests/lethe-fluid/heat_transfer_average_temperature_restart_files/L2Error_HT.checkpoint

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+0 0 0 0 2 0 5 cells 17 error_temperature 0 0 2 0 0 0 5 cells 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 117 1024 117 1408 5 cells 1 c 4 0 0 4 17 error_temperature 2 0 100 1.96471158322590730e-03 100 4.34428660130723653e-05 17 error_temperature 1 c 4 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  0  0

applications_tests/lethe-fluid/heat_transfer_average_temperature_restart_files/restart.averagescalar

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Average scalar
+dt_0 0.01
+Average_calculation_boolean 1
+Real_initial_time 0.01

applications_tests/lethe-fluid/heat_transfer_average_temperature_restart_files/restart.pvdhandler

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+3
+Time File
+0 conduction.00000.pvtu
+0.01 conduction.00001.pvtu
+0.02 conduction.00002.pvtu

applications_tests/lethe-fluid/heat_transfer_average_temperature_restart_files/restart.simulationcontrol

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+Simulation control
+dt_0 0.01
+dt_1 0.01
+dt_2 0.01
+dt_3 0.01
+CFL  0
+Time 0.02
+Iter 2

applications_tests/lethe-fluid/heat_transfer_average_temperature_restart_files/restart.triangulation.info

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+version nproc n_attached_fixed_size_objs n_attached_variable_size_objs n_coarse_cells
+5 1 2 0 1

applications_tests/lethe-fluid/poiseuille_restart.prm

@@ -65,8 +65,8 @@ end
 #---------------------------------------------------
 
 subsection post-processing
-  set calculate average velocities = true
-  set initial time                 = 1.5
+  set calculate average velocities      = true
+  set initial time for average velocity = 1.5
 end
 
 #---------------------------------------------------