Improve logs to troubleshoot issue in 1.4.0a2 with astro-cli

[tatiana]

Improve the logs so we can understand which Dataset URIs Cosmos was setting, while trying to execute a task in Airflow 2.9:

[2024-05-07, 14:20:09 UTC] {taskinstance.py:441} ▼ Post task execution logs [2024-05-07, 14:20:09 UTC] {taskinstance.py:2905} ERROR - Task failed with exception Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.11/site-packages/airflow/models/taskinstance.py", line 465, in _execute_task
    result = _execute_callable(context=context, **execute_callable_kwargs)
             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.11/site-packages/airflow/models/taskinstance.py", line 432, in _execute_callable
    return execute_callable(context=context, **execute_callable_kwargs)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.11/site-packages/airflow/models/baseoperator.py", line 400, in wrapper
    return func(self, *args, **kwargs)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.11/site-packages/cosmos/operators/base.py", line 266, in execute
    self.build_and_run_cmd(context=context, cmd_flags=self.add_cmd_flags())
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.11/site-packages/cosmos/operators/local.py", line 470, in build_and_run_cmd
    result = self.run_command(cmd=dbt_cmd, env=env, context=context)
             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.11/site-packages/cosmos/operators/local.py", line 343, in run_command
    outlets = self.get_datasets("outputs")
              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.11/site-packages/cosmos/operators/local.py", line 410, in get_datasets
    return [Dataset(uri) for uri in uris]
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.11/site-packages/cosmos/operators/local.py", line 410, in <listcomp>
    return [Dataset(uri) for uri in uris]
            ^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "<attrs generated init airflow.datasets.Dataset>", line 3, in __init__
    _setattr('uri', __attr_converter_uri(uri))
                    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.11/site-packages/airflow/datasets/__init__.py", line 81, in _sanitize_uri
    parsed = normalizer(parsed)
             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.11/site-packages/airflow/providers/postgres/datasets/postgres.py", line 34, in sanitize_uri
    raise ValueError("URI format postgres:// must contain database, schema, and table names")

This improvement allowed us to confirm how the Dataset URIs Cosmos was attempting to generate, allowing us to log the following issue: #945

(cherry picked from commit c7a4599)

[netlify]

✅ Deploy Preview for sunny-pastelito-5ecb04 canceled.

Name	Link
🔨 Latest commit	c862931
🔍 Latest deploy log	https://app.netlify.com/sites/sunny-pastelito-5ecb04/deploys/663b7502fb8e3b0008f4944e

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 95.69%. Comparing base (ea96f2b) to head (c862931).

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main     #947   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   95.69%   95.69%           
=======================================
  Files          59       59           
  Lines        2857     2858    +1     
=======================================
+ Hits         2734     2735    +1     
  Misses        123      123           

☔ View full report in Codecov by Sentry.
📢 Have feedback on the report? Share it here.