[SPARK-40400][SQL] Pass error message parameters to exceptions as maps

[MaxGekk]

What changes were proposed in this pull request?

In the PR, I propose to change the type of messageParameters passed to Spark exception (via constructors) from array of strings to map of pair of strings. The map contains parameters names from error-classes.json as keys, and parameters values as map's values. While formatting error messages using the templates from error-classes.json, the formatter can fail w/ an internal error if it cannot find a parameter in the map passed to the current exception. The map of message parameters can contain more elements then used by the template.

Before:

new AnalysisException(
  errorClass = "UNSUPPORTED_GENERATOR",
  errorSubClass = "MULTI_GENERATOR",
  messageParameters = Array(clause, generators.size.toString, generators.map(toSQLExpr).mkString(", ")))

After:

new AnalysisException(
  errorClass = "UNSUPPORTED_GENERATOR",
  errorSubClass = "MULTI_GENERATOR",
  messageParameters = Map(
    "clause" -> clause,
    "num" -> generators.size.toString,
    "generators" -> generators.map(toSQLExpr).mkString(", ")))

Why are the changes needed?

At the moment, the order of error message parameters cannot be changed in error-classes.json independently from the source code where the parameters are passed as arrays. After the changes, the tech editors/users can change the error messages including the order of params or skip some params w/ modifying Spark's code base (including tests).

Does this PR introduce any user-facing change?

Yes.

How was this patch tested?

By running the modified test suites:

$ build/sbt "test:testOnly *ErrorParserSuite"
$ build/sbt "test:testOnly *AnalysisErrorSuite"
$ build/sbt "test:testOnly *AnalysisSuite
$ build/sbt "test:testOnly *ResolveSubquerySuite"
$ build/sbt "test:testOnly *V2OverwriteByExpressionANSIAnalysisSuite"
$ build/sbt "test:testOnly *TimeWindowSuite"
$ build/sbt "test:testOnly *DataSourceV2SQLSuiteV1Filter"
$ build/sbt "test:testOnly *DataFrameSuite"
$ build/sbt "test:testOnly *JsonV1Suite"

[MaxGekk]

@srielau @anchovYu Could you take a look at the PR, please.

[MaxGekk]

@cloud-fan @gengliangwang Could you review this PR, please.

[gengliangwang]

@MaxGekk @srielau This line shows up many times in this PR.
Do we consider further refactoring the parameters in SparkThrowable? E.g. combine String[] getMessageParameters and String[] getParameterNames into Map<String, String> getMessageParameters

[cloud-fan]

+1. These 2 methods were added by #36693 and not released yet. We can still change it.

[MaxGekk]

I agree. Let's do that in a separate PR.

[MaxGekk]

Merging to master. Thank you, @srielau @gengliangwang @cloud-fan for review.

[cloud-fan]

@MaxGekk is it a bug? The error context should be c3 in this case, instead of the INSERT statement.

[MaxGekk]

Yes, it should be c3. The PR #37861 changes this in OSS.