v2.1: bump solana docker image's based image to bookworm (backport of #3977)

[mergify]

Problem

I bumped our build image to ubuntu 22.04 (#3774) but forgot to upgrade sdk's base image to the corresponding one

context: https://discord.com/channels/428295358100013066/670512312339398668/1314633956058202154

$> docker run --rm -ti anzaxyz/agave:v2.1.4 agave-validator -h

solana-faucet: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.32' not found (required by solana-faucet)
solana-faucet: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.34' not found (required by solana-faucet)
solana-faucet: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.33' not found (required by solana-faucet)
...

Summary of Changes

bump solana docker image's based image to bookworm

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Note:

we build bins in the build image (https://github.com/anza-xyz/agave/blob/master/ci/docker/Dockerfile) then copy to the sdk image (https://github.com/anza-xyz/agave/blob/master/sdk/docker-solana/Dockerfile)

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This is an automatic backport of pull request #3977 done by [Mergify](https://mergify.com).