bump solana docker image's based image to bookworm

[yihau]

Problem

I bumped our build image to ubuntu 22.04 (#3774) but forgot to upgrade sdk's base image to the corresponding one

context: https://discord.com/channels/428295358100013066/670512312339398668/1314633956058202154

$> docker run --rm -ti anzaxyz/agave:v2.1.4 agave-validator -h

solana-faucet: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.32' not found (required by solana-faucet)
solana-faucet: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.34' not found (required by solana-faucet)
solana-faucet: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.33' not found (required by solana-faucet)
...

Summary of Changes

bump solana docker image's based image to bookworm

---

Note:

we build bins in the build image (https://github.com/anza-xyz/agave/blob/master/ci/docker/Dockerfile) then copy to the sdk image (https://github.com/anza-xyz/agave/blob/master/sdk/docker-solana/Dockerfile)

[mergify]

Backports to the beta branch are to be avoided unless absolutely necessary for fixing bugs, security issues, and perf regressions. Changes intended for backport should be structured such that a minimum effective diff can be committed separately from any refactoring, plumbing, cleanup, etc that are not strictly necessary to achieve the goal. Any of the latter should go only into master and ride the normal stabilization schedule. Exceptions include CI/metrics changes, CLI improvements and documentation updates on a case by case basis.

[yihau]

we don't have any tests covering this change. merge it on red.

[t-nelson]

aside: why are the docker images debian instead of ubuntu? i know they're usually close enough, but seems like an unnecessary divergence