chore: update PHP and SimpleSAMLphp versions in Dockerfile

[ggazzo]

backported from #36324

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[dionisio-bot]

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[github-actions]

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 65.46%. Comparing base (8c2bdb8) to head (8a3e152).
Report is 1 commits behind head on develop.

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff             @@
##           develop   #36412      +/-   ##
===========================================
+ Coverage    65.00%   65.46%   +0.46%     
===========================================
  Files         3166     3169       +3     
  Lines       104796   104854      +58     
  Branches     19968    19980      +12     
===========================================
+ Hits         68123    68644     +521     
+ Misses       34005    33530     -475     
- Partials      2668     2680      +12     

Flag	Coverage Δ
e2e	58.19% <ø> (+1.54%)	⬆️
unit	70.60% <ø> (+0.01%)	⬆️

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[ggazzo]

/patch
/backport 7.7.5

[dionisio-bot]

Pull request #36435 added to Project: "Patch 7.8.1"

[ggazzo]

/backport 7.7.5

[dionisio-bot]

Pull request #36436 added to Project: "Patch 7.7.5"