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sedutil for AMD Ryzen with an updated PBA (Pre-Boot Authorization environment)

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sedutil for AMD Ryzen

The sedutil project provides a commandline tool (sedutil-cli) for setting up and managing self encrypting drives (SEDs) that comply with the TCG Opal 2.0 standard. This project also provides a pre-boot authorization (PBA) image (linuxpba) which can be loaded onto an encrypted disk's shadow MBR. The PBA allows the user to enter their password to unlock the SED during the boot process.

To configure a drive, build the images from source or download a prebuilt image from here and follow the instructions on encrypting.

S3 sleep is not supported.

This version is based on the sedutil fork by @ChubbyAnt which is itself based on the original @DTA implementation and forks by @ladar, @ckamm, and @CyrilVanErsche.

Notable Differences

IMPORTANT: This version of sedutil is not compatible with SHA-1 versions of sedutil.

This version has the following modifications:

  • SHA512 password hashing vs SHA1 in the original sedutil
  • Compatibile with AMD Ryzen systems
  • Cleaner linuxpba runtime
    • New "boot authorization" prompt
    • No excessive debug output
  • New build system
    • Uses a proper Buildroot external tree for improved maintainability
  • Only NVMe drive support
    • Well, AFAIK. I don't have any other types of drives to test with.
  • No BIOS support
  • No 32bit support
  • Minimally sized images
    • UEFI image (the PBA itself)
      • Original DTA size: 32 MiB (uncompressed)
      • My size: 3 MiB (uncompressed)
    • RESCUE image
      • Original DTA size: 75 MiB (uncompressed)
      • My size: 5.5 MiB (uncompressed)
  • Newer, stripped down kernel for a decreased attack surface
    • Linux 5.4.80
    • Original DTA bzImage size: 6.3 MiB
    • My bzImage size: 1.9 MiB
    • Cut features
  • uClibc instead of glibc
    • Shrunk the the initramfs to half the original size
    • Feature list
  • Stripped down BusyBox
    • Original BusyBox size: 714 KiB (as measured from output/target/bin/busybox)
    • My BusyBox size: 228 KiB
    • Feature list
  • Kernel patches
    • include/uapi/linux/vt.h
      • Set the maximum number of consoles to 1
  • BusyBox patches
    • loginutils/getty.c
      • Display /etc/issue when not prompting for login
      • -r flag to automatically log in as root
    • libbb/login.c
      • \C to clear the screen when parsing /etc/issue

Tested hardware

  • Thinkpad T14, Ryzen 7 PRO 4750U, Samsung 970 EVO Plus 1 TB NVMe M.2

If anyone uses this to set up Opal 2 on different hardware, please submit a pull request updating the list with whether or not it works.

Building from Source

Release builds are made on Gentoo amd64. The images should build on any Linux distribution as long as the dependencies are available. Other *nix-es may require some tweaking on the user's end to work.

Dependencies and Requirements

  • prepare.sh
    • Source downloads
      • curl, tar, gzip
      • Working Internet connection
    • sedutil tarball creation
      • autoconf, sed, make, tar, xz-utils
  • Buildroot
    • which, sed, make, binutils, build-essential (Debian family), gcc, g++, bash, patch, gzip, bzip2, perl, tar, cpio, unzip, rsync, file, bc, wget
  • flash_rescue.sh
    • root permissions to be able to write to a block device
  • Minimum 7 GiB of free space on disk
    • 12 GiB to safely accommodate the maximum ccache size of 5 GiB
  • Boot images
    • The libata.allow_tpm kernel option set to 1

Run images/check_deps.sh to test for missing dependencies. Doesn't test for bash, which, Debian's build-essential, Internet connection, or availability of root permissions. The GNU Coreutils, util-linux, bash, and which are implied dependencies and are not tested for.

Additionally, the Debian build-essential package is not tested for directly, but some of the build dependencies are included in it:

  • libc-dev
  • gcc
  • g++
  • make

If you're not customizing the images further yourself, the libata.allow_tpm requirement is handled by the SYSLINUX config file.

Build

$ denotes user commands

# denotes root commands

$ cd images
$ ./prepare.sh
$ ./build.sh
[Insert the USB where the rescue image will be written to]
# ./flash_rescue.sh

The prepare.sh script is designed to restart failed downloads as long as the script is running. Thanks to Buildroot's make source, if the script is killed and restarted later it will continue the downloads where it left off.

The build output is saved into scratch/buildroot/output/build_output.txt to make it easy to investigate if something goes wrong.

If the flash drive does not show up in the list when running flash_rescue.sh, cancel by hitting Ctrl-C or giving empty input, and try again. It can take a little bit for the device to be recognized by the kernel and be available for use.

Modifying the Included Configuration

To modify any of the configs, run the following after running the prepare.sh script:

$ cd scratch/buildroot
$ make [target]

The following make targets are of interest:

  • menuconfig
    • Buildroot configurator
  • linux-menuconfig
    • Linux kernel configurator
  • busybox-menuconfig
    • BusyBox configurator
  • uclibc-menuconfig
    • uClibc configurator

If any toolchain options are changed, a make clean is required to ensure that the changes propagate down to each package. When in doubt, make clean. Buildroot is configured to use ccache so most changes won't result in a complete rebuild.

To control the level of debug output for sedutil-cli and linuxpba, change the following Kconfig option using the Buildroot configurator:

External options  --->
      *** xxc3nsoredxx sedutil fork (in /local/path/to/external/tree) ***
  [*] sedutil (xxc3nsoredxx's fork)
        sedutil debug level (INFO)  --->

The default level is INFO.

NOTE: Any issues opened that were caused by a modified config may be closed as "won't fix" at my discretion.

Encrypting Your Drive

IMPORTANT: This process should leave the data on the drive intact, but ABSLUTELY NO GUARANTEES ARE MADE. Before continuing, ensure you have a working backup of any data you wish to keep.

This page is based on the information found on the DTA repo's wiki. Reading their guides can give a bit more information, but compatiblity with this version of the software is not guaranteed.

NOTE: Both the PBA and the rescue system use the us_english keyboard layout. This can cause issues when setting the password on your normal operating system if you use another keyboard layout. To make sure the PBA recognizes your password, and to protect your existing OS, you should set up your drive from the rescue system as described on this page.

Prepare a Bootable Rescue System

These instructions are for a UEFI system that is running Linux (either installed on the hardware or through a live boot). Secure boot must also be disabled. BIOS systems are unsupported.

  1. Download the rescue image
  2. Insert a USB drive
    • Almost any will do, the image is 5.5 MiB in size
  3. Decompress the image
    • unxz RESCUE-*.img.xz
  4. Flash the image onto the USB (requires root)
    • dd if=RESCUE-*.img of=/dev/sdX
    • Replace sdX with the correct block device corresponding to the USB drive

NOTE: If building from source, running the flash_rescue.sh script during the build process handles the above.

Reboot the machine from the USB drive. Once it has loaded it will drop directly into a root shell. Run sedutil-cli --scan to check for supported drives.

Example output:

#sedutil-cli --scan
Scanning for Opal compliant disks
/dev/nvme0  2  Samsung SSD 970 EVO Plus 1TB             2B2QEXM7
No more disks present ending scan

Verify that the second column contains a '2' which indicates that the drive has Opal 2 support. If it does not, abort now. The software cannot detect Opal 2 support on the drive, and continuing may erase all your data.

Test the PBA

Run linuxpba and enter debug as the password when prompted. It will try to unlock any drives with the password debug, but fail. Unless a drive's password is debug, in which case change it!

Example output:

#linuxpba 
Boot Authorization Key: *****
Scanning....
Drive /dev/nvme0 Samsung SSD 970 EVO Plus 1TB             is OPAL NOT LOCKED

Verify that your drive is listed and is reported as is OPAL. If it is not, abort now. The next sections enable Opal locking on the drive, and it is imperative that the drive is detected correctly. If any problems are encountered, follow the instructions in the Recovery information section (on the DTA wiki) to disable or remove Opal locking.

The next sections assume the target drive is on /dev/nvme0. Replace with the appropriate block device if needed.

Enable Locking and Install the PBA

Optional: Verify the checksum of the PBA image

Run sha512sum -c < /usr/sedutil/UEFI.sha512

Example output:

#sha512sum -c < /usr/sedutil/UEFI.sha512
UEFI-1.20.0.img.xz: OK

Run the following commands:

xz -d /usr/sedutil/UEFI-*.img.xz
sedutil-cli --initialsetup debug /dev/nvme0
sedutil-cli --enablelockingrange 0 debug /dev/nvme0
sedutil-cli --setlockingrange 0 lk debug /dev/nvme0
sedutil-cli --setmbrdone off debug /dev/nvme0
sedutil-cli --loadpbaimage debug /usr/sedutil/UEFI-*.img /dev/nvme0

Unlike on standard systems, unxz will not work in the rescue image — xz -d is required. The name of the PBA image can (and should) be tab-completed to ensure it is correct. The initial password of debug will be changed in a later step. The third sedutil-cli command's third argument is "ell-kay".

Example output:

#xz -d /usr/sedutil/UEFI-*.img.xz
#sedutil-cli --initialsetup debug /dev/nvme0
takeOwnership complete
Locking SP Activate Complete
LockingRange0 disabled
LockingRange0 set to RW
MBRDone set on
MBRDone set on
MBREnable set on
Initial setup of TPer complete on /dev/nvme0
#sedutil-cli --enablelockingrange 0 debug /dev/nvme0
LockingRange0 enabled ReadLocking,WriteLocking
#sedutil-cli --setlockingrange 0 lk debug /dev/nvme0
LockingRange0 set to LK
#sedutil-cli --setmbrdone off debug /dev/nvme0
MBRDone set off
#sedutil-cli --loadpbaimage debug /usr/sedutil/UEFI-*.img /dev/nvme0
Writing PBA to /dev/nvme0
3059712 of 3059712 100% blk=54346

Test the PBA (again)

Run linuxpba and enter debug as the password when prompted.

Example output:

#linuxpba 
Boot Authorization Key: *****
Scanning....
Drive /dev/nvme0 Samsung SSD 970 EVO Plus 1TB             is OPAL Unlocked

Verify that your drive is listed and is reported as Unlocked. If it is not, abort now and follow the instructions linked above to disable or remove Opal locking.

Set the Password

Run the following commands to set the SID and Admin1 passwords. They don't have to match, but it makes future administration easier.

sedutil-cli --setsidpassword debug <password> /dev/nvme0
sedutil-cli --setadmin1pwd debug <password> /dev/nvme0

Example output:

#sedutil-cli --setsidpassword debug <password> /dev/nvme0
#sedutil-cli --setadmin1pwd debug <password> /dev/nvme0
Admin1 password changed

Finalize

Run the following commands to finalize setting up the drive. It also serves as a way to check if your password works.

sedutil-cli --setmbrdone on <password> /dev/nvme0
poweroff

Example output:

#sedutil-cli --setmbrdone on <password> /dev/nvme0
MBRDone set on
#poweroff
[machine powers off]

The drive is now set to use Opal 2! This will completely power off the system so that the drive will lock. On the next boot, the drive will present the shadow MBR to the system and the PBA will boot. After entering your password, the machine will reboot. If the password was entered correctly, the drive will be unlocked, the actual contents of the drive will be visible, and the boot will continue as normal.

Updating the PBA Image

IMPORTANT: This assumes your disk is already using Opal 2 locking. If your disk is not using Opal 2, follow the instructions above to enable. This process should leave the data on the drive intact, but ABSLUTELY NO GUARANTEES ARE MADE. Before continuing, ensure you have a working backup of any data you wish to keep.

These next sections assume the target drive is on /dev/nvme0. Replace with the appropriate block device if needed.

Prepare a Bootable Rescue System

Follow the instructions above to create a rescue system on a USB drive. Once done, power off the machine completely to lock the drive. Then boot the machine from the USB drive. Once booted, run sedutil-cli --scan as a sanity check.

Example output:

#sedutil-cli --scan
Scanning for Opal compliant disks
/dev/nvme0  2  Samsung SSD 970 EVO Plus 1TB             2B2QEXM7
No more disks present ending scan

Unlock the Drive

To unlock the drive, run linuxpba and enter your current password when prompted.

Example output:

#linuxpba
Boot Authorization Key: *****
Scanning....
- 18:02:25.627 INFO: MBRDone set on
- 18:02:26.267 INFO: LockingRange0 set to RW
Drive /dev/nvme0 Samsung SSD 970 EVO Plus 1TB             is OPAL Unlocked

Flash the New PBA Image

Optional: Verify the checksum of the PBA image

Run sha512sum -c < /usr/sedutil/UEFI.sha512

Example output:

#sha512sum -c < /usr/sedutil/UEFI.sha512
UEFI-1.20.0.img.xz: OK

To flash the updated image, run the following commands to decompress the image, switch to the shadow MBR, and flash the image:

xz -d /usr/sedutil/UEFI-*.img.xz
sedutil-cli --setmbrdone off <password> /dev/nvme0
sedutil-cli --loadpbaimage <password> /usr/sedutil/UEFI-*.img /dev/nvme0

Unlike on standard systems, unxz will not work in the rescue image — xz -d is required. The name of the PBA image can (and should) be tab-completed to ensure it is correct.

Example output:

#xz -d /usr/sedutil/UEFI-*.img.xz
#sedutil-cli --setmbrdone off debug /dev/nvme0
MBRDone set off
#sedutil-cli --loadpbaimage debug /usr/sedutil/UEFI-*.img /dev/nvme0
Writing PBA to /dev/nvme0
3059712 of 3059712 100% blk=54346

Finalize

To finalize the drive, switch out of the shadow MBR and power off the machine by running the following commands:

sedutil-cli --setmbrdone on <password> /dev/nvme0
poweroff

Example output:

#sedutil-cli --setmbrdone on <password> /dev/nvme0
MBRDone set on
#poweroff
[machine powers off]

This will completely power off the system so that the drive will lock. On the next boot, the drive will present the shadow MBR to the system and the updated PBA will boot. After entering your password, the machine will reboot. If the password was entered correctly, the drive will be unlocked, the actual contents of the drive will be visible, and the boot will continue as normal.

External Links

Some links that might be useful for some:

Copyright

This software is Copyright 2014-2017 Bright Plaza Inc. [email protected]

Copyright 2020-2021 xxc3nsoredxx

This file is part of sedutil.

sedutil is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

sedutil is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with sedutil. If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.

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sedutil for AMD Ryzen with an updated PBA (Pre-Boot Authorization environment)

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