feat(router): add ConnectRPC protocol support for gRPC subgraphs

router/core/executor.go

@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/wundergraph/cosmo/router/pkg/grpcconnector"
 	pubsub_datasource "github.com/wundergraph/cosmo/router/pkg/pubsub/datasource"
 
+	grpcdatasource "github.com/wundergraph/graphql-go-tools/v2/pkg/engine/datasource/grpc_datasource"
+
 	"github.com/wundergraph/graphql-go-tools/v2/pkg/ast"
 	"github.com/wundergraph/graphql-go-tools/v2/pkg/astparser"
 	"github.com/wundergraph/graphql-go-tools/v2/pkg/asttransform"
@@ -37,6 +39,7 @@ type ExecutorConfigurationBuilder struct {
 	instanceData              InstanceData
 
 	subscriptionHooks subscriptionHooks
+	connectTransports map[string]grpcdatasource.RPCTransport
 }
 
 type Executor struct {
@@ -218,6 +221,7 @@ func (b *ExecutorConfigurationBuilder) buildPlannerConfiguration(ctx context.Con
 		b.logger,
 		routerEngineCfg.Execution.EnableNetPoll,
 		b.instanceData,
+		b.connectTransports,
 	), b.logger, b.subscriptionHooks)
 
 	// this generates the plan config using the data source factories from the config package

router/core/factoryresolver.go

@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ type DefaultFactoryResolver struct {
 	transportFactory              ApiTransportFactory
 	defaultSubgraphRequestTimeout time.Duration
 	subscriptionClientOptions     []graphql_datasource.Options
+	connectTransports             map[string]grpcdatasource.RPCTransport
 }
 
 func NewDefaultFactoryResolver(
@@ -89,6 +90,7 @@ func NewDefaultFactoryResolver(
 	log *zap.Logger,
 	enableNetPoll bool,
 	instanceData InstanceData,
+	connectTransports map[string]grpcdatasource.RPCTransport,
 ) *DefaultFactoryResolver {
 	transportFactory := NewTransport(transportOptions)
 
@@ -164,10 +166,19 @@ func NewDefaultFactoryResolver(
 		transportFactory:              transportFactory,
 		defaultSubgraphRequestTimeout: transportOptions.SubgraphTransportOptions.RequestTimeout,
 		subscriptionClientOptions:     options,
+		connectTransports:             connectTransports,
 	}
 }
 
 func (d *DefaultFactoryResolver) ResolveGraphqlFactory(subgraphName string) (plan.PlannerFactory[graphql_datasource.Configuration], error) {
+	// Check Connect transports first — they use HTTP via the Connect protocol
+	// instead of native gRPC, so they bypass the gRPC connector entirely.
+	if d.connectTransports != nil {
+		if ct, ok := d.connectTransports[subgraphName]; ok {
+			return graphql_datasource.NewFactoryConnect(d.engineCtx, ct)
+		}
+	}
+
 	if d.connector != nil {
 		// If the connector is not nil, we try to get the provider for the subgraph.
 		// In case of a provider, we use the gRPC client provider to create the factory.

router/core/graph_server.go

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/wundergraph/cosmo/router/pkg/cors"
 	"github.com/wundergraph/cosmo/router/pkg/execution_config"
 	"github.com/wundergraph/cosmo/router/pkg/grpcconnector"
+	"github.com/wundergraph/cosmo/router/pkg/grpcprotocol"
 	"github.com/wundergraph/cosmo/router/pkg/grpcconnector/grpccommon"
 	"github.com/wundergraph/cosmo/router/pkg/grpcconnector/grpcplugin"
 	"github.com/wundergraph/cosmo/router/pkg/grpcconnector/grpcpluginoci"
@@ -57,6 +58,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/wundergraph/cosmo/router/pkg/statistics"
 	rtrace "github.com/wundergraph/cosmo/router/pkg/trace"
 
+	grpcdatasource "github.com/wundergraph/graphql-go-tools/v2/pkg/engine/datasource/grpc_datasource"
 	"github.com/wundergraph/graphql-go-tools/v2/pkg/astparser"
 )
 
@@ -104,6 +106,7 @@ type (
 		connector               *grpcconnector.Connector
 		circuitBreakerManager   *circuit.Manager
 		headerPropagation       *HeaderPropagation
+		grpcProtocolConfig      *config.GRPCProtocolConfig
 	}
 )
 
@@ -175,6 +178,10 @@ func newGraphServer(ctx context.Context, r *Router, routerConfig *nodev1.RouterC
 		}
 	}
 
+	if err := grpcprotocol.Validate(r.grpcProtocol); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid grpc_protocol configuration: %w", err)
+	}
+
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
 	s := &graphServer{
 		context:                 ctx,
@@ -192,8 +199,9 @@ func newGraphServer(ctx context.Context, r *Router, routerConfig *nodev1.RouterC
 			HostName:      r.hostName,
 			ListenAddress: r.listenAddr,
 		},
-		storageProviders:  &r.storageProviders,
-		headerPropagation: r.headerPropagation,
+		storageProviders:   &r.storageProviders,
+		headerPropagation:  r.headerPropagation,
+		grpcProtocolConfig: r.grpcProtocol,
 	}
 
 	baseOtelAttributes := []attribute.KeyValue{
@@ -1242,7 +1250,42 @@ func (s *graphServer) buildGraphMux(
 		subgraphTippers[subgraph] = subgraphTransport
 	}
 
-	if err := s.setupConnector(ctx, opts.EngineConfig, opts.ConfigSubgraphs, telemetryAttExpressions, tracingAttExpressions); err != nil {
+	// Build HTTP clients for Connect subgraphs, matching the timeout and transport
+	// configuration applied to regular GraphQL subgraph clients.
+	connectDefaultHTTPClient := &http.Client{
+		Transport: s.baseTransport,
+		Timeout:   s.subgraphTransportOptions.RequestTimeout,
+	}
+	connectSubgraphHTTPClients := map[string]*http.Client{}
+	for subgraph, subgraphOpts := range s.subgraphTransportOptions.SubgraphMap {
+		transport, ok := s.subgraphTransports[subgraph]
+		if !ok {
+			transport = s.baseTransport
+		}
+		connectSubgraphHTTPClients[subgraph] = &http.Client{
+			Transport: transport,
+			Timeout:   subgraphOpts.RequestTimeout,
+		}
+	}
+	// Include subgraphs with per-subgraph TLS but no traffic shaping overrides.
+	for subgraph, transport := range s.subgraphTransports {
+		if _, exists := connectSubgraphHTTPClients[subgraph]; !exists {
+			connectSubgraphHTTPClients[subgraph] = &http.Client{
+				Transport: transport,
+				Timeout:   s.subgraphTransportOptions.RequestTimeout,
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Build Connect transports for subgraphs configured to use ConnectRPC protocol.
+	connectTransports := grpcprotocol.BuildConnectTransports(
+		s.grpcProtocolConfig,
+		collectGRPCSubgraphURLs(opts.EngineConfig, opts.ConfigSubgraphs),
+		connectSubgraphHTTPClients,
+		connectDefaultHTTPClient,
+	)
+
+	if err := s.setupConnector(ctx, opts.EngineConfig, opts.ConfigSubgraphs, telemetryAttExpressions, tracingAttExpressions, connectTransports); err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to setup plugin host: %w", err)
 	}
 
@@ -1288,6 +1331,7 @@ func (s *graphServer) buildGraphMux(
 			CircuitBreaker:                s.circuitBreakerManager,
 		},
 		subscriptionHooks: s.subscriptionHooks,
+		connectTransports: connectTransports,
 	}
 
 	executor, providers, err := ecb.Build(
@@ -1623,6 +1667,7 @@ func (s *graphServer) setupConnector(
 	configSubgraphs []*nodev1.Subgraph,
 	telemetryAttributeExpressions *attributeExpressions,
 	tracingAttributeExpressions *attributeExpressions,
+	connectTransports map[string]grpcdatasource.RPCTransport,
 ) error {
 	s.connector = grpcconnector.NewConnector()
 
@@ -1645,6 +1690,14 @@ func (s *graphServer) setupConnector(
 			return fmt.Errorf("subgraph %s not found", dsConfig.Id)
 		}
 
+		// Skip gRPC connector registration for Connect subgraphs —
+		// they use HTTP via the Connect protocol instead of native gRPC.
+		if connectTransports != nil {
+			if _, isConnect := connectTransports[sg.Name]; isConnect {
+				continue
+			}
+		}
+
 		pluginConfig := grpcConfig.GetPlugin()
 		if pluginConfig == nil {
 			remoteProvider, err := grpcremote.NewRemoteGRPCProvider(grpcremote.RemoteGRPCProviderConfig{
@@ -2049,3 +2102,24 @@ func configureSubgraphOverwrites(
 
 	return subgraphs, nil
 }
+
+// collectGRPCSubgraphURLs returns a map of subgraphName → routingUrl
+// for all subgraphs that have gRPC configuration in the engine config.
+func collectGRPCSubgraphURLs(
+	engineConfig *nodev1.EngineConfiguration,
+	configSubgraphs []*nodev1.Subgraph,
+) map[string]string {
+	urls := map[string]string{}
+	for _, dsConfig := range engineConfig.DatasourceConfigurations {
+		if dsConfig.GetCustomGraphql().GetGrpc() == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, sg := range configSubgraphs {
+			if sg.Id == dsConfig.Id {
+				urls[sg.Name] = sg.RoutingUrl
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return urls
+}

router/core/router.go

@@ -2264,6 +2264,12 @@ func WithConnectRPC(cfg config.ConnectRPCConfiguration) Option {
 	}
 }
 
+func WithGRPCProtocol(cfg *config.GRPCProtocolConfig) Option {
+	return func(r *Router) {
+		r.grpcProtocol = cfg
+	}
+}
+
 func WithDemoMode(demoMode bool) Option {
 	return func(r *Router) {
 		r.demoMode = demoMode

router/core/router_config.go

@@ -144,6 +144,7 @@ type Config struct {
 	mcp                           config.MCPConfiguration
 	connectRPC                    config.ConnectRPCConfiguration
 	plugins                       config.PluginsConfiguration
+	grpcProtocol                  *config.GRPCProtocolConfig
 	tracingAttributes             []config.CustomAttribute
 	subscriptionHooks             subscriptionHooks
 }

router/core/supervisor_instance.go

@@ -271,6 +271,7 @@ func optionsFromResources(logger *zap.Logger, config *config.Config, reloadPersi
 		WithMCP(config.MCP),
 		WithConnectRPC(config.ConnectRPC),
 		WithPlugins(config.Plugins),
+		WithGRPCProtocol(config.GRPCProtocol),
 		WithDemoMode(config.DemoMode),
 		WithStreamsHandlerConfiguration(config.Events.Handlers),
 		WithReloadPersistentState(reloadPersistentState),

router/go.mod

@@ -197,4 +197,5 @@ replace (
 // Remember you can use Go workspaces to avoid using replace directives in multiple go.mod files
 // Use what is best for your personal workflow. See CONTRIBUTING.md for more information
 
-// replace github.com/wundergraph/graphql-go-tools/v2 => ../../graphql-go-tools/v2
+// TODO: Update to released version once wundergraph/graphql-go-tools#1453 is merged and tagged.
+replace github.com/wundergraph/graphql-go-tools/v2 => github.com/fengyuwusong/graphql-go-tools/v2 v2.0.0-20260319034538-12c891d918df

router/go.sum

@@ -81,6 +81,8 @@ github.com/fatih/color v1.18.0 h1:S8gINlzdQ840/4pfAwic/ZE0djQEH3wM94VfqLTZcOM=
 github.com/fatih/color v1.18.0/go.mod h1:4FelSpRwEGDpQ12mAdzqdOukCy4u8WUtOY6lkT/6HfU=
 github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4 h1:NFTV2Zj1bL4mc9sqWACXbQFVBBg2W3GPvqp8/ESS2Wg=
 github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4/go.mod h1:m8KPJKqk1gH5J9DgRY2ASl2lWCfGKXixSwevea8zH2U=
+github.com/fengyuwusong/graphql-go-tools/v2 v2.0.0-20260319034538-12c891d918df h1:4wW9/8mELQS2qGPaz4br5bjZwxtm+OLK1T4AEWZi9Xo=
+github.com/fengyuwusong/graphql-go-tools/v2 v2.0.0-20260319034538-12c891d918df/go.mod h1:HjTAO/cuICpu31IfHY9qmSPygx6Gza7Wt9hTSReTI+A=
 github.com/frankban/quicktest v1.14.6 h1:7Xjx+VpznH+oBnejlPUj8oUpdxnVs4f8XU8WnHkI4W8=
 github.com/frankban/quicktest v1.14.6/go.mod h1:4ptaffx2x8+WTWXmUCuVU6aPUX1/Mz7zb5vbUoiM6w0=
 github.com/go-chi/chi/v5 v5.2.2 h1:CMwsvRVTbXVytCk1Wd72Zy1LAsAh9GxMmSNWLHCG618=
@@ -329,8 +331,6 @@ github.com/wundergraph/astjson v1.1.0 h1:xORDosrZ87zQFJwNGe/HIHXqzpdHOFmqWgykCLV
 github.com/wundergraph/astjson v1.1.0/go.mod h1:h12D/dxxnedtLzsKyBLK7/Oe4TAoGpRVC9nDpDrZSWw=
 github.com/wundergraph/go-arena v1.1.0 h1:9+wSRkJAkA2vbYHp6s8tEGhPViRGQNGXqPHT0QzhdIc=
 github.com/wundergraph/go-arena v1.1.0/go.mod h1:ROOysEHWJjLQ8FSfNxZCziagb7Qw2nXY3/vgKRh7eWw=
-github.com/wundergraph/graphql-go-tools/v2 v2.0.0-rc.265 h1:KVmojt3oH13VX8Yr8NZ+fuOiruLyznderHITJs1MyWE=
-github.com/wundergraph/graphql-go-tools/v2 v2.0.0-rc.265/go.mod h1:HjTAO/cuICpu31IfHY9qmSPygx6Gza7Wt9hTSReTI+A=
 github.com/yosida95/uritemplate/v3 v3.0.2 h1:Ed3Oyj9yrmi9087+NczuL5BwkIc4wvTb5zIM+UJPGz4=
 github.com/yosida95/uritemplate/v3 v3.0.2/go.mod h1:ILOh0sOhIJR3+L/8afwt/kE++YT040gmv5BQTMR2HP4=
 github.com/yuin/gopher-lua v1.1.1 h1:kYKnWBjvbNP4XLT3+bPEwAXJx262OhaHDWDVOPjL46M=

router/pkg/config/config.go

@@ -1114,6 +1114,24 @@ type MCPServer struct {
 	BaseURL    string `yaml:"base_url,omitempty" env:"MCP_SERVER_BASE_URL"`
 }
 
+// GRPCProtocolConfig configures the transport protocol for gRPC subgraphs.
+// By default all gRPC subgraphs use native gRPC (HTTP/2 + Protobuf).
+// Setting the protocol to "connectrpc" switches a subgraph to the Connect protocol (HTTP/1.1).
+type GRPCProtocolConfig struct {
+	// Default protocol for all gRPC subgraphs ("grpc" or "connectrpc").
+	Default string `yaml:"default,omitempty" json:"default,omitempty"`
+	// DefaultEncoding for Connect subgraphs ("proto" or "json").
+	DefaultEncoding string `yaml:"default_encoding,omitempty" json:"default_encoding,omitempty"`
+	// Per-subgraph protocol and encoding overrides.
+	Subgraphs map[string]SubgraphGRPCProtocolConfig `yaml:"subgraphs,omitempty" json:"subgraphs,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// SubgraphGRPCProtocolConfig holds per-subgraph protocol/encoding settings.
+type SubgraphGRPCProtocolConfig struct {
+	Protocol string `yaml:"protocol,omitempty" json:"protocol,omitempty"`
+	Encoding string `yaml:"encoding,omitempty" json:"encoding,omitempty"`
+}
+
 type ConnectRPCConfiguration struct {
 	Enabled         bool                    `yaml:"enabled" envDefault:"false" env:"CONNECT_RPC_ENABLED"`
 	Server          ConnectRPCServer        `yaml:"server,omitempty" envPrefix:"CONNECT_RPC_SERVER_"`
@@ -1222,6 +1240,8 @@ type Config struct {
 	Plugins PluginsConfiguration `yaml:"plugins" envPrefix:"PLUGINS_"`
 
 	WatchConfig WatchConfig `yaml:"watch_config" envPrefix:"WATCH_CONFIG_"`
+
+	GRPCProtocol *GRPCProtocolConfig `yaml:"grpc_protocol,omitempty"`
 }
 
 type WatchConfig struct {

router/pkg/grpcprotocol/config.go

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+package grpcprotocol
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/wundergraph/cosmo/router/pkg/config"
+)
+
+const (
+	ProtocolGRPC       = "grpc"
+	ProtocolConnectRPC = "connectrpc"
+
+	EncodingProto = "proto"
+	EncodingJSON  = "json"
+)
+
+// Validate checks that all config values in a GRPCProtocolConfig are valid.
+func Validate(cfg *config.GRPCProtocolConfig) error {
+	if cfg == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if cfg.Default != "" && cfg.Default != ProtocolGRPC && cfg.Default != ProtocolConnectRPC {
+		return fmt.Errorf("grpc_protocol.default: invalid value %q, must be %q or %q", cfg.Default, ProtocolGRPC, ProtocolConnectRPC)
+	}
+	if cfg.DefaultEncoding != "" && cfg.DefaultEncoding != EncodingProto && cfg.DefaultEncoding != EncodingJSON {
+		return fmt.Errorf("grpc_protocol.default_encoding: invalid value %q, must be %q or %q", cfg.DefaultEncoding, EncodingProto, EncodingJSON)
+	}
+	for name, sg := range cfg.Subgraphs {
+		if sg.Protocol != "" && sg.Protocol != ProtocolGRPC && sg.Protocol != ProtocolConnectRPC {
+			return fmt.Errorf("grpc_protocol.subgraphs.%s.protocol: invalid value %q", name, sg.Protocol)
+		}
+		if sg.Encoding != "" && sg.Encoding != EncodingProto && sg.Encoding != EncodingJSON {
+			return fmt.Errorf("grpc_protocol.subgraphs.%s.encoding: invalid value %q", name, sg.Encoding)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ResolveProtocol returns the effective protocol for a subgraph.
+func ResolveProtocol(cfg *config.GRPCProtocolConfig, subgraphName string) string {
+	if cfg == nil {
+		return ProtocolGRPC
+	}
+	if sg, ok := cfg.Subgraphs[subgraphName]; ok && sg.Protocol != "" {
+		return sg.Protocol
+	}
+	if cfg.Default != "" {
+		return cfg.Default
+	}
+	return ProtocolGRPC
+}
+
+// ResolveEncoding returns the effective encoding for a subgraph.
+func ResolveEncoding(cfg *config.GRPCProtocolConfig, subgraphName string) string {
+	if cfg == nil {
+		return EncodingProto
+	}
+	if sg, ok := cfg.Subgraphs[subgraphName]; ok && sg.Encoding != "" {
+		return sg.Encoding
+	}
+	if cfg.DefaultEncoding != "" {
+		return cfg.DefaultEncoding
+	}
+	return EncodingProto
+}