Add lightning data assimilation

[mos3r3n]

TYPE: new feature

KEYWORDS: lightning data, vertical velocity, pseudo divergence, pseudo water vapor

SOURCE: Zhixiong Chen (zchen@fjnu.edu.cn, Fujian Normal University, China)

DESCRIPTION OF CHANGES:
A new lightning data assimilation scheme has been implemented in the WRFDA. In this lightning DA scheme, the lightning flash rate is first converted to the maximum vertical velocity using an empirical relationship and then expanded to profiles of vertical velocities. The profiles of vertical velocity can be directly assimilated with the control variable of W. Another way is to assimilate pseudo divergence converted from vertical velocity to adjust the Kinematic states. A scheme to assimilate pseudo water vapor retrievals from lightning flash rate observations is also added. In the humidity assimilation scheme, the mixing ratio profiles of pseudo water vapor are retrieved from the locations where a rapid increase in lightning flash rate is detected.

LIST OF MODIFIED FILES:
M Registry/registry.var
M frame/module_driver_constants.F
M var/build/da.make
M var/build/depend.txt
M var/da/da_control/da_control.f90
M var/da/da_define_structures/da_allocate_observations.inc
M var/da/da_define_structures/da_allocate_y.inc
A var/da/da_define_structures/da_allocate_y_lightning.inc
M var/da/da_define_structures/da_deallocate_observations.inc
M var/da/da_define_structures/da_deallocate_y.inc
M var/da/da_define_structures/da_define_structures.f90
M var/da/da_define_structures/da_zero_y.inc
A var/da/da_lightning/da_ao_stats_lightning.inc
A var/da/da_lightning/da_calculate_grady_lightning.inc
A var/da/da_lightning/da_check_max_iv_lightning.inc
A var/da/da_lightning/da_div_profile.inc
A var/da/da_lightning/da_div_profile_adj.inc
A var/da/da_lightning/da_div_profile_tl.inc
A var/da/da_lightning/da_get_innov_vector_lightning.inc
A var/da/da_lightning/da_jo_and_grady_lightning.inc
A var/da/da_lightning/da_lightning.f90
A var/da/da_lightning/da_oi_stats_lightning.inc
A var/da/da_lightning/da_print_stats_lightning.inc
A var/da/da_lightning/da_residual_lightning.inc
A var/da/da_lightning/da_transform_xtoy_lightning.inc
A var/da/da_lightning/da_transform_xtoy_lightning_adj.inc
M var/da/da_main/da_wrfvar_top.f90
M var/da/da_minimisation/da_calculate_grady.inc
M var/da/da_minimisation/da_calculate_residual.inc
M var/da/da_minimisation/da_get_innov_vector.inc
M var/da/da_minimisation/da_get_var_diagnostics.inc
M var/da/da_minimisation/da_jo_and_grady.inc
M var/da/da_minimisation/da_minimisation.f90
M var/da/da_minimisation/da_write_diagnostics.inc
M var/da/da_obs/da_fill_obs_structures.inc
A var/da/da_obs/da_fill_obs_structures_lightning.inc
M var/da/da_obs/da_obs.f90
M var/da/da_obs/da_obs_sensitivity.inc
M var/da/da_obs/da_transform_xtoy.inc
M var/da/da_obs/da_transform_xtoy_adj.inc
M var/da/da_obs_io/da_final_write_obs.inc
M var/da/da_obs_io/da_obs_io.f90
M var/da/da_obs_io/da_read_iv_for_multi_inc.inc
A var/da/da_obs_io/da_read_obs_lightning.inc
M var/da/da_obs_io/da_read_omb_tmp.inc
A var/da/da_obs_io/da_scan_obs_lightning.inc
M var/da/da_obs_io/da_search_obs.inc
M var/da/da_obs_io/da_write_iv_for_multi_inc.inc
M var/da/da_obs_io/da_write_obs.inc
M var/da/da_setup_structures/da_setup_obs_structures.inc
M var/da/da_setup_structures/da_setup_obs_structures_ascii.inc
A var/da/da_setup_structures/da_setup_obs_structures_lightning.inc
M var/da/da_setup_structures/da_setup_structures.f90
M var/da/da_statistics/da_analysis_stats.inc
M var/da/da_statistics/da_statistics.f90
M var/da/da_test/da_check_xtoy_adjoint.inc
A var/da/da_test/da_check_xtoy_adjoint_lightning.inc
M var/da/da_test/da_get_y_lhs_value.inc
M var/da/da_test/da_test.f90

TESTS CONDUCTED:

1. Tested it with 3DVar on Cheyenne using the intel compiler.

RELEASE NOTE:
A lightning data assimilation scheme has been added to assimilate pseudo vertical velocity, divergence fields, or water vapor retrievals from lightning flash rate data.
Chen, Z., Sun, J., Qie, X., Zhang, Y., Ying, Z., Xiao, X., & Cao, D. (2020). A method to update model kinematic states by assimilating satellite-observed total lightning data to improve convective analysis and forecasting. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 125, e2020JD033330. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD033330

[weiwangncar]

The regression test results:

Test Type              | Expected  | Received |  Failed
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =  = = = =
Number of Tests        : 23           24
Number of Builds       : 60           57
Number of Simulations  : 158           150        0
Number of Comparisons  : 95           86        0

Failed Simulations are: 
None
Which comparisons are not bit-for-bit: 
None

[liujake]

Looks good!