Kubernetes: Support allowPrivilegeEscalation and capabilities backend_options

docs/docs/30-administration/10-configuration/11-backends/20-kubernetes.md

@@ -359,6 +359,26 @@ backend_options:
 The feature requires Kubernetes v1.30 or above.
 :::
 
+You can set `allowPrivilegeEscalation` to `false` to prevent a container from gaining more privileges than its parent process.
+
+```yaml
+backend_options:
+  kubernetes:
+    securityContext:
+      allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
+```
+
+You can also drop [Linux capabilities](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/capabilities.7.html) from a container. Adding capabilities is not allowed.
+
+```yaml
+backend_options:
+  kubernetes:
+    securityContext:
+      capabilities:
+        drop:
+          - ALL
+```
+
 ### Annotations and labels
 
 You can specify arbitrary [annotations](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/annotations/) and [labels](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/labels/) to be set on the Pod definition for a given workflow step using the following configuration:

pipeline/backend/kubernetes/backend_options.go

@@ -66,14 +66,16 @@ const (
 )
 
 type SecurityContext struct {
-	Privileged          *bool                                `mapstructure:"privileged"`
-	RunAsNonRoot        *bool                                `mapstructure:"runAsNonRoot"`
-	RunAsUser           *int64                               `mapstructure:"runAsUser"`
-	RunAsGroup          *int64                               `mapstructure:"runAsGroup"`
-	FSGroup             *int64                               `mapstructure:"fsGroup"`
-	FsGroupChangePolicy *kube_core_v1.PodFSGroupChangePolicy `mapstructure:"fsGroupChangePolicy"`
-	SeccompProfile      *SecProfile                          `mapstructure:"seccompProfile"`
-	ApparmorProfile     *SecProfile                          `mapstructure:"apparmorProfile"`
+	Privileged               *bool                                `mapstructure:"privileged"`
+	RunAsNonRoot             *bool                                `mapstructure:"runAsNonRoot"`
+	RunAsUser                *int64                               `mapstructure:"runAsUser"`
+	RunAsGroup               *int64                               `mapstructure:"runAsGroup"`
+	FSGroup                  *int64                               `mapstructure:"fsGroup"`
+	FsGroupChangePolicy      *kube_core_v1.PodFSGroupChangePolicy `mapstructure:"fsGroupChangePolicy"`
+	SeccompProfile           *SecProfile                          `mapstructure:"seccompProfile"`
+	ApparmorProfile          *SecProfile                          `mapstructure:"apparmorProfile"`
+	AllowPrivilegeEscalation *bool                                `mapstructure:"allowPrivilegeEscalation"`
+	Capabilities             *Capabilities                        `mapstructure:"capabilities"`
 }
 
 type SecProfile struct {
@@ -83,6 +85,10 @@ type SecProfile struct {
 
 type SecProfileType string
 
+type Capabilities struct {
+	Drop []string `mapstructure:"drop"`
+}
+
 // SecretRef defines Kubernetes secret reference.
 type SecretRef struct {
 	Name   string       `mapstructure:"name"`

pipeline/backend/kubernetes/pod.go

@@ -590,33 +590,57 @@ func apparmorProfile(scp *SecProfile) *kube_core_v1.AppArmorProfile {
 	return apparmorProfile
 }
 
-func containerSecurityContext(sc *SecurityContext, stepPrivileged bool) *kube_core_v1.SecurityContext {
-	if !stepPrivileged {
+func containerCapabilities(capabilities *Capabilities) *kube_core_v1.Capabilities {
+	if capabilities == nil || len(capabilities.Drop) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	//nolint:staticcheck
-	privileged := false
+	drop := make([]kube_core_v1.Capability, len(capabilities.Drop))
 
-	// if security context privileged is set explicitly
-	if sc != nil && sc.Privileged != nil && *sc.Privileged {
-		privileged = true
+	for i, c := range capabilities.Drop {
+		drop[i] = kube_core_v1.Capability(c)
 	}
 
-	// if security context privileged is not set explicitly, but step is privileged
-	if (sc == nil || sc.Privileged == nil) && stepPrivileged {
-		privileged = true
+	return &kube_core_v1.Capabilities{
+		Drop: drop,
 	}
+}
 
-	if privileged {
-		securityContext := &kube_core_v1.SecurityContext{
-			Privileged: newBool(true),
+func containerSecurityContext(sc *SecurityContext, stepPrivileged bool) *kube_core_v1.SecurityContext {
+	var (
+		privileged               *bool
+		allowPrivilegeEscalation *bool
+		capabilities             *kube_core_v1.Capabilities
+	)
+
+	// A container may only run privileged when the step itself is privileged.
+	// If the step is privileged, the container is privileged by default unless
+	// explicitly disabled via securityContext.privileged=false.
+	if stepPrivileged && (sc == nil || sc.Privileged == nil || *sc.Privileged) {
+		privileged = newBool(true)
+	}
+
+	if sc != nil {
+		// allowPrivilegeEscalation can only be set to false.
+		if sc.AllowPrivilegeEscalation != nil && !*sc.AllowPrivilegeEscalation {
+			allowPrivilegeEscalation = sc.AllowPrivilegeEscalation
 		}
-		log.Trace().Msgf("container security context that will be used: %v", securityContext)
-		return securityContext
+
+		capabilities = containerCapabilities(sc.Capabilities)
 	}
 
-	return nil
+	if privileged == nil && capabilities == nil && allowPrivilegeEscalation == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	securityContext := &kube_core_v1.SecurityContext{
+		Privileged:               privileged,
+		AllowPrivilegeEscalation: allowPrivilegeEscalation,
+		Capabilities:             capabilities,
+	}
+
+	log.Trace().Msgf("container security context that will be used: %v", securityContext)
+	return securityContext
 }
 
 func mapToEnvVars(m map[string]string) []kube_core_v1.EnvVar {

pipeline/backend/kubernetes/pod_test.go

@@ -300,7 +300,11 @@ func TestFullPod(t *testing.T) {
 					],
 					"imagePullPolicy": "Always",
 					"securityContext": {
-						"privileged": true
+						"privileged": true,
+						"allowPrivilegeEscalation": false,
+						"capabilities": {
+							"drop": ["ALL"]
+						}
 					}
 				}
 			],
@@ -378,12 +382,16 @@ func TestFullPod(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	fsGroupChangePolicy := kube_core_v1.PodFSGroupChangePolicy("OnRootMismatch")
 	secCtx := SecurityContext{
-		Privileged:          newBool(true),
-		RunAsNonRoot:        newBool(true),
-		RunAsUser:           newInt64(101),
-		RunAsGroup:          newInt64(101),
-		FSGroup:             newInt64(101),
-		FsGroupChangePolicy: &fsGroupChangePolicy,
+		Privileged:               newBool(true),
+		RunAsNonRoot:             newBool(true),
+		RunAsUser:                newInt64(101),
+		RunAsGroup:               newInt64(101),
+		FSGroup:                  newInt64(101),
+		FsGroupChangePolicy:      &fsGroupChangePolicy,
+		AllowPrivilegeEscalation: newBool(false),
+		Capabilities: &Capabilities{
+			Drop: []string{"ALL"},
+		},
 		SeccompProfile: &SecProfile{
 			Type:             "Localhost",
 			LocalhostProfile: "profiles/audit.json",
@@ -526,6 +534,55 @@ func TestPodPrivilege(t *testing.T) {
 	pod, err = createTestPod(false, true, secCtx)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.True(t, *pod.Spec.SecurityContext.RunAsNonRoot)
+
+	// non-privileged step with allowPrivilegeEscalation=false: applied
+	secCtx = SecurityContext{
+		AllowPrivilegeEscalation: newBool(false),
+	}
+	pod, err = createTestPod(false, false, secCtx)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotNil(t, pod.Spec.Containers[0].SecurityContext)
+	assert.False(t, *pod.Spec.Containers[0].SecurityContext.AllowPrivilegeEscalation)
+	assert.Nil(t, pod.Spec.Containers[0].SecurityContext.Privileged)
+
+	// non-privileged step with allowPrivilegeEscalation=true: ignored
+	secCtx = SecurityContext{
+		AllowPrivilegeEscalation: newBool(true),
+	}
+	pod, err = createTestPod(false, false, secCtx)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Nil(t, pod.Spec.Containers[0].SecurityContext)
+
+	// privileged step with allowPrivilegeEscalation=true: ignored
+	secCtx = SecurityContext{
+		AllowPrivilegeEscalation: newBool(true),
+	}
+	pod, err = createTestPod(true, false, secCtx)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Nil(t, pod.Spec.Containers[0].SecurityContext.AllowPrivilegeEscalation)
+
+	// non-privileged step with capabilities drop: applied
+	secCtx = SecurityContext{
+		Capabilities: &Capabilities{Drop: []string{"ALL"}},
+	}
+	pod, err = createTestPod(false, false, secCtx)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotNil(t, pod.Spec.Containers[0].SecurityContext)
+	assert.Equal(t, []kube_core_v1.Capability{"ALL"}, pod.Spec.Containers[0].SecurityContext.Capabilities.Drop)
+	assert.Nil(t, pod.Spec.Containers[0].SecurityContext.Capabilities.Add)
+	assert.Nil(t, pod.Spec.Containers[0].SecurityContext.Privileged)
+
+	// non-privileged step with drop capabilities and allowPrivilegeEscalation=false: both applied
+	secCtx = SecurityContext{
+		AllowPrivilegeEscalation: newBool(false),
+		Capabilities:             &Capabilities{Drop: []string{"ALL"}},
+	}
+	pod, err = createTestPod(false, false, secCtx)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotNil(t, pod.Spec.Containers[0].SecurityContext)
+	assert.Nil(t, pod.Spec.Containers[0].SecurityContext.Privileged)
+	assert.False(t, *pod.Spec.Containers[0].SecurityContext.AllowPrivilegeEscalation)
+	assert.Equal(t, []kube_core_v1.Capability{"ALL"}, pod.Spec.Containers[0].SecurityContext.Capabilities.Drop)
 }
 
 func TestScratchPod(t *testing.T) {