feat!: drop node 18 and 20

.changeset/puny-poems-create.md

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+---
+'@astrojs/markdoc': minor
+'@astrojs/preact': major
+'@astrojs/svelte': major
+'@astrojs/react': major
+'@astrojs/solid-js': major
+'@astrojs/mdx': major
+'create-astro': major
+'@astrojs/prism': major
+'@astrojs/upgrade': minor
+'astro': major
+---
+
+Increases minimum Node.js version to 22.0.0
+
+Node 18 reached its End of Life in March 2025 and Node 20 is scheduled to reach its End of Life in April 2026.
+
+Astro v6.0 drops Node 18 and Node 20 support entirely so that all Astro users can take advantage of Node's more modern features.
+
+#### What should I do?
+
+Check that both your development environment and your deployment environment are using **Node `22.0.0` or higher**.
+
+1. Check your local version of Node using:
+
+  ```sh
+  node -v
+  ```
+
+2. Check your deployment environment's own documentation to verify that they support Node 22.
+
+  You can specify Node `22.0.0` for your Astro project either in a dashboard configuration setting or a `.nvmrc` file.
+
+  ```bash
+  # .nvmrc
+  22.0.0
+  ```

.devcontainer/Dockerfile

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FROM mcr.microsoft.com/devcontainers/javascript-node:1-18
+FROM mcr.microsoft.com/devcontainers/javascript-node:1-22
 
 # Install playwright
 RUN npm install -g @playwright/test

.devcontainer/examples.Dockerfile

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FROM mcr.microsoft.com/devcontainers/javascript-node:1-18
+FROM mcr.microsoft.com/devcontainers/javascript-node:1-22
 
 # Install latest pnpm
 RUN npm install -g pnpm

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/---01-bug-report.yml

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ body:
         Thank you for taking the time to file a bug report! Please fill out this form as completely as possible.
 
         ✅ I am using the **latest version of Astro** and all plugins.
-        ✅ I am using a version of Node that Astro supports (`v18.20.8`, `v20.3.0`, `v22.0.0` or higher.)
+        ✅ I am using a version of Node that Astro supports (`v22.0.0` or higher.)
   - type: textarea
     id: astro-info
     attributes:

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         OS: [ubuntu-latest, macos-14, windows-2025]
-        NODE_VERSION: [18, 20, 22]
+        NODE_VERSION: [22, 24]
         TEST_SUITE:
           - { name: astro, script: 'pnpm run test:astro' }
           - { name: integrations, script: 'pnpm run test:integrations' }
@@ -119,13 +119,9 @@ jobs:
         # Windows and use one of the older Node versions.
         exclude:
           - os: macos-14
-            NODE_VERSION: 18
-          - os: macos-14
-            NODE_VERSION: 20
-          - os: windows-2025
-            NODE_VERSION: 18
+            NODE_VERSION: 22
           - os: windows-2025
-            NODE_VERSION: 20
+            NODE_VERSION: 22
       fail-fast: false
     env:
       NODE_VERSION: ${{ matrix.NODE_VERSION }}

.nvmrc

@@ -1 +1 @@
-18.20.8
+22.20.0

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ We welcome contributions of any size and skill level. As an open source project,
 ### Prerequisites
 
 ```shell
-node: "^>=18.20.8"
-pnpm: "^9.12.1"
+node: "^>=22.0.0"
+pnpm: "^10.17.0"
 # otherwise, your build will fail
 ```
 

benchmark/bench/_util.js

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import path from 'node:path';
 
 const astroPkgPath = createRequire(import.meta.url).resolve('astro/package.json');
 
-export const astroBin = path.resolve(astroPkgPath, '../astro.js');
+export const astroBin = path.resolve(astroPkgPath, '../bin/astro.mjs');
 
 /** @typedef {{ avg: number, stdev: number, max: number }} Stat */
 

benchmark/packages/adapter/src/server.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
 import * as fs from 'node:fs';
 import type { SSRManifest } from 'astro';
 import { App } from 'astro/app';
-import { applyPolyfills } from 'astro/app/node';
-
-applyPolyfills();
 
 class MyApp extends App {
 	#manifest: SSRManifest | undefined;

benchmark/packages/timer/src/server.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 import type { IncomingMessage, ServerResponse } from 'node:http';
 import type { SSRManifest } from 'astro';
-import { applyPolyfills, NodeApp } from 'astro/app/node';
-
-applyPolyfills();
+import { NodeApp } from 'astro/app/node';
 
 export function createExports(manifest: SSRManifest) {
 	const app = new NodeApp(manifest);

biome.jsonc

@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@
         "**/packages/db/**/cli/**/*.ts",
         "**/benchmark/**/*.js",
         "**/packages/astro/src/cli/**/*.ts",
-        "**/packages/astro/astro.js"
+        "**/packages/astro/bin/**/*.mjs"
       ],
       "linter": {
         "rules": {

examples/basics/.codesandbox/Dockerfile

@@ -1 +1 @@
-FROM node:18-bullseye
+FROM node:22-bullseye

examples/blog/.codesandbox/Dockerfile

@@ -1 +1 @@
-FROM node:18-bullseye
+FROM node:22-bullseye

examples/container-with-vitest/.codesandbox/Dockerfile

@@ -1 +1 @@
-FROM node:18-bullseye
+FROM node:22-bullseye

examples/framework-alpine/.codesandbox/Dockerfile

@@ -1 +1 @@
-FROM node:18-bullseye
+FROM node:22-bullseye

examples/framework-multiple/.codesandbox/Dockerfile

@@ -1 +1 @@
-FROM node:18-bullseye
+FROM node:22-bullseye

examples/framework-preact/.codesandbox/Dockerfile

@@ -1 +1 @@
-FROM node:18-bullseye
+FROM node:22-bullseye

examples/framework-react/.codesandbox/Dockerfile

@@ -1 +1 @@
-FROM node:18-bullseye
+FROM node:22-bullseye

examples/framework-solid/.codesandbox/Dockerfile

@@ -1 +1 @@
-FROM node:18-bullseye
+FROM node:22-bullseye

examples/framework-svelte/.codesandbox/Dockerfile

@@ -1 +1 @@
-FROM node:18-bullseye
+FROM node:22-bullseye

examples/framework-vue/.codesandbox/Dockerfile

@@ -1 +1 @@
-FROM node:18-bullseye
+FROM node:22-bullseye

examples/hackernews/.codesandbox/Dockerfile

@@ -1 +1 @@
-FROM node:18-bullseye
+FROM node:22-bullseye

examples/minimal/.codesandbox/Dockerfile

@@ -1 +1 @@
-FROM node:18-bullseye
+FROM node:22-bullseye

examples/portfolio/.codesandbox/Dockerfile

@@ -1 +1 @@
-FROM node:18-bullseye
+FROM node:22-bullseye

examples/ssr/.codesandbox/Dockerfile

@@ -1 +1 @@
-FROM node:18-bullseye
+FROM node:22-bullseye

examples/toolbar-app/.codesandbox/Dockerfile

@@ -1 +1 @@
-FROM node:18-bullseye
+FROM node:22-bullseye

examples/with-markdoc/.codesandbox/Dockerfile

@@ -1 +1 @@
-FROM node:18-bullseye
+FROM node:22-bullseye

examples/with-mdx/.codesandbox/Dockerfile

@@ -1 +1 @@
-FROM node:18-bullseye
+FROM node:22-bullseye

examples/with-nanostores/.codesandbox/Dockerfile

@@ -1 +1 @@
-FROM node:18-bullseye
+FROM node:22-bullseye

examples/with-tailwindcss/.codesandbox/Dockerfile

@@ -1 +1 @@
-FROM node:18-bullseye
+FROM node:22-bullseye

examples/with-vitest/.codesandbox/Dockerfile

@@ -1 +1 @@
-FROM node:18-bullseye
+FROM node:22-bullseye

package.json

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
     "packages/*"
   ],
   "engines": {
-    "node": "^18.20.8 || ^20.3.0 || >=22.0.0"
+    "node": ">=22.0.0"
   },
   "packageManager": "[email protected]",
   "dependencies": {

packages/astro-prism/package.json

@@ -39,6 +39,6 @@
     "astro-scripts": "workspace:*"
   },
   "engines": {
-    "node": "18.20.8 || ^20.3.0 || >=22.0.0"
+    "node": "^20.19.5 || >=22.0.0"
   }
 }

packages/astro/astro.js → packages/astro/bin/astro.mjs

@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env node
 'use strict';
 
-// ISOMORPHIC FILE: NO TOP-LEVEL IMPORT/REQUIRE() ALLOWED
-// This file has to run as both ESM and CJS on older Node.js versions
-
 const CI_INSTRUCTIONS = {
 	NETLIFY: 'https://docs.netlify.com/configure-builds/manage-dependencies/#node-js-and-javascript',
 	GITHUB_ACTIONS:
 		'https://docs.github.com/en/actions/guides/building-and-testing-nodejs#specifying-the-nodejs-version',
 	VERCEL: 'https://vercel.com/docs/runtimes#official-runtimes/node-js/node-js-version',
 };
 
+// TODO: remove once Stackblitz supports Node 22
+const IS_STACKBLITZ = !!process.versions.webcontainer;
+
 // Hardcode supported Node.js version so we don't have to read differently in CJS & ESM.
-const engines = '>=18.20.8';
-const skipSemverCheckIfAbove = 19;
+const engines = IS_STACKBLITZ ? '>=20.19.5' : '>=22.0.0';
+const skipSemverCheckIfAbove = IS_STACKBLITZ ? 21 : 23;
 
 /** `astro *` */
 async function main() {
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ async function main() {
 		if (correctedCwd !== cwd) process.chdir(correctedCwd);
 	}
 
-	return import('./dist/cli/index.js')
+	return import('../dist/cli/index.js')
 		.then(({ cli }) => cli(process.argv))
 		.catch((error) => {
 			console.error(error);
@@ -52,8 +52,7 @@ async function errorNodeUnsupported() {
 Node.js v${process.versions.node} is not supported by Astro!
 Please upgrade Node.js to a supported version: "${engines}"\n`);
 
-	// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-require-imports
-	const ci = typeof require !== 'undefined' ? require('ci-info') : await import('ci-info');
+	const ci = await import('ci-info');
 
 	// Special instructions for CI environments, which may have special steps needed.
 	// This is a common issue that we can help users with proactively.

packages/astro/package.json

@@ -73,14 +73,14 @@
     "./virtual-modules/*": "./dist/virtual-modules/*"
   },
   "bin": {
-    "astro": "astro.js"
+    "astro": "./bin/astro.mjs"
   },
   "files": [
     "components/*.{astro,css,ts}",
     "tsconfigs",
     "dist",
     "types",
-    "astro.js",
+    "bin",
     "env.d.ts",
     "client.d.ts",
     "jsx-runtime.d.ts",
@@ -136,7 +136,6 @@
     "github-slugger": "^2.0.0",
     "html-escaper": "3.0.3",
     "http-cache-semantics": "^4.2.0",
-    "import-meta-resolve": "^4.2.0",
     "js-yaml": "^4.1.0",
     "kleur": "^4.1.5",
     "magic-string": "^0.30.18",
@@ -211,7 +210,7 @@
     "vitest": "^3.2.4"
   },
   "engines": {
-    "node": "18.20.8 || ^20.3.0 || >=22.0.0",
+    "node": "^20.19.5 || >=22.0.0",
     "npm": ">=9.6.5",
     "pnpm": ">=7.1.0"
   },

packages/astro/src/assets/build/remote.ts

@@ -82,27 +82,17 @@ export async function revalidateRemoteImage(
 	};
 }
 
-function webToCachePolicyRequest({ url, method, headers: _headers }: Request): CachePolicy.Request {
-	let headers: CachePolicy.Headers = {};
-	// Be defensive here due to a cookie header bug in [email protected] + undici
-	try {
-		headers = Object.fromEntries(_headers.entries());
-	} catch {}
+function webToCachePolicyRequest({ url, method, headers }: Request): CachePolicy.Request {
 	return {
 		method,
 		url,
-		headers,
+		headers: Object.fromEntries(headers.entries()),
 	};
 }
 
-function webToCachePolicyResponse({ status, headers: _headers }: Response): CachePolicy.Response {
-	let headers: CachePolicy.Headers = {};
-	// Be defensive here due to a cookie header bug in [email protected] + undici
-	try {
-		headers = Object.fromEntries(_headers.entries());
-	} catch {}
+function webToCachePolicyResponse({ status, headers }: Response): CachePolicy.Response {
 	return {
 		status,
-		headers,
+		headers: Object.fromEntries(headers.entries()),
 	};
 }

packages/astro/src/cli/add/index.ts

@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ import type { Logger } from '../../core/logger/core.js';
 import * as msg from '../../core/messages.js';
 import { printHelp } from '../../core/messages.js';
 import { appendForwardSlash } from '../../core/path.js';
-import { apply as applyPolyfill } from '../../core/polyfill.js';
 import { ensureProcessNodeEnv, parseNpmName } from '../../core/util.js';
 import { eventCliSession, telemetry } from '../../events/index.js';
 import { exec } from '../exec.js';
@@ -91,7 +90,6 @@ const OFFICIAL_ADAPTER_TO_IMPORT_MAP: Record<string, string> = {
 
 export async function add(names: string[], { flags }: AddOptions) {
 	ensureProcessNodeEnv('production');
-	applyPolyfill();
 	const inlineConfig = flagsToAstroInlineConfig(flags);
 	const { userConfig } = await resolveConfig(inlineConfig, 'add');
 	telemetry.record(eventCliSession('add', userConfig));

packages/astro/src/cli/db/index.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import type { Arguments } from 'yargs-parser';
 import { resolveConfig } from '../../core/config/config.js';
-import { apply as applyPolyfill } from '../../core/polyfill.js';
 import type { AstroConfig } from '../../types/public/config.js';
 import { createLoggerFromFlags, flagsToAstroInlineConfig } from '../flags.js';
 import { getPackage } from '../install-package.js';
@@ -10,7 +9,6 @@ type DBPackage = {
 };
 
 export async function db({ flags }: { flags: Arguments }) {
-	applyPolyfill();
 	const logger = createLoggerFromFlags(flags);
 	const getPackageOpts = {
 		skipAsk: !!flags.yes || !!flags.y,

packages/astro/src/cli/info/index.ts

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import * as colors from 'kleur/colors';
 import prompts from 'prompts';
 import { resolveConfig } from '../../core/config/index.js';
 import { ASTRO_VERSION } from '../../core/constants.js';
-import { apply as applyPolyfill } from '../../core/polyfill.js';
 import type { AstroConfig, AstroUserConfig } from '../../types/public/config.js';
 import { type Flags, flagsToAstroInlineConfig } from '../flags.js';
 
@@ -80,7 +79,6 @@ export async function getInfoOutput({
 }
 
 export async function printInfo({ flags }: InfoOptions) {
-	applyPolyfill();
 	const { userConfig } = await resolveConfig(flagsToAstroInlineConfig(flags), 'info');
 	const output = await getInfoOutput({ userConfig, print: true });
 	await copyToClipboard(output, flags.copy);

packages/astro/src/cli/preferences/index.ts

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import { resolveConfig } from '../../core/config/config.js';
 import { createSettings } from '../../core/config/settings.js';
 import { collectErrorMetadata } from '../../core/errors/dev/utils.js';
 import * as msg from '../../core/messages.js';
-import { apply as applyPolyfill } from '../../core/polyfill.js';
 import { DEFAULT_PREFERENCES } from '../../preferences/defaults.js';
 import { coerce, isValidKey, type PreferenceKey } from '../../preferences/index.js';
 import type { AstroSettings } from '../../types/astro.js';
@@ -41,7 +40,6 @@ export async function preferences(
 	value: string | undefined,
 	{ flags }: PreferencesOptions,
 ): Promise<number> {
-	applyPolyfill();
 	if (!isValidSubcommand(subcommand) || flags?.help || flags?.h) {
 		msg.printHelp({
 			commandName: 'astro preferences',

packages/astro/src/container/index.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import './polyfill.js';
 import { posix } from 'node:path';
 import { getDefaultClientDirectives } from '../core/client-directive/index.js';
 import { ASTRO_CONFIG_DEFAULTS } from '../core/config/schemas/index.js';