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[KV Offload] Avoid quadratic event polling - #55756

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felix314159:perf/simple-kv-offload-event-queues
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felix314159:perf/simple-kv-offload-event-queues

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What changed

SimpleCPUOffloadWorker previously drained completed transfer events with
repeated list.pop(0) and scanned every pending event ID on every engine step.
This made burst completion quadratic in the backlog and made a no-progress poll
linear in all pending transfers.

Use ordered deques for both event records and pending IDs. Scheduler event IDs
are monotonic, each backend queue is FIFO per transfer direction, and the worker
only consumes completed prefixes, so the queue order preserves the existing
completion semantics. A CPU-only test covers both load and store streams,
including stopping at the first incomplete event and reporting each completion
once.

Performance

My benchmarks used the original polling loop and the patched
worker method. Times are medians of nine runs for completed-event draining:

Completed events Original Patched Speedup
1,000 0.089 ms 0.057 ms 1.6x
10,000 5.973 ms 0.523 ms 11.4x
50,000 135.536 ms 2.628 ms 51.6x

For 100 polls while the oldest event remained incomplete (11-run medians):

Pending events Original Patched Speedup
1,000 0.929 ms 0.022 ms 43.0x
10,000 9.838 ms 0.023 ms 428.1x
50,000 52.267 ms 0.018 ms 2905.6x

Validation

  • .venv/bin/python -m pytest tests/v1/simple_kv_offload/test_worker_events.py -q
    • 1 passed
  • .venv/bin/pre-commit run --files <changed files>
    • all applicable hooks passed, including ruff, mypy, SPDX, forbidden imports,
      and CUDA API validation

Model evaluation was not run because this changes host-side event bookkeeping
only and does not change model execution, token generation, or numerical output.

Use ordered deques so transfer completion polling scales with completed prefixes instead of the total event backlog.

Co-authored-by: OpenAI Codex <codex@openai.com>
Signed-off-by: felix h <felix314159@users.noreply.github.com>
@felix314159
felix314159 requested a review from ivanium as a code owner September 7, 2026 16:37

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Can someone add the 'ready-run-all-tests' or 'ready' label pls?

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Review Change Stack

No actionable comments were generated in the recent review. 🎉

ℹ️ Recent review info
⚙️ Run configuration

Configuration used: Repository UI

Review profile: CHILL

Plan: Team

Run ID: f2473587-fd2a-4353-be96-67322ea288d5

📥 Commits

Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between 51da0ca and 71a6be7.

📒 Files selected for processing (4)
  • tests/v1/simple_kv_offload/test_worker_events.py
  • vllm/v1/simple_kv_offload/copy_backend.py
  • vllm/v1/simple_kv_offload/disk_backend.py
  • vllm/v1/simple_kv_offload/worker.py

Included review availability: Your plan provides up to 10 included reviews per hour; 9 remain after this review.


📝 Summary

Summary by CodeRabbit

  • Performance

    • Improved handling of background load and store events for more efficient completion tracking and queue processing.
  • Compatibility

    • Copy operations now support both list- and deque-based event collections without changing existing behavior.
  • Tests

    • Added coverage for reporting completed operations and correctly draining event metadata.

Walkthrough

The worker now uses deques for event and pending-index tracking. Copy backends accept deque-based event collections. New tests verify completed-prefix reporting, store-event metadata draining, and event query counts.

Changes

Event queue updates

Layer / File(s) Summary
Worker event lifecycle and validation
vllm/v1/simple_kv_offload/worker.py, tests/v1/simple_kv_offload/test_worker_events.py
The worker uses deques for event queues and pending indices. Completion polling and flushing remove entries from the front. Tests validate completion prefixes, metadata draining, and query counts.
Backend event container contracts
vllm/v1/simple_kv_offload/copy_backend.py, vllm/v1/simple_kv_offload/disk_backend.py
launch_copy accepts event collections implemented as either lists or deques.

Estimated code review effort: 2 (Simple) | ~10 minutes

Merge Risk: ⚪ Minimal · up to 71a6b

The worker now drains transfer-completion events efficiently while preserving ordered load and store completion reporting. Current coverage supports the intended behavior change with no remaining merge-blocking risk.

🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 4 | ❌ 1

❌ Failed checks (1 warning)

Check name Status Explanation Resolution
Docstring Coverage ⚠️ Warning Docstring coverage is 27.27% which is insufficient. The required threshold is 80.00%. Docstring coverage is scoped to functions touched by this diff. Analyzed 11 functions across 4 files. Write docstrings for the functions missing them to satisfy the coverage threshold.
✅ Passed checks (4 passed)
Check name Status Explanation
Title check ✅ Passed The title clearly and concisely describes the main change: avoiding quadratic event polling in KV offload.
Description check ✅ Passed The description directly explains the deque-based event polling changes, performance impact, tests, and validation results.
Linked Issues check ✅ Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Out of Scope Changes check ✅ Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
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🛠️ Fix failing CI checks 💡
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@mergify mergify Bot added the nixl NIXL KV connector / multi-tiered KV offloading (KVCR) label Oct 29, 2026

@sohom-cs sohom-cs left a comment

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I checked this against main at 971378f466. The pop(0) and set scans are still there, it merges cleanly, and tests/v1/simple_kv_offload passes with it on CPU.

  • This also fixes store completion order on a single worker. On main, stores that finish in the same poll come back in set order, e.g. events 7 and 8 as [8, 7], and update_connector_output then emits the child BlockStored before its parent. #63249 fixes the same thing for the OffloadingConnector. The new test also passes against main's worker.py; could it use ids 7 and 8 and assert list(worker_meta.completed_store_events) == [7, 8]?
  • With more than one worker, aggregate() can still merge as [8, 7] when one rank reports a step later. Iterating sorted(meta.completed_store_events.items()) at vllm/v1/simple_kv_offload/manager.py:1082 fixed both cases in my repro. That could go here or in a follow-up.

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