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[Feature][SimpleCPU] Load fine-grained hybrid prefix hits - #54736

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YukioZzz:yichaozhu/pr53917-fine-grained-hybrid-hits
Sep 11, 2026
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dllehr-amd merged 7 commits into
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YukioZzz:yichaozhu/pr53917-fine-grained-hybrid-hits

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@YukioZzz YukioZzz commented Sep 1, 2026

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Purpose

On hybrid models, SimpleCPU offload cannot serve a fine-grained external prefix hit reliably:

  • Mamba align mode nulls interior states and relocates speculative blocks in place, so its block table cannot be resolved by a monotonically advancing positional cursor. The connector must consume the exact boundary handoffs already published by the KV cache manager.
  • A prompt can end on a hash boundary that is not a full-attention effective-block boundary. The positional scan only preserves whole attention blocks, so the recurrent group and full-attention group otherwise do not hold the same boundary and the hybrid lookup reconciles to zero.

Stacked on #54735.

Changes

  • Consume explicit boundary-state handoffs and skip positional scans only for cache groups whose block tables are not positionally stable. Mamba all mode and the other append-only group types keep positional scanning.
  • Map an accepted external token range through each group's resolved physical block size. Fine-grained block counts round up because the external hit is hash-block aligned rather than aligned to every physical group block.
  • Align eager store coverage with the lookup granularity instead of truncating every group to the scheduler-block LCM.
  • Store the full-attention prompt tail at request finish when fine-grained hits are enabled. This uses a SimpleCPU-local positional lookup; it does not add full-attention entries to the shared boundary_state_offloads channel.
  • Keep lazy offload scheduler-block aligned by disabling partial hash hits in lazy mode.
  • Drop stale handoffs for requests that finished or were preempted in the same step, and account for each handoff admission outcome.
  • Deduplicate completion request IDs when one request contributes both positional attention blocks and an explicit Mamba boundary to the same store event. The selected block lists are unchanged.

Runtime Validation

All results below use source head 9cf76fe57 with eager SimpleCPU offload and the default prefix_cache_retention_interval=0.

Kimi-K3 TP8/DCP8

Deterministic dummy cold/hot/pressure/replay with 32 GPU blocks:

hot local hit        64512 / 64543 = 99.95%
replay local hit         0 / 64543 = 0.00%
replay external hit  64512 / 64543 = 99.95%
cold/replay output   identical

Real-weight full GSM8K, 20-shot, 1319 samples, concurrency 64, 512 GPU blocks, workload-driven eviction without a cache reset between rounds:

cold accuracy       0.9522
replay accuracy     0.9477
replay local hit    0 / 4693652 = 0.00%
replay external hit 4048896 / 4693652 = 86.26%

Real-weight AgentX/AIPerf fast, 15-minute profile, concurrency 16, 512 GPU blocks:

completed requests  108
request errors      0
local hit           14754816 / 24119865 = 61.17%
external hit        3660288 / 9365049 = 39.08%
theoretical hit     95.38%

The constrained GPU block pool intentionally forces local eviction. This validates the external offload path and is not presented as the normal unconstrained cache distribution.

Qwen3.5-4B TP8/DCP2

The Qwen runs use 8x B200 with CUDA FLASH_ATTN, which provides the decode LSE required by DCP for ordinary GQA. This covers a second hybrid architecture whose recurrent groups are GDN-backed MambaSpec groups.

Deterministic dummy cold/hot/pressure/replay with 32 GPU blocks:

hot local hit        7616 / 7686 = 99.09%
replay local hit        0 / 7686 = 0.00%
replay external hit  7616 / 7686 = 99.09%
cold/replay output   identical

Real BF16, 20-shot GSM8K N20, concurrency 1, 32 GPU blocks:

cold accuracy       0.80
replay accuracy     0.80
replay local hit    0 / 82957 = 0.00%
replay external hit 77520 / 82957 = 93.44%
20/20 outputs       identical

The Qwen score is reported only as a replay consistency check for this small model and sample; the relevant correctness signal is unchanged output and accuracy after external-cache replay.

Limitation

Transfers remain whole-block copies. If a local prefix is not scheduler-block aligned, SimpleCPU keeps the local hit and skips the external lookup rather than starting a transfer inside a destination block.

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Claude Code Review

This pull request is from a fork — automated review is disabled. A repository maintainer can comment @claude review to run a one-time review.

@YukioZzz
YukioZzz force-pushed the yichaozhu/pr53917-fine-grained-hybrid-hits branch from 8bdeee0 to c372255 Compare September 1, 2026 18:08
@mergify mergify Bot added the kv-connector label Sep 2, 2026
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This pull request has merge conflicts that must be resolved before it can be
merged. Please rebase the PR, @YukioZzz.

https://docs.github.com/en/pull-requests/collaborating-with-pull-requests/working-with-forks/syncing-a-fork

@mergify mergify Bot added the needs-rebase label Sep 2, 2026
@YukioZzz
YukioZzz force-pushed the yichaozhu/pr53917-fine-grained-hybrid-hits branch from 7c231a7 to 5cec87f Compare September 2, 2026 09:36
@mergify mergify Bot removed the needs-rebase label Sep 2, 2026
@YukioZzz
YukioZzz force-pushed the yichaozhu/pr53917-fine-grained-hybrid-hits branch 2 times, most recently from 563acd5 to 502b17a Compare September 2, 2026 15:45
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YukioZzz force-pushed the yichaozhu/pr53917-fine-grained-hybrid-hits branch from 502b17a to f36ceb6 Compare September 3, 2026 16:41
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Walkthrough

The scheduler now supports hybrid attention–Mamba cache groups, DCP-aware sizing, fine-grained external hits, boundary handoffs, partial full-attention tail stores, admission statistics, and cache-mode-specific positional handling. Tests cover these flows.

Changes

Hybrid KV offload

Layer / File(s) Summary
Cache sizing and positional contracts
vllm/v1/core/kv_cache_coordinator.py, vllm/v1/core/single_type_kv_cache_manager.py
Coordinators expose per-group block sizes and configurable partial-hit support. Managers identify whether positional scans are stable.
External hit lookup and loading
vllm/v1/simple_kv_offload/manager.py
External lookups enforce scheduler-block alignment, preserve token positions, apply per-group sizing, and place loaded blocks using group-specific offsets.
Boundary and eager store processing
vllm/v1/simple_kv_offload/manager.py, vllm/distributed/kv_transfer/kv_connector/v1/simple_cpu_offload_connector.py
Stores process boundary handoffs, candidate states, partial full-attention tails, event metadata, capacity checks, and boundary-store statistics. Disk capacity validation is added to the connector.
Hybrid scheduler validation
tests/v1/simple_kv_offload/test_scheduler.py
Tests cover mixed-cache loads, partial tails, alignment rejection, eager and lazy hit behavior, Mamba cache modes, event metadata parity, DCP sizing, and departing requests.

Estimated code review effort: 4 (Complex) | ~45 minutes

Merge Risk: 🟡 Moderate · up to a8f6a

Eager hybrid offload may store a completed full-attention block twice, wasting CPU cache capacity and producing duplicate transfers. The duplicate-selection path should be guarded or conclusively ruled out before merge.

Sequence Diagram(s)

sequenceDiagram
  participant Scheduler
  participant SimpleCPUOffloadScheduler
  participant KVCacheCoordinator
  participant CPUBlockPool
  Scheduler->>SimpleCPUOffloadScheduler: request external CPU hit
  SimpleCPUOffloadScheduler->>KVCacheCoordinator: read group block sizes
  SimpleCPUOffloadScheduler->>SimpleCPUOffloadScheduler: validate scheduler-block alignment
  SimpleCPUOffloadScheduler->>CPUBlockPool: place loaded attention and Mamba blocks
  CPUBlockPool-->>Scheduler: return loaded KV blocks
Loading

Suggested reviewers: lucaswilkinson, maithilijoshi20

🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 4 | ❌ 1

❌ Failed checks (1 warning)

Check name Status Explanation Resolution
Docstring Coverage ⚠️ Warning Docstring coverage is 62.86% which is insufficient. The required threshold is 80.00%. Docstring coverage is scoped to functions touched by this diff. Analyzed 35 functions across 5 files. Write docstrings for the functions missing them to satisfy the coverage threshold.
✅ Passed checks (4 passed)
Check name Status Explanation
Linked Issues check ✅ Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Out of Scope Changes check ✅ Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Title check ✅ Passed The title clearly identifies the main change: adding fine-grained hybrid prefix-hit loading for SimpleCPU offload.
Description check ✅ Passed The description directly explains the hybrid prefix-hit behavior, boundary handoffs, eager and lazy offload changes, limitations, and validation results.
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Actionable comments posted: 1

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Inline comments:
In `@tests/v1/simple_kv_offload/test_scheduler.py`:
- Around line 2367-2373: Update the logging assertion around
SimpleCPUOffloadScheduler.get_num_new_matched_tokens to use the caplog_vllm
fixture instead of caplog, while preserving the WARNING level and existing
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Comment thread tests/v1/simple_kv_offload/test_scheduler.py Outdated
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This pull request has merge conflicts that must be resolved before it can be
merged. Please rebase the PR, @YukioZzz.

https://docs.github.com/en/pull-requests/collaborating-with-pull-requests/working-with-forks/syncing-a-fork

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/amd-ci run

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✅ Triggered Buildkite AMD CI #12806 for commit 6bad3ae0cf78.

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@YukioZzz, A reviewer with write access must run /amd-ci run, approve the PR, or add the ready label first.

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✅ Triggered Buildkite AMD CI #12818 for commit b385c4e6f413.

Use the coordinator's resolved per-group block sizes when mapping SimpleCPU
offload transfers in hybrid DCP layouts. Only full attention is sharded
across DCP ranks; mamba, sliding window and chunked-local specs keep
replicated per-rank state and must not be scaled by the DCP world size.
Scaling every group by cp_world_size mapped the replicated groups onto the
wrong block geometry.

Expose group_block_sizes on the coordinator so the resolved sizes have a
single source, and apply it to the lazy watermark estimate too, where the
same hand-rolled formula under-counted the blocks to reserve for sliding
window groups.

Signed-off-by: Yichao Zhu <Yichao.Zhu@amd.com>
Enable eager SimpleCPU offload to consume hash-aligned hybrid prefix hits
after a scheduler-block-aligned local prefix. The load path maps accepted
token ranges through each cache group's resolved physical block size, so
partial external suffixes land in the correct destination blocks. The
per-group block count now rounds up, because a fine-grained hit is aligned to
the hash block size rather than to every group's block size; hash alignment is
still asserted, since it is what lets the external suffix start on a boundary
every group can address.

Transfers are whole-block copies, so an external suffix cannot start inside a
destination block. A request whose local prefix is not scheduler-block aligned
keeps its local hit and skips the external lookup.

Store exact boundary handoffs before positional scans, and avoid positional
scans for Mamba align tables because those block tables can move or null
interior state. Mamba all-mode remains eligible for positional stores.
Boundary stores extend the kv-cache-event metadata alongside the block ids, so
the two lists stay index-parallel for the completion path.

Handoffs are dropped for requests that finished or were preempted in the
same step. The scheduler drains them without filtering by request liveness,
and a departing request's blocks may already back another request, so
reading them would publish unrelated KV under a valid hash. This mirrors
the conservative drop the mooncake store performs.

The local prefix length resolved by get_num_new_matched_tokens() is carried
through to the load path rather than re-derived by counting hashed
full-attention blocks, which assumed every hashed block in the group's
table belongs to the contiguous local prefix.

The offered boundary is not used to derive a cache key here, so no
alignment filter is needed: the key comes from the handed-off block itself.

Lazy offload remains scheduler-block aligned by disabling partial hash hits
in the CPU coordinator. Only the hybrid coordinator accepts that flag.

Every branch that declines a hand-off is silent by design, so each decline
reason is counted and exposed through get_boundary_store_stats().

Signed-off-by: Yichao Zhu <Yichao.Zhu@amd.com>
Kimi-K3 DCP8 can finish a prompt at a hash boundary that is not a
full-attention effective-block boundary. Mamba align hands off the
prompt-tail state at that fine boundary, while the positional scan only
preserves whole attention blocks. Hybrid lookup requires every group to hit
the same boundary, so the CPU coordinator would otherwise see attention at
the previous full block and Mamba at the prompt tail, then reconcile to
zero.

Queue a SimpleCPU-only finish-time store for that attention block when
fine-grained hits are enabled. This mirrors
FullAttentionManager._cache_partial_tail_block: only the final prompt hash
boundary is eligible, and boundaries landing on a physical block edge are
already covered by the positional scan. Attention block tables are
append-only, so the block is located positionally, as the mooncake store
and offloading connector also do; no new core hand-off is required. The
boundary key is registered on the source block at completion along with its
other hashes, so nothing has to be captured at queue time.

Decode tokens can fill the boundary block before the request finishes, in
which case the positional scan already selected it; skip the tail store then
so one GPU block never consumes two CPU blocks.

The partial-tail store is best effort when the CPU block pool is full.
Dropping it is a cache miss, not a correctness failure.

Signed-off-by: Yichao Zhu <Yichao.Zhu@amd.com>
A request can contribute both positional attention blocks and explicit Mamba boundary blocks to one store event. Keep all selected blocks, but report the request once so completion bookkeeping has a canonical event-to-request mapping.

Signed-off-by: Yichao Zhu <Yichao.Zhu@amd.com>
Record event metadata only for concrete block hashes. Store admission guarantees the primary hash exists, while sparse secondary hashes may be absent and must not become metadata keys.

Signed-off-by: Yichao Zhu <Yichao.Zhu@amd.com>
Mamba align groups use explicit boundary handoffs and are excluded from positional eager scans. Without a handoff, assert that only full-attention event metadata is emitted.

Signed-off-by: Yichao Zhu <Yichao.Zhu@amd.com>
@YukioZzz
YukioZzz force-pushed the yichaozhu/pr53917-fine-grained-hybrid-hits branch from b385c4e to 6ede3f5 Compare September 10, 2026 13:55
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/amd-ci run

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✅ Triggered Buildkite AMD CI #12829 for commit 6ede3f576cef.

Signed-off-by: Yichao Zhu <Yichao.Zhu@amd.com>
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@YukioZzz, A reviewer with write access must run /amd-ci run, approve the PR, or add the ready label first.

@dllehr-amd dllehr-amd added the ready ONLY add when PR is ready to merge/full CI is needed label Sep 10, 2026
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@YukioZzz, CI is now available for this PR.

  • /ci run starts upstream CI; /amd-ci run starts AMD CI only.
  • /ci retry retries failed jobs in the CI build for the current PR head. If the current head has no CI build, it starts a new CI build for the current head containing only jobs that failed in the latest earlier CI build for this PR.
  • /amd-ci retry retries failed jobs in AMD CI for the current PR head. Use /amd-ci run when the current head has no AMD CI build.
  • /ci cancel cancels scheduled or running CI builds for this PR branch; /amd-ci cancel does the same for AMD CI only.

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/amd-ci run

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✅ Triggered Buildkite AMD CI #12833 for commit 594e765c2fda.

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/ci run

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✅ Triggered Buildkite CI #88166 for commit 594e765c2fda.

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/ci retry

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✅ Queued 10 failed job(s) for retry in Buildkite CI #88166.

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Thanks @YukioZzz

@dllehr-amd
dllehr-amd merged commit 07b7553 into vllm-project:main Sep 11, 2026
114 checks passed
ItsRoy69 pushed a commit to ItsRoy69/vllm that referenced this pull request Sep 15, 2026
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