[release-19.0] Planner Bug: Joins inside derived table (#14974)

[vitess-bot]

Description

This is a backport of #14974

[vitess-bot]

Review Checklist

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General

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 86.72566% with 45 lines in your changes are missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 67.31%. Comparing base (b317589) to head (c0e5eef).
Report is 5 commits behind head on release-19.0.

Files	Patch %	Lines
...vtgate/planbuilder/operators/projection_pushing.go	90.58%	21 Missing ⚠️
go/vt/vtgate/planbuilder/operators/apply_join.go	33.33%	12 Missing ⚠️
go/vt/vtgate/planbuilder/operators/route.go	85.18%	4 Missing ⚠️
...vt/vtgate/planbuilder/operators/offset_planning.go	71.42%	2 Missing ⚠️
...vtgate/planbuilder/plancontext/planning_context.go	94.59%	2 Missing ⚠️
go/vt/sqlparser/ast_funcs.go	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️
go/vt/vtgate/planbuilder/operators/SQL_builder.go	88.88%	1 Missing ⚠️
go/vt/vtgate/planbuilder/operators/aggregator.go	75.00%	1 Missing ⚠️
go/vt/vtgate/planbuilder/operators/subquery.go	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@               Coverage Diff                @@
##           release-19.0   #15177      +/-   ##
================================================
- Coverage         67.36%   67.31%   -0.05%     
================================================
  Files              1559     1560       +1     
  Lines            192103   194530    +2427     
================================================
+ Hits             129402   130949    +1547     
- Misses            62701    63581     +880     

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[GrahamCampbell]

CI failing?