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What kind of vulnerability is it? Who is impacted?
It is an Authorization Bypass resulting from Improper Input Validation of the HTTP/2 :path pseudo-header.
The gRPC-Go server was too lenient in its routing logic, accepting requests where the :path omitted the mandatory leading slash (e.g., Service/Method instead of /Service/Method). While the server successfully routed these requests to the correct handler, authorization interceptors (including the official grpc/authz package) evaluated the raw, non-canonical path string. Consequently, "deny" rules defined using canonical paths (starting with /) failed to match the incoming request, allowing it to bypass the policy if a fallback "allow" rule was present.
Who is impacted?
This affects gRPC-Go servers that meet both of the following criteria:
They use path-based authorization interceptors, such as the official RBAC implementation in google.golang.org/grpc/authz or custom interceptors relying on info.FullMethod or grpc.Method(ctx).
Their security policy contains specific "deny" rules for canonical paths but allows other requests by default (a fallback "allow" rule).
The vulnerability is exploitable by an attacker who can send raw HTTP/2 frames with malformed :path headers directly to the gRPC server.
Patches
Has the problem been patched? What versions should users upgrade to?
Yes, the issue has been patched. The fix ensures that any request with a :path that does not start with a leading slash is immediately rejected with a codes.Unimplemented error, preventing it from reaching authorization interceptors or handlers with a non-canonical path string.
Users should upgrade to the following versions (or newer):
v1.79.3
The latest master branch.
It is recommended that all users employing path-based authorization (especially grpc/authz) upgrade as soon as the patch is available in a tagged release.
Workarounds
Is there a way for users to fix or remediate the vulnerability without upgrading?
While upgrading is the most secure and recommended path, users can mitigate the vulnerability using one of the following methods:
1. Use a Validating Interceptor (Recommended Mitigation)
Add an "outermost" interceptor to your server that validates the path before any other authorization logic runs:
funcpathValidationInterceptor(ctx context.Context, reqany, info*grpc.UnaryServerInfo, handler grpc.UnaryHandler) (any, error) {
ifinfo.FullMethod==""||info.FullMethod[0] !='/' {
returnnil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "malformed method name")
}
returnhandler(ctx, req)
}
// Ensure this is the FIRST interceptor in your chains:=grpc.NewServer(
grpc.ChainUnaryInterceptor(pathValidationInterceptor, authzInterceptor),
)
2. Infrastructure-Level Normalization
If your gRPC server is behind a reverse proxy or load balancer (such as Envoy, NGINX, or an L7 Cloud Load Balancer), ensure it is configured to enforce strict HTTP/2 compliance for pseudo-headers and reject or normalize requests where the :path header does not start with a leading slash.
3. Policy Hardening
Switch to a "default deny" posture in your authorization policies (explicitly listing all allowed paths and denying everything else) to reduce the risk of bypasses via malformed inputs.
stdlib1.25.7 (golang)
pkg:golang/stdlib@1.25.7
Affected range
<1.25.9
Fixed version
1.25.9
EPSS Score
0.015%
EPSS Percentile
3rd percentile
Description
If one side of the TLS connection sends multiple key update messages post-handshake in a single record, the connection can deadlock, causing uncontrolled consumption of resources. This can lead to a denial of service.
This only affects TLS 1.3.
Affected range
<1.25.9
Fixed version
1.25.9
EPSS Score
0.018%
EPSS Percentile
4th percentile
Description
Validating certificate chains which use policies is unexpectedly inefficient when certificates in the chain contain a very large number of policy mappings, possibly causing denial of service.
This only affects validation of otherwise trusted certificate chains, issued by a root CA in the VerifyOptions.Roots CertPool, or in the system certificate pool.
Affected range
<1.25.9
Fixed version
1.25.9
EPSS Score
0.017%
EPSS Percentile
4th percentile
Description
During chain building, the amount of work that is done is not correctly limited when a large number of intermediate certificates are passed in VerifyOptions.Intermediates, which can lead to a denial of service. This affects both direct users of crypto/x509 and users of crypto/tls.
Affected range
<1.25.8
Fixed version
1.25.8
EPSS Score
0.033%
EPSS Percentile
10th percentile
Description
url.Parse insufficiently validated the host/authority component and accepted some invalid URLs.
Affected range
<1.25.9
Fixed version
1.25.9
EPSS Score
0.008%
EPSS Percentile
1st percentile
Description
On Linux, if the target of Root.Chmod is replaced with a symlink while the chmod operation is in progress, Chmod can operate on the target of the symlink, even when the target lies outside the root.
The Linux fchmodat syscall silently ignores the AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW flag, which Root.Chmod uses to avoid symlink traversal. Root.Chmod checks its target before acting and returns an error if the target is a symlink lying outside the root, so the impact is limited to cases where the target is replaced with a symlink between the check and operation.
Affected range
<1.25.9
Fixed version
1.25.9
EPSS Score
0.010%
EPSS Percentile
1st percentile
Description
Context was not properly tracked across template branches for JS template literals, leading to possibly incorrect escaping of content when branches were used. Additionally template actions within JS template literals did not properly track the brace depth, leading to incorrect escaping being applied.
These issues could cause actions within JS template literals to be incorrectly or improperly escaped, leading to XSS vulnerabilities.
Affected range
<1.25.8
Fixed version
1.25.8
EPSS Score
0.012%
EPSS Percentile
2nd percentile
Description
Actions which insert URLs into the content attribute of HTML meta tags are not escaped. This can allow XSS if the meta tag also has an http-equiv attribute with the value "refresh".
A new GODEBUG setting has been added, htmlmetacontenturlescape, which can be used to disable escaping URLs in actions in the meta content attribute which follow "url=" by setting htmlmetacontenturlescape=0.
Affected range
<1.25.9
Fixed version
1.25.9
EPSS Score
0.004%
EPSS Percentile
0th percentile
Description
tar.Reader can allocate an unbounded amount of memory when reading a maliciously-crafted archive containing a large number of sparse regions encoded in the "old GNU sparse map" format.
Affected range
<1.25.8
Fixed version
1.25.8
EPSS Score
0.005%
EPSS Percentile
0th percentile
Description
On Unix platforms, when listing the contents of a directory using File.ReadDir or File.Readdir the returned FileInfo could reference a file outside of the Root in which the File was opened.
The impact of this escape is limited to reading metadata provided by lstat from arbitrary locations on the filesystem without permitting reading or writing files outside the root.
Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel
Affected range
<29.3.1
Fixed version
Not Fixed
CVSS Score
8.8
CVSS Vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
EPSS Score
0.014%
EPSS Percentile
2nd percentile
Description
Summary
A security vulnerability has been detected that allows attackers to bypass authorization plugins (AuthZ) under specific circumstances. The base likelihood of this being exploited is low.
If you don't use AuthZ plugins, you are not affected.
Using a specially-crafted API request, an attacker could make the Docker daemon forward the request to an authorization plugin without the body. The authorization plugin may allow a request which it would have otherwise denied if the body had been forwarded to it.
Anyone who depends on authorization plugins that introspect the request body to make access control decisions is potentially impacted.
Workarounds
If unable to update immediately:
Avoid using AuthZ plugins that rely on request body inspection for security decisions.
Restrict access to the Docker API to trusted parties, following the principle of least privilege.
A security vulnerability has been detected that allows plugins privilege validation to be bypassed during docker plugin install. Due to an error in the daemon's privilege comparison logic, the daemon may incorrectly accept a privilege set that differs from the one approved by the user.
Plugins that request exactly one privilege are also affected, because no comparison is performed at all.
Impact
If plugins are not in use, there is no impact.
When a plugin is installed, the daemon computes the privileges required by the plugin's configuration and compares them with the privileges approved during installation. A malicious plugin can exploit this bug so that the daemon accepts privileges that differ from what was intended to be approved.
Anyone who depends on the plugin installation approval flow as a meaningful security boundary is potentially impacted.
Depending on the privilege set involved, this may include highly sensitive plugin permissions such as broad device access.
For consideration: exploitation still requires a plugin to be installed from a malicious source, and Docker plugins are relatively uncommon. Docker Desktop also does not support plugins.
Workarounds
If unable to update immediately:
Do not install plugins from untrusted sources
Carefully review all privileges requested during docker plugin install
Restrict access to the Docker daemon to trusted parties, following the principle of least privilege
Avoid relying on plugin privilege approval as the only control boundary for sensitive environments
Credits
Reported by Cody (c@wormhole.guru, PGP 0x9FA5B73E)
golang.org/x/net0.50.0 (golang)
pkg:golang/golang.org/x/net@0.50.0
Affected range
>=0.50.0 <0.51.0
Fixed version
0.51.0
EPSS Score
0.022%
EPSS Percentile
6th percentile
Description
Due to missing nil check, sending 0x0a-0x0f HTTP/2 frames will cause a running server to panic
The SPDY/3 frame parser in spdystream does not validate
attacker-controlled counts and lengths before allocating memory. A
remote peer that can send SPDY frames to a service using spdystream can
cause the process to allocate gigabytes of memory with a small number of
malformed control frames, leading to an out-of-memory crash.
Three allocation paths in the receive side are affected:
SETTINGS entry count -- The SETTINGS frame reader reads a 32-bit numSettings from the payload and allocates a slice of that size
without checking it against the declared frame length. An attacker
can set numSettings to a value far exceeding the actual payload,
triggering a large allocation before any setting data is read.
Header count -- parseHeaderValueBlock reads a 32-bit numHeaders from the decompressed header block and allocates an http.Header map of that size with no upper bound.
Header field size -- Individual header name and value lengths are
read as 32-bit integers and used directly as allocation sizes with
no validation.
Because SPDY header blocks are zlib-compressed, a small on-the-wire
payload can decompress into attacker-controlled bytes that the parser
interprets as 32-bit counts and lengths. A single crafted frame is
enough to exhaust process memory.
Impact
Any program that accepts SPDY connections using spdystream -- directly
or through a dependent library -- is affected. A remote peer that can
send SPDY frames to the service can crash the process with a single
crafted SPDY control frame, causing denial of service.
v0.5.1 addresses the receive-side allocation bugs and adds related
hardening:
Core fixes:
SETTINGS entry-count validation -- The SETTINGS frame reader now
checks that numSettings is consistent with the declared frame
length (numSettings <= (length-4)/8) before allocating.
Header count limit -- parseHeaderValueBlock enforces a maximum
number of headers per frame (default: 1000).
Header field size limit -- Individual header name and value
lengths are checked against a per-field size limit (default: 1 MiB)
before allocation.
Connection closure on protocol error -- The connection read loop
now closes the underlying net.Conn when it encounters an InvalidControlFrame error, preventing further exploitation on the
same connection.
Additional hardening:
Write-side bounds checks -- All frame write methods now verify
that payloads fit within the 24-bit length field, preventing the
library from producing invalid frames.
Configurable limits:
Callers can adjust the defaults using NewConnectionWithOptions or
the lower-level spdy.NewFramerWithOptions with functional options: WithMaxControlFramePayloadSize, WithMaxHeaderFieldSize, and WithMaxHeaderCount.
The fix for GHSA-9h8m-3fm2-qjrq (CVE-2026-24051) changed the Darwin ioreg command to use an absolute path but left the BSD kenv command using a bare name, allowing the same PATH hijacking attack on BSD and Solaris platforms.
The execCommand helper at sdk/resource/host_id_exec.go uses exec.Command(name, arg...) which searches $PATH when the command name contains no path separator.
Affected platforms (per build tag in host_id_bsd.go:4): DragonFly BSD, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, Solaris.
The kenv path is reached when /etc/hostid does not exist (line 38-40), which is common on FreeBSD systems.
Attack
Attacker has local access to a system running a Go application that imports go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk
Attacker places a malicious kenv binary earlier in $PATH
Application initializes OpenTelemetry resource detection at startup
hostIDReaderBSD.read() calls exec.Command("kenv", ...) which resolves to the malicious binary
Arbitrary code executes in the context of the application
The Delete function fails to properly validate offsets when processing malformed JSON input. This can lead to a negative slice index and a runtime panic, allowing a denial of service attack.
Decrypting a JSON Web Encryption (JWE) object will panic if the alg field indicates a key wrapping algorithm (one ending in KW, with the exception of A128GCMKW, A192GCMKW, and A256GCMKW) and the encrypted_key field is empty. The panic happens when cipher.KeyUnwrap() in key_wrap.go attempts to allocate a slice with a zero or negative length based on the length of the encrypted_key.
This code path is reachable from ParseEncrypted() / ParseEncryptedJSON() / ParseEncryptedCompact() followed by Decrypt() on the resulting object. Note that the parse functions take a list of accepted key algorithms. If the accepted key algorithms do not include any key wrapping algorithms, parsing will fail and the application will be unaffected.
This panic is also reachable by calling cipher.KeyUnwrap() directly with any ciphertext parameter less than 16 bytes long, but calling this function directly is less common.
Panics can lead to denial of service.
Fixed In
4.1.4 and v3.0.5
Workarounds
If the list of keyAlgorithms passed to ParseEncrypted() / ParseEncryptedJSON() / ParseEncryptedCompact() does not include key wrapping algorithms (those ending in KW), your application is unaffected.
If your application uses key wrapping, you can prevalidate to the JWE objects to ensure the encrypted_key field is nonempty. If your application accepts JWE Compact Serialization, apply that validation to the corresponding field of that serialization (the data between the first and second .).
Thanks
Thanks to Datadog's Security team for finding this issue.
Docker CLI for Windows searches for plugin binaries in C:\ProgramData\Docker\cli-plugins, a directory that does not exist by default. A low-privileged attacker can create this directory and place malicious CLI plugin binaries (docker-compose.exe, docker-buildx.exe, etc.) that are executed when a victim user opens Docker Desktop or invokes Docker CLI plugin features, and allow privilege-escalation if the docker CLI is executed as a privileged user.
This issue affects Docker CLI through v29.1.5 (fixed in v29.2.0). It impacts Windows binaries acting as a CLI plugin manager via the [github.com/docker/cli/cli-plugins/manager](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/docker/cli@v29.1.5+incompatible/cli-plugins/manager) package, which is consumed by downstream projects such as Docker Compose.
Docker Compose became affected starting in v2.31.0, when it incorporated the relevant CLI plugin manager code (see docker/compose#12300), and is fixed in v5.1.0.
This issue does not impact non-Windows binaries or projects that do not use the plugin manager code.
Patches
Fixed version starts with 29.2.0
This issue was fixed in docker/cli@1375933 (docker/cli#6713), which removed %PROGRAMDATA%\Docker\cli-plugins from the list of paths used for plugin-discovery on Windows.
A vulnerability has been identified in which a maliciously crafted .idx file can cause asymmetric memory consumption, potentially exhausting available memory and resulting in a Denial of Service (DoS) condition.
Exploitation requires write access to the local repository's .git directory, it order to create or alter existing .idx files.
Patches
Users should upgrade to v5.17.1, or the latest v6pseudo-version, in order to mitigate this vulnerability.
Credit
The go-git maintainers thank @kq5y for finding and reporting this issue privately to the go-git project.
Insufficiently Protected Credentials
Affected range
<=5.17.2
Fixed version
5.18.0
CVSS Score
4.7
CVSS Vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N
Description
Impact
go-git may leak HTTP authentication credentials when following redirects during smart-HTTP clone and fetch operations.
If a remote repository responds to the initial /info/refs request with a redirect to a different host, go-git updates the session endpoint to the redirected location and reuses the original authentication for subsequent requests. This can result in the credentials (e.g. Authorization headers) being sent to an unintended host.
An attacker controlling or influencing the redirect target can capture these credentials and potentially reuse them to access the victim’s repositories or other resources, depending on the scope of the credential.
Clients using go-git exclusively with trusted remotes (for example, GitHub or GitLab), and over a secure HTTPS connection, are not affected by this issue. The risk arises when interacting with untrusted or misconfigured Git servers, or when using unsecured HTTP connections, which is not recommended. Such configurations also expose clients to a broader class of security risks beyond this issue, including credential interception and tampering of repository data.
Patches
Users should upgrade to v5.18.0, or v6.0.0-alpha.2, in order to mitigate this vulnerability. Versions prior to v5 are likely to be affected, users are recommended to upgrade to a supported go-git version.
The patched versions add support for configuring followRedirects. In line with upstream behaviour, the default is now initial, while users can opt into FollowRedirects or NoFollowRedirects programmatically.
Credit
Thanks to the 3 separate reports from @celinke97, @N0zoM1z0 and @AyushParkara. Thanks for finding and reporting this issue privately to the go-git project. 🙇
Improper Validation of Array Index
Affected range
<=5.17.0
Fixed version
5.17.1
CVSS Score
2.8
CVSS Vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
EPSS Score
0.014%
EPSS Percentile
2nd percentile
Description
Impact
go-git’s index decoder for format version 4 fails to validate the path name prefix length before applying it to the previously decoded path name. A maliciously crafted index file can trigger an out-of-bounds slice operation, resulting in a runtime panic during normal index parsing.
This issue only affects Git index format version 4. Earlier formats (go-git supports only v2 and v3) are not vulnerable to this issue.
An attacker able to supply a crafted .git/index file can cause applications using go-git to panic while reading the index. If the application does not recover from panics, this results in process termination, leading to a denial-of-service (DoS) condition.
Exploitation requires the ability to modify or inject a Git index file within the local repository in disk. This typically implies write access to the .git directory.
Patches
Users should upgrade to v5.17.1, or the latest v6pseudo-version, in order to mitigate this vulnerability.
Credit
go-git maintainers thank @kq5y for finding and reporting this issue privately to the go-git project.
An issue exists in the the EventStream header decoder in AWS SDK for Go v2 in versions predating 2026-03-23. An actor can send a malformed EventStream response frame containing a crafted header value type byte outside the valid range, which can cause the host process to terminate.
This issue has been addressed in versions 2026-03-23 and above. We recommend upgrading to the latest version and ensuring any forked or derivative code is patched to incorporate the new fixes.
Workarounds
Not Applicable
References
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory, we ask that you contact [AWS/Amazon] Security via our vulnerability reporting page or directly via email to [aws-security@amazon.com](mailto:aws-security@amazon.com). Please do not create a public GitHub issue.
An issue exists in the the EventStream header decoder in AWS SDK for Go v2 in versions predating 2026-03-23. An actor can send a malformed EventStream response frame containing a crafted header value type byte outside the valid range, which can cause the host process to terminate.
This issue has been addressed in versions 2026-03-23 and above. We recommend upgrading to the latest version and ensuring any forked or derivative code is patched to incorporate the new fixes.
Workarounds
Not Applicable
References
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory, we ask that you contact [AWS/Amazon] Security via our vulnerability reporting page or directly via email to [aws-security@amazon.com](mailto:aws-security@amazon.com). Please do not create a public GitHub issue.
An issue exists in the the EventStream header decoder in AWS SDK for Go v2 in versions predating 2026-03-23. An actor can send a malformed EventStream response frame containing a crafted header value type byte outside the valid range, which can cause the host process to terminate.
This issue has been addressed in versions 2026-03-23 and above. We recommend upgrading to the latest version and ensuring any forked or derivative code is patched to incorporate the new fixes.
Workarounds
Not Applicable
References
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory, we ask that you contact [AWS/Amazon] Security via our vulnerability reporting page or directly via email to [aws-security@amazon.com](mailto:aws-security@amazon.com). Please do not create a public GitHub issue.
An issue exists in the the EventStream header decoder in AWS SDK for Go v2 in versions predating 2026-03-23. An actor can send a malformed EventStream response frame containing a crafted header value type byte outside the valid range, which can cause the host process to terminate.
This issue has been addressed in versions 2026-03-23 and above. We recommend upgrading to the latest version and ensuring any forked or derivative code is patched to incorporate the new fixes.
Workarounds
Not Applicable
References
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory, we ask that you contact [AWS/Amazon] Security via our vulnerability reporting page or directly via email to [aws-security@amazon.com](mailto:aws-security@amazon.com). Please do not create a public GitHub issue.
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