Add table function to select table except specified columns

[ebyhr]

Description

Add table function to select table except specified columns

Example usage:

trino> SELECT * FROM tpch.tiny.region;
 regionkey |    name     |                                                       comment
-----------+-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         0 | AFRICA      | lar deposits. blithely final packages cajole. regular waters are final requests. regular accounts are according to
         1 | AMERICA     | hs use ironic, even requests. s
         2 | ASIA        | ges. thinly even pinto beans ca
         3 | EUROPE      | ly final courts cajole furiously final excuse
         4 | MIDDLE EAST | uickly special accounts cajole carefully blithely close requests. carefully final asymptotes haggle furiousl

trino> SELECT * FROM
    ->            TABLE(
    ->              system.runtime.except_column(
    ->                input => 'tpch.tiny.region',
    ->                except_column => array['comment']
    ->              )
    ->            );
 regionkey |    name
-----------+-------------
         0 | AFRICA
         1 | AMERICA
         2 | ASIA
         3 | EUROPE
         4 | MIDDLE EAST

Reference

• BigQuery https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/query-syntax#select_except
• DuckDB https://duckdb.org/2022/05/04/friendlier-sql.html
• Teradata https://docs.teradata.com/r/Teradata-VantageTM-NewSQL-Engine-Analytic-Functions/July-2019/Teradata-Vantage-NewSQL-Engine-Analytic-Functions/Antiselect

Documentation

( ) No documentation is needed.
( ) Sufficient documentation is included in this PR.
( ) Documentation PR is available with #prnumber.
( ) Documentation issue #issuenumber is filed, and can be handled later.

Release notes

( ) No release notes entries required.
( ) Release notes entries required with the following suggested text:

# Section
* Fix some things. ({issue}`issuenumber`)

[martint]

This should be implemented using a TABLE parameter to the table function, not a string that represents a table name. That way, it will work for any table-producing subquery.

The syntax for the example above should be:

SELECT *
FROM TABLE (
    system.runtime.except_column(
        input => TABLE (tpch.tiny.region),
        except_column => array['comment']
    )
)

Also, it should work for:

SELECT *
FROM TABLE (
    system.runtime.except_column(
        input => TABLE (SELECT * FROM tpch.tiny.region WHERE regionkey = 1),
        except_column => array['comment']
    )
)

Unfortunately, TABLE inputs are not yet supported — it’s still work in progress.

[ebyhr]

I will update this PR once TABLE inputs are supported.

[ebyhr]

Superseded by #16584