Add `Patched()` and `DeprecatePatch()` APIs

[mjameswh]

Describe the solution you'd like

In short:

• Add the Patched(patchId, memoized): boolean and DeprecatePatch(patchId, memoized): boolean APIs. Refer to Core's implementation (once it is ready).

• (Maybe) Deprecate the GetVersion API.

See temporalio/features#591 for details.