Rollup merge of #111065 - est31:send_mut_ref, r=m-ou-se

Explicitly document how Send and Sync relate to references

Some of these relations were already mentioned in the text, but that Send is implemented for &mut impl Send was not mentioned, neither did the docs list when &T is Sync. Inspired by the discussion in #110961.

[Proof](https://play.rust-lang.org/?version=stable&mode=debug&edition=2021&gist=ed77bfc3c77ba664400ebc2734f500e6) based on `@lukas-code` 's [example](rust-lang/rust#110961 (comment)).

core/src/marker.rs

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use crate::hash::Hasher;
 /// operations. Its cousin [`sync::Arc`][arc] does use atomic operations (incurring
 /// some overhead) and thus is `Send`.
 ///
-/// See [the Nomicon](../../nomicon/send-and-sync.html) for more details.
+/// See [the Nomicon](../../nomicon/send-and-sync.html) and the [`Sync`] trait for more details.
 ///
 /// [`Rc`]: ../../std/rc/struct.Rc.html
 /// [arc]: ../../std/sync/struct.Arc.html
@@ -426,6 +426,11 @@ pub macro Copy($item:item) {
 /// becomes read-only, as if it were a `& &T`. Hence there is no risk
 /// of a data race.
 ///
+/// A shorter overview of how [`Sync`] and [`Send`] relate to referencing:
+/// * `&T` is [`Send`] if and only if `T` is [`Sync`]
+/// * `&mut T` is [`Send`] if and only if `T` is [`Send`]
+/// * `&T` and `&mut T` are [`Sync`] if and only if `T` is [`Sync`]
+///
 /// Types that are not `Sync` are those that have "interior
 /// mutability" in a non-thread-safe form, such as [`Cell`][cell]
 /// and [`RefCell`][refcell]. These types allow for mutation of