Core: Improve internal types

[JReinhold]

What I did

While merging next and #23182 into this branch, @kasperpeulen and I noticed some typing stuff we wanted to improve, so we did that here.

@shilman you want to notice the changes to the telemetry logic:

• the original PR changed it so only errors were printed and sent, this reverts that so everything is sent
• made sendTelemetryError support unknown parameter, so you don't have to check the caught error being an instanceof error every time, you can just pass it in.

How to test

Checklist

• Make sure your changes are tested (stories and/or unit, integration, or end-to-end tests)
• Make sure to add/update documentation regarding your changes
• If you are deprecating/removing a feature, make sure to update
  MIGRATION.MD

Maintainers

• When this PR is ready for testing, make sure to add ci:normal, ci:merged or ci:daily GH label to it to run a specific set of sandboxes. The particular set of sandboxes can be found in code/lib/cli/src/sandbox-templates.ts
• Make sure this PR contains one of the labels below.

["cleanup", "BREAKING CHANGE", "feature request", "bug", "build", "documentation", "maintenance", "dependencies", "other"]

🦋 Canary release

This PR does not have a canary release associated. You can request a canary release of this pull request by mentioning the @storybookjs/core team here.

core team members can create a canary release here or locally with gh workflow run --repo storybookjs/storybook canary-release-pr.yml --field pr=<PR_NUMBER>

[shilman]

@JReinhold I don't think this is going to work unless you also fixed the code path that throws a non-error. I never really understood this error code. Perhaps @tmeasday or @ndelangen has more context

[JReinhold]

It's a bit of a convenience @kasperpeulen and I came up with. The current code and the changes here assumes that everyone is always throwing an error, and never something else. We feel that's a fair assumption, being able to throw anything but an error feels like a bug in the language.

This convenient change just means that you don't have to convert your unknown error to an Error every time you call this code.

[kasperpeulen]

LGTM!