fix(security)!: avoid DoS on malicious insert to memory

[Oppen]

This avoids panics on allocation failure and integer overflow during calls to Memory::insert.

Fixes #798
Closes #805

Checklist

• Linked to Github Issue
• Unit tests added
• Integration tests added.
• This change requires new documentation.
  • Documentation has been added/updated.
  • CHANGELOG has been updated.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #1099 (b69b183) into main (c17aa23) will increase coverage by 0.00%.
The diff coverage is 100.00%.

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #1099   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   98.15%   98.15%           
=======================================
  Files          85       85           
  Lines       34534    34553   +19     
=======================================
+ Hits        33897    33916   +19     
  Misses        637      637           

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
src/vm/vm_memory/memory.rs	98.87% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	⬆️

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[github-actions]

Benchmark Results for unmodified programs 🚀

Command	Mean [s]	Min [s]	Max [s]	Relative
base blake2s_integration_benchmark	17.109 ± 0.086	16.944	17.281	1.00
head blake2s_integration_benchmark	17.217 ± 0.078	17.125	17.354	1.01 ± 0.01

Command	Mean [s]	Min [s]	Max [s]	Relative
base compare_arrays_200000	5.208 ± 0.068	5.162	5.393	1.00
head compare_arrays_200000	5.237 ± 0.039	5.185	5.311	1.01 ± 0.02

Command	Mean [s]	Min [s]	Max [s]	Relative
base dict_integration_benchmark	3.273 ± 0.035	3.232	3.342	1.00
head dict_integration_benchmark	3.286 ± 0.014	3.266	3.313	1.00 ± 0.01

Command	Mean [s]	Min [s]	Max [s]	Relative
base factorial_multirun	5.510 ± 0.021	5.483	5.555	1.00 ± 0.00
head factorial_multirun	5.490 ± 0.015	5.476	5.516	1.00

Command	Mean [s]	Min [s]	Max [s]	Relative
base fibonacci_1000_multirun	4.891 ± 0.041	4.844	4.983	1.00
head fibonacci_1000_multirun	4.936 ± 0.070	4.864	5.094	1.01 ± 0.02

Command	Mean [ms]	Min [ms]	Max [ms]	Relative
base field_arithmetic_get_square_benchmark	213.3 ± 26.8	203.0	289.4	1.03 ± 0.13
head field_arithmetic_get_square_benchmark	206.1 ± 2.1	204.2	211.3	1.00

Command	Mean [s]	Min [s]	Max [s]	Relative
base integration_builtins	15.987 ± 0.124	15.858	16.297	1.00 ± 0.01
head integration_builtins	15.943 ± 0.092	15.848	16.159	1.00

Command	Mean [s]	Min [s]	Max [s]	Relative
base keccak_integration_benchmark	17.134 ± 0.221	17.030	17.757	1.00
head keccak_integration_benchmark	17.319 ± 0.166	17.096	17.644	1.01 ± 0.02

Command	Mean [s]	Min [s]	Max [s]	Relative
base linear_search	5.228 ± 0.091	5.162	5.480	1.00
head linear_search	5.272 ± 0.085	5.214	5.453	1.01 ± 0.02

Command	Mean [s]	Min [s]	Max [s]	Relative
base math_cmp_and_pow_integration_benchmark	3.592 ± 0.048	3.556	3.722	1.00
head math_cmp_and_pow_integration_benchmark	3.594 ± 0.015	3.575	3.630	1.00 ± 0.01

Command	Mean [s]	Min [s]	Max [s]	Relative
base math_integration_benchmark	3.295 ± 0.018	3.279	3.335	1.00
head math_integration_benchmark	3.303 ± 0.016	3.285	3.333	1.00 ± 0.01

Command	Mean [s]	Min [s]	Max [s]	Relative
base memory_integration_benchmark	2.917 ± 0.009	2.908	2.938	1.00
head memory_integration_benchmark	2.929 ± 0.008	2.916	2.940	1.00 ± 0.00

Command	Mean [s]	Min [s]	Max [s]	Relative
base operations_with_data_structures_benchmarks	3.262 ± 0.020	3.242	3.307	1.00
head operations_with_data_structures_benchmarks	3.273 ± 0.012	3.261	3.301	1.00 ± 0.01

Command	Mean [s]	Min [s]	Max [s]	Relative
base pedersen	1.041 ± 0.002	1.039	1.045	1.00 ± 0.00
head pedersen	1.040 ± 0.003	1.038	1.047	1.00

Command	Mean [s]	Min [s]	Max [s]	Relative
base poseidon_integration_benchmark	1.744 ± 0.004	1.740	1.753	1.00
head poseidon_integration_benchmark	1.747 ± 0.005	1.739	1.756	1.00 ± 0.00

Command	Mean [s]	Min [s]	Max [s]	Relative
base secp_integration_benchmark	3.965 ± 0.012	3.956	3.991	1.00
head secp_integration_benchmark	3.998 ± 0.064	3.971	4.179	1.01 ± 0.02

Command	Mean [s]	Min [s]	Max [s]	Relative
base set_integration_benchmark	2.029 ± 0.009	2.017	2.048	1.00
head set_integration_benchmark	2.034 ± 0.009	2.025	2.048	1.00 ± 0.01

Command	Mean [s]	Min [s]	Max [s]	Relative
base uint256_integration_benchmark	10.275 ± 0.027	10.237	10.331	1.00
head uint256_integration_benchmark	10.275 ± 0.052	10.238	10.413	1.00 ± 0.01

[fmoletta]

Nice!