CI/Build: Speedup unit tests

[kantai]

Description

Our unit-test task in CI currently takes ~2 hours to run. This impacts the time-from-approval to time-of-merge for PRs. I think there's a couple potential quick wins here:

1. Use opt-level=3 for package dependencies in dev profiles. This shouldn't impact developer compiler times substantially, because those packages should only be rebuilt quite rarely. However, these can speed up the performance of tests.
2. Replace the dockerized unit test with raw GH workflow run commands.

I'm keeping this as a draft because I want to see how the CI actually responds to these changes.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #3632 (136220e) into develop (3c6d177) will increase coverage by 56.25%.
The diff coverage is n/a.

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##           develop    #3632       +/-   ##
============================================
+ Coverage    28.68%   84.93%   +56.25%     
============================================
  Files          298      298               
  Lines       276611   276611               
============================================
+ Hits         79345   234941   +155596     
+ Misses      197266    41670   -155596     

see 269 files with indirect coverage changes

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[kantai]

Looks like 4cd8ef0 shaved ~30 minutes off of the unit-tests runtime. Will try out the raw Github actions next.

[wileyj]

small conflict in 3199, since the file location of when this test runs is different.
copypaste should be enough for the few changed lines in ci.yml