Refactor: Improve type safety and readability of transaction execution (backport #22215)

[mergify]

This is an automatic backport of pull request #22215 done by Mergify.
Cherry-pick of 45458e7 has failed:

On branch mergify/bp/v1.9/pr-22215
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/v1.9'.

You are currently cherry-picking commit 45458e713.
  (fix conflicts and run "git cherry-pick --continue")
  (use "git cherry-pick --skip" to skip this patch)
  (use "git cherry-pick --abort" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)

Changes to be committed:
	modified:   core/src/banking_stage.rs
	modified:   ledger/src/blockstore_processor.rs
	modified:   program-test/src/lib.rs
	modified:   rpc/src/transaction_status_service.rs
	modified:   runtime/src/accounts.rs
	modified:   runtime/src/bank_utils.rs

Unmerged paths:
  (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
	both modified:   programs/bpf/benches/bpf_loader.rs
	both modified:   programs/bpf/tests/programs.rs
	both modified:   runtime/src/bank.rs

To fix up this pull request, you can check it out locally. See documentation: https://docs.github.com/en/github/collaborating-with-pull-requests/reviewing-changes-in-pull-requests/checking-out-pull-requests-locally

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[solana-grimes]

😱 New commits were pushed while the automerge label was present.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #22289 (45458e7) into v1.9 (87f4a1f) will increase coverage by 0.0%.
The diff coverage is 65.6%.

❗ Current head 45458e7 differs from pull request most recent head 561e1b6. Consider uploading reports for the commit 561e1b6 to get more accurate results

@@            Coverage Diff            @@
##             v1.9   #22289     +/-   ##
=========================================
  Coverage    81.1%    81.1%             
=========================================
  Files         518      523      +5     
  Lines      145136   146830   +1694     
=========================================
+ Hits       117708   119095   +1387     
- Misses      27428    27735    +307     

[mergify]

automerge label removed due to a CI failure

[mergify]

automerge label removed due to a CI failure