SIMD-0431: Loader V3: Minimum Extend Program Size

proposals/0431-permissioned-extend-program.md

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+---
+simd: '0431'
+title: Permissioned Extend Program
+authors:
+    - Dean Little (Blueshift)
+    - Joe Caulfield (Anza)
+category: Standard
+type: Core
+status: Review
+created: 2025-12-14
+feature: (fill in with feature key and github tracking issues once accepted)
+supersedes: '0164'
+---
+
+## Summary
+
+This SIMD proposes restricting invocation of the extend program instruction in 
+Loader V3 to the program's upgrade authority, along with lifting the current
+restriction preventing it from being invoked via CPI.
+
+## Motivation
+
+Currently, due to the permissionless nature of the extend program instruction 
+and some complexities surrounding the program cache, there is a DoS vector by 
+which anyone could disable a program for one slot by permissionlessly 
+extending its program data account.
+
+## New Terminology
+
+No new terminology is introduced by this proposal.
+
+## Detailed Design
+
+1. Add a check to the extend program instruction to ensure it is being invoked 
+by the current program upgrade authority.
+2. Activate this change with a feature gate.
+3. Remove feature gate after network activation.
+
+## Alternatives Considered
+
+- Allow DoS vectory to remain unresolved
+
+## Impact
+
+This proposal will remove the DoS vector for all deployed programs. Due to 
+constraints of ABI V1, in the case that a multisig upgrade authority wishes to 
+extend the program data account by greater than 10KiB, it will either need to 
+create multiple resize proposals, or atomically set its authority to a 
+top-level signer and reclaim it in the same transaction. The `ExtendProgram`
+instruction will now also be invokable by CPI.
+
+## Security Considerations
+
+In the case of a multisig atomically setting its authority to a top-level 
+signer, it is important to introspect the transaction and ensure that it 
+consists of the following instructions:
+
+- Set upgrade authority to top-level signer
+- Extend program data account in top-level instruction
+- Set upgrade authority back to quorum
+
+If this order is not observed, it would be possible for a quorum to 
+accidentally lose its upgrade authority.
+
+## Backwards Compatibility
+
+This feature places additional restrictions upon an existing Loader V3 
+instruction and is therefore not backwards compatible, necessitating a feature gate.