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fix(pd): keep a vision-capable decode leg for multimodal requests - #2655

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Description

Problem

From the review of #2640: sequential_pd_decode_form answers a multimodal request with a non-retryable 400 (pd_decode_language_model_only_mrope / _media_refs / _n_samples) when the selected decode worker runs --language-model-only, after selection, with no retry to a capable worker. In a decode pool that mixes language-model-only and vision-capable workers (a rollout, or a pool serving text and vision traffic), a policy pick that lands on the wrong worker fails the request even though a capable pair was available. #2640's own description lists this as the follow-up (a vision-compatibility factor so such a pool "is never selected for an M-RoPE model in the first place", refs #2483).

Solution

For a request whose decode leg such a worker cannot take (decode_needs_vision: media references, or a multimodal request with n > 1, or M-RoPE grid tensors in the router-processed intermediate, the exact cases sequential_pd_decode_form refuses; a text request of any n is never vetoed, since recomputing a text prompt needs no encoder), select_pd_pair leaves --language-model-only decode workers out of the pairing while the pair index has an open vision-capable prefill with an open vision-capable partner on its runtime, both on the retained wire when one is pinned. A plain image request (n = 1, no references, no grids) takes such a worker's stripped TextPlusHashes leg and is not steered away from it, so a production-shape pool of many language-model-only decodes plus one vision decode keeps its load spread. The gate reads the index (pairs.prefill / pairs.partners), not the decode pool, so a vision-capable worker that pairs with nothing cannot shut out the pool; and it checks both legs, since placement::select_pair applies the candidate filter to both. With no such pair the pool is used as it is and dispatch names the incompatibility exactly as today. Retries on the PD path re-select under the same rule through WireConstraint::requires_vision, set at first selection; EPD is not pinned (its encode fleet takes the pixels and its own selection never applies the veto). #2640's servicer probe is unchanged; the worker's supports_vision label is read as before. Low priority: uniform pools never see a difference.

Changes

  • model_gateway/src/routers/grpc/common/stages/worker_selection.rs: decode_needs_vision, vision_capable, the pair-aware gate in select_pd_pair; routers/grpc/context.rs: RequestType::sampling_n; routers/grpc/multimodal/mod.rs: MultimodalIntermediate::has_mrope_grids (over the shared VLLM_MROPE_GRID_KEYS).
  • model_gateway/src/routers/common/placement.rs, routers/grpc/context.rs: WireConstraint::requires_vision, derived from ProcessingState::multimodal_payload.

Test Plan

  • multimodal_requests_avoid_language_model_only_decode_workers: mixed pool, 12 multimodal selections never land on the language-model-only worker, text selections do, and with every vision-capable decode vetoed the multimodal request still pairs (fails with the filter disabled).
  • an_unpairable_vision_decode_worker_does_not_shut_out_the_pool: a vision decode on another runtime that no prefill partners, then a language-model-only prefill whose only partner is that decode; the pool still pairs (fails without the prefill-side check).
  • decode_needs_vision_only_for_what_the_stripped_leg_cannot_serve: no veto for a text request (n = 2 included) or a gridless image intermediate at n = 1; a veto for references, a gridless image intermediate at n = 2, and an intermediate carrying image_grid_thw. RequestType::sampling_n reads chat, completion and generate requests.
  • cargo test -p smg --lib -- worker_selection context::tests multimodal::: 149 passed. cargo +nightly fmt --all -- --check clean; cargo clippy -p smg --all-targets -- -D warnings clean (without --all-features, no OpenCV here).
Checklist
  • cargo +nightly fmt passes
  • cargo clippy --all-targets -- -D warnings passes (without --all-features, see above)
  • (Optional) Documentation updated
  • (Optional) Please join us on Slack #sig-smg to discuss, review, and merge PRs

@github-actions github-actions Bot added grpc gRPC client and router changes model-gateway Model gateway crate changes labels Sep 23, 2026
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📝 Summary

Summary by CodeRabbit

  • New Features
    • Requests that require vision processing can be routed to compatible vision-capable worker pairs when available; if none are available, selection falls back to the usual candidates.
    • Vision requirements are retained during dispatch and retry selection.
    • Media-reference requests continue to require workers that support those references. Vision routing also applies to requests with multiple requested outputs or certain multimodal data, including spatial data. Plain multimodal requests without these conditions do not necessarily require vision-capable workers.

Walkthrough

The gateway detects vision requirements from request sampling, media references, and M-RoPE grids. It carries those requirements through dispatch constraints and conditionally filters PD worker candidates when a compatible vision-capable pair exists.

Changes

Multimodal worker selection

Layer / File(s) Summary
Vision requirement detection and state
model_gateway/src/routers/grpc/context.rs, model_gateway/src/routers/grpc/multimodal/mod.rs, model_gateway/src/routers/grpc/proto_wrapper.rs, model_gateway/src/routers/common/placement.rs
Sampling counts and M-RoPE grid keys contribute to vision requirement detection. Processing state and wire constraints carry multimodal and vision requirements.
PD vision-capable candidate selection
model_gateway/src/routers/grpc/common/stages/worker_selection.rs, model_gateway/src/routers/grpc/context.rs
PD selection combines request and retained-wire constraints. It filters candidates to vision-capable workers when a compatible pair exists. Tests cover detection conditions, fallback, retries, and media-reference behavior.

Priority: ➖ Normal

Estimated code review effort: 3 (Moderate) | ~25 minutes

Change: Bug fix

Sequence Diagram(s)

sequenceDiagram
  participant Request
  participant WorkerSelection
  participant CandidatePools
  participant WireConstraint
  Request->>WorkerSelection: Provide sampling, multimodal, and media-reference state
  WorkerSelection->>WireConstraint: Read retained vision and media-reference constraints
  WorkerSelection->>CandidatePools: Filter PD candidates when a compatible vision-capable pair exists
Loading

Merge Risk: ⚪ Minimal · up to 6135e

Multimodal requests avoid incompatible decode workers when a compatible pair is available, while text-only multi-sample requests retain the ordinary pool. No material merge risk is established.

🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 5
✅ Passed checks (5 passed)
Check name Status Explanation
Title check ✅ Passed The title clearly and concisely describes the main change: preserving a vision-capable decode leg for multimodal PD requests.
Description check ✅ Passed The description directly explains the multimodal PD selection problem, the vision-capability filtering solution, and the related tests.
Docstring Coverage ✅ Passed Docstring coverage is 87.10% which is sufficient. The required threshold is 80.00%. Docstring coverage is scoped to functions touched by this diff. Analyzed 31 functions across 5 files.
Linked Issues check ✅ Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Out of Scope Changes check ✅ Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
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};
let candidate_filter: Option<fn(&dyn Worker) -> bool> = if media_refs {
Some(accepts_media_refs)
} else if multimodal && vision_decode_open() {

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🟡 Nit: The veto is broader than the failure it prevents. sequential_pd_decode_form only returns a non-retryable 400 for M-RoPE grids, media refs, or n > 1 — a plain multimodal request (n=1, no refs, non-M-RoPE) is served fine by a --language-model-only decode via TextPlusHashes (that stripped leg was #2640's whole design). With this filter, a mixed pool funnels all multimodal decode traffic onto the vision-capable subset: e.g. a production-shape pool of many LMO decodes plus one vision decode added for M-RoPE traffic now concentrates every multimodal request's decode leg on that single worker, even though the LMO workers could serve most of them. n is knowable at selection time from the request, and M-RoPE-ness is derivable from the intermediate's grid tensors, so the veto could be narrowed to requests the stripped leg actually cannot serve. Non-blocking since the gate keeps this a preference rather than a hard filter, but the load-concentration tradeoff is worth a comment or a follow-up.

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Agreed; narrowed in 1a9a62f. The veto now applies only to what the stripped leg cannot serve, mirroring sequential_pd_decode_form's three refusals: media references, n > 1 (RequestType::sampling_n), or M-RoPE grid tensors in the router-processed intermediate (MultimodalIntermediate::has_mrope_grids, over the shared grid-key list). A plain image request (n = 1, no references, no grids) is not steered away from a language-model-only decode, so the many-LMO-plus-one-vision pool keeps its load spread. Test: decode_needs_vision_only_for_what_the_stripped_leg_cannot_serve.

WireConstraint::of(
workers,
state.media_refs_forwarded,
state.media_refs_forwarded || state.multimodal_payload,

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🟡 Nit: This sets requires_vision for every mode, and reselect routes EncodePrefillDecode through select_pd_pair, so an EPD retry now applies the vision filter that initial EPD selection never applies — the PR description says EPD selection is unchanged, but its retry path isn't. In EPD the encode fleet processes the pixels and request building drops them from the prefill leg, so the decode leg doesn't obviously need a vision encoder; the filter can needlessly steer a vLLM EPD retry away from LMO decodes its first selection was happy to use. It stays non-fatal thanks to the vision_decode_open gate, but if the EPD behavior change is unintended, consider deriving requires_vision only for the PD path (or documenting that EPD retries are deliberately included).

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Right, that was unintended; fixed in 1a9a62f: the pin (ProcessingState::multimodal_payload → WireConstraint::requires_vision) is set only in the PrefillDecode arm, so an EPD retry re-selects as its first selection did. Stated in the PR body.

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Reviewed the vision-capable decode-leg gating for multimodal PD requests.

The core logic is sound: the vision_decode_open gate mirrors select_pair's eligibility (availability + wire pin) and its homogeneous-runtime narrowing exactly, so whenever the filter is applied a pairable vision-capable pair is guaranteed to exist, and with none open the pool is used as-is with dispatch naming the incompatibility — no request that succeeds today can newly fail (modulo the inherent gate→select availability race, which is the same TOCTOU window the existing pairing already has). The prefill-side check in the gate is correct and well-tested by an_unpairable_vision_decode_worker_does_not_shut_out_the_pool, and the retry pin via WireConstraint::requires_vision composes correctly with select_pd_pair's wire OR.

Findings: 0 🔴 Important, 2 🟡 Nit, 0 🟣 Pre-existing

  • 🟡 The veto covers all multimodal requests, though sequential_pd_decode_form only 400s for M-RoPE / media refs / n>1 — in a mixed pool this concentrates decode load that LMO workers could serve via the stripped leg (worker_selection.rs:700).
  • 🟡 EPD retries now apply the vision filter that initial EPD selection never applies, since requires_vision is derived mode-agnostically and reselect routes EPD through select_pd_pair (context.rs:851).

Neither is blocking; both are load-steering/consistency tradeoffs the gate keeps non-fatal.

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Actionable comments posted: 2


  • 🪄 Fix CodeRabbit comments on this PR
🤖 Prompt to fix review comments
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only still-valid issues, skip the rest with a brief reason, keep changes
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Inline comments:
In `@model_gateway/src/routers/grpc/common/stages/worker_selection.rs`:
- Around line 373-375: Update the vision requirement predicate in
decode_needs_vision so sampling_n() greater than one requires vision only for
multimodal requests, while preserving the media_refs and mrope-grid checks.
Update the predicate tests to cover text-only and multimodal requests with
sampling_n() greater than one.

In `@model_gateway/src/routers/grpc/context.rs`:
- Around line 123-134: Move the sampling_n method and its documentation before
the rid documentation in the relevant impl block, so each doc comment attaches
only to its intended method. Keep the rid documentation immediately above rid.

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  • model_gateway/src/routers/grpc/common/stages/worker_selection.rs
  • model_gateway/src/routers/grpc/context.rs
  • model_gateway/src/routers/grpc/multimodal/mod.rs
  • model_gateway/src/routers/grpc/proto_wrapper.rs

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Comment thread model_gateway/src/routers/grpc/common/stages/worker_selection.rs Outdated
Comment thread model_gateway/src/routers/grpc/context.rs
media_refs: bool,
) -> bool {
media_refs
|| request.sampling_n() > 1

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🔴 Important: request.sampling_n() > 1 triggers the veto with no multimodal content at all, but sequential_pd_decode_form only refuses n>1 when the request has multimodal inputs (!relay_kv_params && request.has_mm_inputs() in request_execution.rs — its own test expects sequential_pd_decode_form(&text, true, false) to succeed as TextPlusHashes). A pure-text chat with n=2 (intermediate None, media_refs false) is fully servable by a --language-model-only decode worker — recomputing a text prompt locally needs no vision encoder — yet this steers it onto the vision-capable subset, marks ctx.state.multimodal_payload = true for a text request, and pins its retries via WireConstraint::requires_vision. In the PR's own motivating rollout pool (many LMO decodes + one vision decode), n>1 text generation is the dominant traffic shape, so this re-creates the load concentration the narrowing was meant to remove. The n>1 term should be gated on multimodal presence, e.g.:

media_refs
    || intermediate.is_some_and(|i| {
        request.sampling_n() > 1 || i.has_mrope_grids()
    })

The test decode_needs_vision_only_for_what_the_stripped_leg_cannot_serve currently enshrines the over-trigger (decode_needs_vision(&chat(Some(2)), None, false) asserted true); it should instead assert false for text-only n>1 and true for n>1 with an intermediate (the actual Full-form recompute case).

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Right, fixed in 415a4a8: the n > 1 term is gated on multimodal presence (intermediate.is_some_and(|i| request.sampling_n() > 1 || i.has_mrope_grids())), mirroring sequential_pd_decode_form's has_mm_inputs() condition, so a text request of any n is neither vetoed nor pinned. The test now asserts text n = 2 → no veto and a gridless image intermediate at n = 2 → veto.

let n = match self {
Self::Chat(r) => r.n,
Self::Completion(r) => r.n,
_ => None,

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🟡 Nit: Self::Generate falls into the _ => None arm, but GenerateRequest carries both sampling_params.n and multimodal inputs (image_data/video_data/audio_data). A multimodal generate request with n > 1 on the vLLM PD path therefore skips the vision veto and can still land on a --language-model-only decode worker, failing at dispatch with the non-retryable pd_decode_language_model_only_n_samples 400 this PR sets out to prevent. Consider Self::Generate(r) => r.sampling_params.as_ref().and_then(|p| p.n).

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Fixed in 415a4a8: sampling_n reads Self::Generate(r) => r.sampling_params.as_ref().and_then(|p| p.n) as well, so a multimodal generate request with n > 1 is vetoed like a chat one.


/// Client-supplied backend request id (`rid`), where the protocol carries
/// one. Responses ids are storage-owned (`resp_*`) and never client-set.
/// Parallel samples the request asks for (1 when unset or not a

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🟡 Nit: sampling_n was inserted between rid()'s doc comment and rid() itself, so the "Client-supplied backend request id (rid)…" paragraph now heads sampling_n's rustdoc and rid() is left undocumented. Move the new method (with its doc) below rid() or above the rid doc block.

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Fixed in 415a4a8: sampling_n (with its own doc) now sits above rid's doc block, which is back on rid.

@hello-alexmcc
hello-alexmcc force-pushed the fix/pd-vision-capable-decode-selection branch from 1a9a62f to 415a4a8 Compare September 23, 2026 19:13
…eg cannot serve

A PD request whose decode leg a --language-model-only decode worker
cannot take (media references, n > 1, M-RoPE grids: the cases
sequential_pd_decode_form refuses with a non-retryable 400) leaves such
workers out of the pairing while the pair index has an open
vision-capable prefill with an open vision-capable partner on its
runtime, instead of failing after selection; with no such pair the pool
is used as it is and dispatch names the incompatibility. A plain image
request (n = 1, no references, no grids) takes the stripped leg and is
not steered away from it, so a mostly language-model-only pool keeps
its load. Retries on the PD path re-select under the same pin
(WireConstraint::requires_vision); EPD is not pinned.

Signed-off-by: Alex McC <319643551+hello-alexmcc@users.noreply.github.com>
@hello-alexmcc
hello-alexmcc force-pushed the fix/pd-vision-capable-decode-selection branch from 415a4a8 to 6135e29 Compare September 24, 2026 00:56
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This pull request has been automatically marked as stale because it has not had any activity within 14 days. It will be automatically closed if no further activity occurs within 16 days. Leave a comment if you feel this pull request should remain open. Thank you!

@github-actions github-actions Bot added the stale PR has been inactive for 14+ days label Oct 8, 2026
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Closing: the pairing logic this patch targets was replaced on main since it was written; the gap it addressed (a vision-capable decode leg for multimodal requests) stays tracked and will be re-implemented against the current code.

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lightseek-bot deleted the fix/pd-vision-capable-decode-selection branch October 12, 2026 05:25
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