Simplify test* targets in top-level Makefile and move logs to logs/

[jdemeyer]

Replace

$(PIPE) "./sage -t --sagenb $(TESTDIRS) 2>&1" "tee -a test.log"

by

./sage -t --all --logfile=logs/test.log

and analogous for other test targets.

Apply attachment: 14328_makefile_doctest_opts.patch to SAGE_ROOT, and apply attachment: trac_14328-scripts.patch to local/bin.

CC: @roed314 @nexttime

Component: build

Author: Jeroen Demeyer, John Palmieri

Reviewer: R. Andrew Ohana

Merged: sage-5.9.beta4

Issue created by migration from https://trac.sagemath.org/ticket/14328

[jdemeyer]

Description changed:

--- 
+++ 
@@ -9,3 +9,5 @@
 ./sage -t --all --logfile=test.log
 ```
 and analogous for other test targets.
+
+**Apply** [attachment: 14328_makefile_doctest_opts.patch](https://github.com/sagemath/sage-prod/files/10657439/14328_makefile_doctest_opts.patch.gz) to `SAGE_ROOT`.

[jdemeyer]

Author: Jeroen Demeyer

[jdemeyer]

Description changed:

--- 
+++ 
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 by
 
 ```
-./sage -t --all --logfile=test.log
+./sage -t --all --logfile=logs/test.log
 ```
 and analogous for other test targets.
 

[ohanar]

Reviewer: R. Andrew Ohana