Co-authored-by: Daniel Henry-Mantilla <[email protected]>

Co-authored-by: Mark Rousskov <[email protected]>

Add Result::{ok, err, and, or, unwrap_or} as const

Already opened tracking issue rust-lang#92384.

I don't think that this should actually cause any issues as long as the constness is unstable, but we may want to double-check that this doesn't get interpreted as a weird `Drop` bound even for non-const usages.

…without-arg, r=Mark-Simulacrum

Remove argument from closure in thread::Scope::spawn.

This implements `@danielhenrymantilla's` [suggestion](rust-lang#93203 (comment)) for improving the scoped threads interface.

Summary:

The `Scope` type gets an extra lifetime argument, which represents basically its own lifetime that will be used in `&'scope Scope<'scope, 'env>`:

```diff
- pub struct Scope<'env> { .. };
+ pub struct Scope<'scope, 'env: 'scope> { .. }

  pub fn scope<'env, F, T>(f: F) -> T
  where
-     F: FnOnce(&Scope<'env>) -> T;
+     F: for<'scope> FnOnce(&'scope Scope<'scope, 'env>) -> T;
```

This simplifies the `spawn` function, which now no longer passes an argument to the closure you give it, and now uses the `'scope` lifetime for everything:

```diff
-     pub fn spawn<'scope, F, T>(&'scope self, f: F) -> ScopedJoinHandle<'scope, T>
+     pub fn spawn<F, T>(&'scope self, f: F) -> ScopedJoinHandle<'scope, T>
      where
-         F: FnOnce(&Scope<'env>) -> T + Send + 'env,
+         F: FnOnce() -> T + Send + 'scope,
-         T: Send + 'env;
+         T: Send + 'scope;
```

The only difference the user will notice, is that their closure now takes no arguments anymore, even when spawning threads from spawned threads:

```diff
  thread::scope(|s| {
-     s.spawn(|_| {
+     s.spawn(|| {
          ...
      });
-     s.spawn(|s| {
+     s.spawn(|| {
          ...
-         s.spawn(|_| ...);
+         s.spawn(|| ...);
      });
  });
```

<details><summary>And, as a bonus, errors get <em>slightly</em> better because now any lifetime issues point to the outermost <code>s</code> (since there is only one <code>s</code>), rather than the innermost <code>s</code>, making it clear that the lifetime lasts for the entire <code>thread::scope</code>.

</summary>

```diff
  error[E0373]: closure may outlive the current function, but it borrows `a`, which is owned by the current function
   --> src/main.rs:9:21
    |
- 7 |         s.spawn(|s| {
-   |                  - has type `&Scope<'1>`
+ 6 |     thread::scope(|s| {
+   |                    - lifetime `'1` appears in the type of `s`
  9 |             s.spawn(|| println!("{:?}", a)); // might run after `a` is dropped
    |                     ^^                  - `a` is borrowed here
    |                     |
    |                     may outlive borrowed value `a`
    |
  note: function requires argument type to outlive `'1`
   --> src/main.rs:9:13
    |
  9 |             s.spawn(|| println!("{:?}", a)); // might run after `a` is dropped
    |             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  help: to force the closure to take ownership of `a` (and any other referenced variables), use the `move` keyword
    |
  9 |             s.spawn(move || println!("{:?}", a)); // might run after `a` is dropped
    |                     ++++
"
```
</details>

The downside is that the signature of `scope` and `Scope` gets slightly more complex, but in most cases the user wouldn't need to write those, as they just use the argument provided by `thread::scope` without having to name its type.

Another downside is that this does not work nicely in Rust 2015 and Rust 2018, since in those editions, `s` would be captured by reference and not by copy. In those editions, the user would need to use `move ||` to capture `s` by copy. (Which is what the compiler suggests in the error.)

…sumption, r=Mark-Simulacrum

promot debug_assert to assert

Fixes rust-lang#94705

update Miri

Fixes rust-lang#94687
r? `@rust-lang/miri`